solar system master
Absorption Spectrum
Produced when light from a hot solid or dense gas passes through a less dense, cooler gas
Special tide
Proxigen Sprin tide, rare and happens when the MOON is CLOSER to the Earth
Protostar
Regions of dense matter that may contrast forming spiining balls of gas and dust that form the early life of a star.
lunar
Relating to the moon. "of the moon"
solar
Relating to the sun. "of the sun"
Friction
Resistance to motion that usually results in heat generation
ASTEROID
Rocky object that orbits the Sun, mostly in an area between Mars and Jupiter
PHASE
SHAPE OF THE MOON THAT APPEARS AT A CERTAIN TIME DURING THE MOON'S CYCLE OF CHANGES
Has a thousand rings
Saturn
Most striking feature = Magnificent Rings
Saturn
Which planet is most famous for its rings?
Saturn
Kepler
Scientist who discovered elliptical orbits.
Newton
Scientist who discovered gravity and inertia.
Copernicus
Scientist who discovered the sun was the center of the solar system.
ASTRONOMER
Scientist who observes and studies space
Vernal equinox in the southren hemiphere
Sept. 21
Star
Shines. Self-luminous.
Moons
Small Asteriods, Comets, or Planetiods caught in the gravity of a planet
Metroroids
Small stone like de-bree in the solar system also know as shooting stars
Mercury
Smallest of the terrestrial planets
What is another name for the Sun
Sol
4.6 billion years ago
Solar system was formed
Outer Meteoroid
Space
Pathfinder
Space Craft that sent TV pictures of the environment
Meteoroid
Space Debris in space
Uranus
Spins on a nearly horizontal axis (sideways)
white dwarf
Star's core is exhausted of helium;its outer layers escape into space leaving only the core; core gets smaller
giant
Star's core is exhausted of hydrogen;its outer layers expand and cool.
Solar system
Stars planets commets and everything else around the sun.
Hydrogen
Stars produce energy by converting what to helium?
Hydrogen
Stars produce helium by converting
Red
Stars with the lowest temperature shine
Low Temperature
Stars with this temperature shine with a red light
Astronomy
Study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space
Heliocentric model
Sun centered model of solar system
Earth
Supports life.
Mercury
Takes only about 3 months to revolve around the Sun
Earth
The 3rd of 4 terrestrial (rocky) planets & the Largest in size
solar system
The 8 planets and the sun
Absolute Magnitude
The Brightness that a star would have at a distance of 32.6 light years
geocentric model
The idea that Earth is at the center of the solar system
Geocentric Model
The idea that the Earth is the center of the solar system
Axis of Rotation
The imaginary line about which a turning body such as the earth rotates is called what?
Photosphere
The inner layer of the sun's atmosphere
Terrestrial planets
The inner rockey planets. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
meteor
The light of a meteriod coming into the atmosphere burning up due to friction is known as a _____________?
Main Asteroid Belt
The majority of the asteroids can be found here between Mars and Jupiter
atmosphere
The mass of air and gases that surround the Earth or any planet.
Chromosphere
The middle layer of the sun's atmosphere.
Elliptical
The most common type of galaxy
Revolution
The movement of an object around an object.
Terrestrial
The name given to the Earthlike/Inner planets
Jovian
The name given to the Gas Giants/Outer Plants
Gas giant
The name given to the first four outer planets.
Kuiper Belt
The name of a large disk shaped band of comets found past Neptune
Oort Cloud
The name of a large sphere shaped group of comets surrounding the sun
Sojournes
The name of the robot "rover" that was sent to Mars in 1997 to explore
Pluto
The ninth planet in the solar system. It is the smallest planet, it has one moon and is the farthest planet from the sun.
Thirteen
The number of meteorites found on earth from Mars
Ceres
The one dwarf planet located in the asteroid belt.
The only planet in our solar system that can support life.
The only planet that has water.
