sociology

while driving on the highway, David was pulled over to the side of the road by the police. David accepts that the police are his superiors. weber would say David obeyed the police as a result of

authority

___________, the social sciences began to divide into distinctive areas of research

between 1880-1910

Dominant theories of race during the time of W. E. B. Du Bois claimed that race __________.

biologically determined different levels of intelligence in individuals

the capitalist world system is a theory of globalization that argues

capitalism is an economic system that has consequences between countries and not just within them

when understanding intimate relationships, a sociological imagination allows us to

challenge the assumption that particular form marriage are natural as opposed to social in origin

the structural functionalist view on social change is that society

changes gradually by norms and institutions adapting to new social challenges

which of the following statements is true of urban environments that developed from the middle of the nineteenth century onward

cities had high rates of poverty

Marx argued that groups of people who were treated differently by the economic system would inevitably be in conflict with each other. this is called the theory of

class system

Sandy and John recently went to an art museum together. While they were there, Sandy discovered that John was very knowledgeable about art history and contemporary art. Bourdieu would argue that John has high __________.

cultural capital

When Derek arrived at his new high school for the first day of school he noticed that there weren't any other black students in his classrooms. Derek had never felt so aware of his race before. Du Bois would argue that Derek is experiencing __________.

double consciousness

________ who founded both the first European sociology department and the first major European journal of sociology, is called the "father of sociology"

emile Durkheim

you are a social scientist in the mid-nineteenth century. you want to study the forces in society that are driving social change. what human subjects are you most likely to study

factory workers who live in New York city

why is the family of interest to many sociologist

families are keys to understanding how individuals develop

according to Marx, and automated welding machine used to assemble automobile bodies would be an example of

force of production

which social contexts is likely to have a more significant impact on a child's life experience from birth than the other

his parents income and wealth

according to c. wright mills, the sociological imagination enables us to grasp the relations between _________ in society

history and biography

Among the social sciences, sociology is the discipline most concerned with __________.

how different parts of society link up to and mutually influence one another

Karl Marx argued that

human history is best understood through the history of a society's economic system

according to structural functionalism, within a social system individuals take on particular roles and while in those roles

idk

it is easy to see the importance of the social part of social interaction when we ________

imagine the social sanctions for violating rules

Living in high-crime areas has obvious risks: being a victim of physical violence, for example. What is one of the more subtle risks faced by people who live in high-crime areas that is mentioned by Pat Sharkey?

impaired job or school performance because of stress

after hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans, there were reports of increased criminal activity and looting. looters broke into electronic stores and stole merchandise, and increasing numbers of violent attacks exceeded all police efforts to keep the rising levels of violence in check. how would a sociologist explain these phenomena?

in the absence of social structures rules are unclear and everyone has to improvise

social theories are analytical frameworks for understanding the relationship between __________ and ________

individuals, societies

conflict theory was developed primarily from the work of sociologist looking for new ways of thinking about __________ and ___________

inequality, social justice

the interlocking nature of social inequality and how different inequalities are experienced together is also known as

intersectionality

which of the following is true of the sociological imagination

it raises questions about the origin, benefit and the harm of stereotypes

which of the following factors pulled people away from farms and into cities during the period of rapid industrialization more so than the others?

jobs

sociology laid the groundwork for which of the following academic disciplines

latino/a studies and industrial relations

people, more often than not, obey firefighters in emergency situations because they believe it is the "right thing to do". weber would refer to this as an example of

legitimacy

by carefully researching the lives of African Americans in a predominantly black neighborhood of Philadelphia, W.E.B. Dubois demonstrated that _____________ shaped every aspect of the lives of African Americans

limited opportunities

which of the following accurately connects the effect communities have on people's life pathways

living around people who encourage a child to be confidant leads to children who are more ambitious in life

researchers who use both qualitative and quantitive evidence are engaging in

mixed method research

organic solidarity describes a(n) _________ society that is characterized by ________

modern, an extensive division of labor

Sociology is different from some of the other social sciences because it has __________ and __________ social theories.