Earth
The only planet to support life as we know it
Geosynchronous orbit
The orbit of a satellite that revolves around earth the same rate earth rotates.
revolves / planet revolution
The orbiting of one heavenly body around another.
Corona
The outer layer of the sun's atmosphere.
What do we mean when we say the moon is waxing?
The part you see is growing larger.
orbits
The path in which something moves around (ex: a planet around the sun)
Orbit
The path that an object takes circling another object
Greenhouse Effect
The phenomenon whereby the earth's atmosphere traps solar radiation, caused by the presence in the atmosphere of gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane. Slowly heating the Earth's Surface.
Mercury
The planet closest to the sun.
Mars
The planet most like Earth (has 2 moons)
Uranus
The planet that "rolls" along rather than spins as do the rest.
Mercury
The planet that is the closest to the sun. It has no moons and is the smallest planet.
My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas
The planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto
Greenhouse Effect
The process in which heat is trapped in the atmosphere and other gasses that form a "blanket" around the earth.
Fusion
The process of combining atoms to make new elements
Plate Tectonics
The process of crustal movement relating to convection inside the planet
Mars
The red planet and the planet most like Earth
Asteroid belt
The region of the solar system between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, where many asteroids are found.
Venus
The second planet from the sun. It has no moons and is the brightest planet.
Uranus
The seventh planet from the sun. It has 15 moons and is the third largest planet.
Sphere
The shape taken as the gravity of the matter inside a nebula takes over
Disk
The shape that results from the rotation of the matter in the nebula
Saturn
The sixth planet from the sun. It has 21 moons and is surrounded by flat rings made of small pieces of rock and ice particles.
It takes this planet 12 Earth years to complete its orbit around the Sun.
The sixth planet of the solar system.
Star Stage 5
The star begins to collapse and then swells to become a red giant
Star Stage 6
The star no loonger has enough fuel and collapses to become a dim white dwarf
Star Stage 4
The star stops shrinking and begins to shine
What do all the planets get their light from?
The sun
What is a ball of fiery gases
The sun
solar system
The sun and all the planets, comets, asteroids etc. which revolve around the sun
Solar System
The sun and its family of orbiting planets is called what?
Facts about the Sun
The sun is a star, the sun is the closest star to Earth, the sun is a glowing ball of gas, the Earth could fit in the sun a million times, the sun provides heat and light, the sun provvides energy needed for plants to produce food
Explain Day and Night
The sun is stationary, the Earth rotates on it's axis, when it is day we are facing the sun, When it is night we are facinig away from the sun
Solar System
The sun, earth, and 8 other known planets make up
Inertia
The tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or stationary object to remain in place
Earth
The third planet from the sun. It has one moon and is the only planet with inhabitants (life).
Iron, Nickel
The two most common types of meterioite.
Continuous Spectrum
The unbroken range of wavelengths and colors present in white light
Supernova
The violent explosion of a large star that ends its life.
Big Bang
Theory that says universe began with an enormous explosion.
Galaxies
There may be as many as 100 billion
Mars
There once was water on this planet.
What would happen if there were no sun?
There would be no life on Earth, the sun provides, light and heat, Nothing would grow, it would be very cold and dark.
Constellations
These are only grouped together based on the perspective of Earthlings.
These planets are sometimes called the twin giants because they are so much alike.
These planets are sometimes called the twin giants because they are so much alike.
Comet parts 4
Thin glass tail- made of gasses released from the comet
nebula
This star begins in a cloud of gas and dust.
Saturns Largest Moon
Titan (the place in the middle is called the Terminater)
Saturn
Titan is its largest moon, 6th planet from the Sun
Meteorite
To Earth
REVOLVE
To move in an orbit around something
ROTATE
To spin on an axis
Kuyper belt
Where are the four dwarf planets Pluto, Houmaea, Makemake and Eris located?
Equator
Where on Earth can I find the least change in hours of daylight?