multiple, competing

according to _________, social programs such as food stamps and "Obamacare" are concessions made to the working class to make capitalism easier to accept for poor people

neo marxists

a number of popular celebrities, such as Morgan freeman, have fallen victim to rumors of their death spread on the internet. whether the news is passed through electronic messages or face-to-face, insights gleaned from ________ could help or explain how this misinformation is passed through social circles

network analysis

Thomas, who has never been to a formal dinner, is attending one at his friend's house. throughout the evening, Thomas observes his friends' behavior in order to fit in and act appropriately. Thomas is learning the social ______ of a formal dinner

norms

by attempting to develop a unified theory for sociology, talcott parsons argued that the key elements of any society were

organized around the broader and often hidden needs of society

simmer argued that group membership in society was a series of

overlapping social circles

according to C. wright mills, president Donald trump, bill gates and eco of a large company are all members of the

power elite

according to weber the mechanisms that make individuals reject hierarchies and obey orders in society are __________ and ________

power, authority

Sociologists' understanding of social contexts, social interactions, and social structures teaches us that people __________.

present themselves in different ways based on the social situation they are in

at each stage of ur development, we are both individuals and __________

products of our historical context

Marx argued that the ________ would overthrown capitalism in favor of _________

proletariat, socialism

how is a sociological study of the family more likely to differ from a psychological study of the family

psychological studies tend to study the minds of individuals in a family, sociological studies tend to study families within their larger social context

good research questions are both feasible and _______________

relevant

each year millions of people watch, and many attend NFL games. a sociologist, observing how the team logos, colors, the field, and the rivalries bring people together in ritual behavior, would label these things as

sacred

according to Bourdieu, what differentiates "social" from "symbolic" capital?

social capital is your support system whereas symbolic capital is your reputation

the rigorous training and licensing of doctors controlled by the American medical association is an example of weber's concept of

social closure

People in our society tend to think of themselves in terms of their individuality, but we are also all products of our __________, such as the time and place we live and the family we were born into.

social context

which of the following statements about social contexts would sociologists agree is true

social contexts have a huge impact on where individuals individuals end up in life

luthor has been part of the football team for two years, but he still feels like an outsider with many of the players.his teammates never asked him to hang out after practices or get together at any other time separate from team functions. simmer would describe Luther's experience as being a result of his

social distance

emile Durkheim claimed that any regularity or rule of everyday life in human communities is a

social fact

unwritten rules of society such as social norms, are an example of

social facts

____________ refers to the way people act together, including how they modify and alter their behavior in response to the presence of others

social interaction

norms, the basic rules of society that helps us know what is or is not appropriate in social situation, govern

social interaction

two key components to understanding the social worlds human create are _________

social interaction and social construction

Christine works at the high school, is a deacon at her church, a den mother for the Girl Scouts, a sergeant in the National Guard, and a kickboxing instructor at her gym. What concept best describes Christine's associations with others?

social networks

Max Weber focused primarily on individual action as a foundation of __________.

social order

__________ refers to the enduring patterns that shape and guide social interaction

social structure

the basis of social order, the nature of the individual and the circumstances of social change are three themes associated with

social theories

a large group of people who live in the same area and participate in a common set of norms and rules for social interaction is best known as

society

Although psychologists and sociologists study similar subjects and phenomena, what is a significant difference in the types of questions they ask?

sociologist are interested in understanding broad social factors psychologist are interested in understanding how individuals think

why would sociologist who study academic performances be interested in the lives of college freshmen before they enter college

sociologist are particularly well equipped to study the influence of students' backgrounds such as family influence on academic performances

You, a sociology student, are approached by an anthropology student who would like to work with you. How should you respond to this offer to participate in an interdisciplinary study?

sociology is a broad discipline that would benefit from the research anthropology has to offer. accept

For symbolic interactionists, social order __________.

starts from individuals and the meaning they give to objects

weber's concept of __________ have similar kinds of attributes and identities. these may be based on a wide variety of attributes such as race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or social class

status group

Karen operates a clothing store. Last summer she hired a young man to work at her store. He was frequently late and did not work particularly hard when he did show up. Karen now feels that most young men do not have the work ethic necessary to meet her demands. Her belief that young men are lazy is an example of __________.

stereotype

a(n) _________ is when groups have inequality that persists over time and can result in conflict between those groups

stratification system

parson's theory of an overarching social system guiding the individuals, groups and social institutions if society would become known as

structural functionalism

_______________ theory focuses on how everyday social interactions and the meaning people give to objects, relationships and events are the beginning of understanding social order

symbolic interactionist

structural individualism is a theory of analytical sociology that argues that society is based on the choices and actions that individuals and group make while

the actions that follow from these choices are constrained by society

Why were lines between social sciences unclear when they first developed?

the background of early social scientists were diverse and they often conducted work in multiple disciplines

when bill started talking on his cellphone during class he knew he violated a social norm when

the class reacted negatively

Durkheim argues that individuals in modern societies have the freedom to express their own unique preferences, tastes, and beliefs and that this freedom, also referred to as _______, is the basis of social solidarity in modern society

the cult of the individual

the NSA's ability to tap phone lines and review our email is a form of surveillance that Foucalt would argue is a part of

the modern day panopticon

imagine you are sitting at a table thinking about love. how would Herbert blumer distinguish the three types of objects that could be subject to interpretation in your situation?

the table (physical), the person (social), and the idea (abstract)

in the presentation of self in everyday life, Hoffman compares social life to ___________ and claims that we are ____________

the theater, actors playing roles

It is the late nineteenth century. Robert is a young man who is fascinated by the social world. He is particularly interested in studying the problems of cities and their inhabitants, including the lives of new residents migrating to cities from farms and from abroad. He is familiar with an emerging discipline called sociology and wants to conduct field research as part of his university coursework in the city where he is being educated. What school should Robert contact to gain information about this new field of study?

the university of Chicago, in Chicago, Illinois

___________ guide and shape a sociologist's research including questions asked and methods used

theoretical traditions

Susan worked tirelessly as an activist trying to stop the use of children in sweatshop labor. She organized protests, started a boycott campaign of major clothing brands, and founded her own charitable organization to fight against the use of children in sweatshops. How would Weber describe Susan's identity as an activist?

this is her status group membership

according to max weber, interpretive sociology is a method for understanding society by focusing on

understanding the motivations of social action

What can applying the sociological imagination tell us about unemployment and homelessness?

unemployment and homelessness can be due to changing social forces beyond an individual's control

what roles do values play in sociological research?

values influence sociologist's research questions but they do not determine findings

one of the three common themes of social theory is social order. this theme is chiefly concerned with

what holds society together

sociologist decide what to research and what questions to ask once they are familiar with

what other sociologist have already discovered

qualitative research relies on

words, observations, or pictures

you are taking your first sociology course in the fall. about halfway through the semester, you go home for thanksgiving. at thanksgiving dinner, you plan to conduct an impromptu sociological experiment by violating social norms. which of the following actions could you potentially take

you eat your dinner with your hands even the mashed potatoes

imagine that you are a sociology student in the early 20th century a the university of Chicago. you are trying to come up with an idea for a research project that you can easily conduct without leaving the city. which of the following project best embodies the

you have observed that the police force is made up almost entirely of a certain immigrant group. you want to interview members of that community and police officers to find out why this group might be drawn to police work

You are a first-year student at a major university. Which of the following describes a social context that could have a major positive impact on your academic success?

your parents were able to hire summer tutors for when you were in high school

why is it sometimes difficult for sociologists to define their discipline in short, simple terms?

......

urban areas have a population density of at least _________ people per square mile

1000

in an ongoing study of more than 2,000 young adults as they progress through college and into their post collegiate years, sociologist Richard arum has found that

24 percent of graduates in the study were back living with their parents two years after graduation

John is taking an introductory sociology class. As a result, he is conscious of his environment and carefully thinks about what he sees rather than jumping to quick conclusions. He notices a homeless man on his way to class every day. Using his sociological imagination, what might John conclude about this man's circumstances?

John reacts with sympathy. he considers the social circumstances that may have drawn the homeless man into poverty and wonders why so many are unemployed. he conduces that because of social change, the homeless man has lost his housing along with his job

which of the following statements about social theorists is chronologically accurate?

Marx wrote before Bourdieu

simmer's concept of social distance can be used as

a way to describe how close or distant an individual feels from others within a group

which of the following statements about a of ethics and sociological research is true

all social scientist s commit to a shared code of ethics

conflict theorists were critical of parson's structural functionalist theory because they argued it presented

an unrealistic image of consensus and harmony in society

the sociological imagination is the capacity to think systematically about how the things we experience as personal problems

are really social issues shared by others living in similar time and location