What is the name of the phase of the Moon when it is between the Sun and Earth.
The New Moon
What can blind you with its rays?
The Sun
What is our closest star?
The Sun
14 Billion Years
The Universe was created about 14 Billion years ago
Mass
The amount of matter in an object
Spectrum
The band of colors produced when white light passes through a prism
Proto-Star
The beginnings of a star, glowing gases due to intense fiction in the disk
Venus
The brighest planet in the sky
Apparent brightness
The brightness of a star as it appears from earth.
Apparent Magnitude
The brightness of a star as seen from Earth
Core
The central part of the sun; where nuclear fusion occurs
It is about 838,900 miles across.
The closest planet to the sun.
Fusion
The combining of Hydrogen atoms into helium atoms: the main source of energy from a star.
Nuclear Fusion
The combining of two atomic nuclei t o produce a single larger nucleus as when two hydrogen atoms form together to form helium releasing energy.
Halley's Comet
The comet discovered in 1705 that repeats itself every 76 years and last appeared in 1986.
circumpolar
The constellations that circle Polaris are.......
Neutron Star
The dense remains of a massive star's core after a supernova explosion
Astronomical Unit
The distance between the Sun and the Earth
AU
The distance from earth to the sun.
Light Year
The distance light travels over 1 year
Light year
The distance that light travels in one year, about 9.46 trillion km.
Heliopause
The edge of the Sun's gravity
It takes this planet 81 Earth years to go around the Sun.
The eighth planet from the Sun.
Neptune
The eighth planet from the sun. It has 2 moons and powerful storms with the fastest winds in the solar system.
Center
The energy of a star is generated in what part of the star
Jupiter
The fifth planet from the sun. It is the largest planet and has at least 14 moons. It takes almost 12 years to orbit the sun.
Outer Planets
The five planets farthest from the sun.
Gravity
The force that keeps the planets at a certain distance from the sun.
Inertia
The force that keeps the planets moving (around the sun).
Gravity
The force that pulled together particles as the solar system began to form.
Gravity
The force that pulls objects together.
gravity
The force which attracts things towards the Earth and causes them to fall to the ground.
Inner Planets
The four planets closest to the sun.
Mars
The fourth planet from the sun. It has two moons and is sometimes called the "Red Planet."
Star Stage 7
The fuel completely runs out, leaving a cool, dark dwarf
Milky Way
The galaxy that contains our solar system. It looks like a wide band of faint light in the night sky.
Milky Way Galaxy
The general shape is spiral
Heliocentric
Word that means "sun centered solar system".
Moon
Would it be easier to observe the movement of the Moon or Venus in the night sky?
Jupiter
Year = 12 Earth yrs Day = 10 hours
Uranus
Year = 84 Earth Years Day = 17 hours & 14 min.
earth
____- centered model - early greeks thought planets, Sun, Moon, and starts rotated around Earth
sun
______-centered model- Nicholas Copernicus and Galileo Galilei observed that the Moon revolved around Earth and that Earth and the other planets revolved around the Sun
modern view of the solar system
_________________________ includes Sun, nine planets, many small objects, and a huge volume of space
Kuiper
____belt, area of comets surrounding the solar system
Oort
____cloud, an area of comets way, way, way beyond the orbit of Neptune
meteor
a "shooting star" or mass of rock, metal, dust that enters the Earth's atmosphere
nebula
a _____ of gas, ice, and dust slowly formed
star
a ball of hot gases held together by the star's own gravity
comet
a ball of ice and dust whose orbit is a long, narrow ellipse
Comet
a ball of ice and dust whose orbit is long and narrow
comet
a ball of ice and dust whose orbit is long and narrow
Moon/satellite
a body in orbit around a planet
moon/satellite
a body in orbit around a planet
comet
a chunk of ice and rock that orbits the Sun in a long, narrow orbit
Meteroid
a chunk of rock or dust in space
meteoroid
a chunk of rock or dust in space
asteroid
a chunk of rock that orbits the sun
rotated
a cloud of material in the nebula slowly ____ in space
Galaxy
a cluster of stars, dust and gases held together by gravity
galaxy
a cluster of stars, dust and gases held together by gravity
constellation
a configuration of stars as seen from the earth
sunspot
a dark area of gas on the sun that is cooler than surrounding gases
heliocentric
a description of the solar system in which all of the planets revolve around the sun
heliocentric system
a description of the solar system in which all of the planets revolve around the sun; Copernicus believed in this
geocentric
a description of the solar system in which all the planets revolve around the earth
geocentric system
a description of the solar system that the Greeks believed in which all of the planets revolve around Earth
meteor
a fragment of rock, ice, or metal that burns up in Earth's atmosphere
Elliptical galaxy
a galaxy that varies in shape from nearly spherical to flat discs and contain very little dust or gas
Spiral galaxy
a galaxy with a bulge in the middle and arms that spiral outward in a pinwheel pattern
Spiral glaxy
a galxy that looks like a pinwheel. Arms of gas and dust.Our galaxy is this.
Local Group
a group of about 30 galaxies that includes the Milky Way
asteroid belt
a group of small planets that seperate inner planets from the outer planets
constellation
a group of stars that form a fixed pattern in the night sky
galaxy
a group of stars, dust and gas held together by gravity
crater
a hollow area or pit in the ground
star
a hot sphere of gases that gives off energy
galaxy
a huge group of single stars, star system, star clusters, dust, and gas bound together by gravity-our solar system is located in a spiral galaxy called the milky way
comet
a large ball of ice and dust that orbits the sun
planet
a large body of rock or gas that orbits the sun
nebula
a large cloud of gas and dust spread out in an immense volume
solar system
a large planetary system that consists of a combination of many smaller planetary systems and objects
prominence
a loop of gas that protrudes from the sun's surface, linking parts of the sunspot regions
sunspot
a magnetic storm on the sun's surface which appears as a dark spot
telescope
a magnifier of images of distant objects
Gustv Kirchhoff
a man who came up with three laws about the Spectroscopy
nebula
a massive cloud that can be the birthplace of new stars
magnitude
a measure of the amount of light it gives off.
sun
a medium sized star that is closest to Earth
meteorite
a meteor that reaches Earth's surface
meteorite
a meteoroid that has hit Earth's surface
moon
a natural satalite that orbits a planet
pulsar
a neutron star that is spinning
constellation
a number of stars that appears to form a pattern
constellation
a pattern of stars in the night sky
meteor
a piece of rock of metal from space that enters earths atmosphere
spiral galaxy
a pin-wheeled shape with huge spiral arms
force
a push or a pull exerted on an object
axis
a real or imaginary line that a spinning object turns around
convective zone
a region about 200,000 km thick where gases circulate in convection currents
planet
a satellite of the sun
ball lightning
a scientific expanation for UFO's
lantucular cloud
a scientific expanation for UFO's
biosphere
a self contained self- substaining natural system
SETI program
a serch for extraterrestrial intellegence
comet
a small object in space, made of ice, dust, gas, and rock that orbits a star and that can form a gaseous tail.
waning crescent
a small slice of the lighted side (left) is seen
waxing crescent
a small slice of the lighted side (right) is seen
comet
a space object made of ice, dust, and gases.
Hubble Space Telescope
a space telescope and camera named for a famous astronaut (Edward Hubble) used to study space elements
shape of the earth
a sphere that pulses at the equator
oort cloud
a spherical region of comets that surrounds the solar system out more than 1,000 times the distance between pluto and the sun
What is the Milkey way
a spril galaxy, the galaxy revoles around a bar like center
Polaris
a star above the North Pole which helps find directions at night
solar system
a star and the bodies around it
supernova
a star that burns fuel quickly and creates a dramatic explosion
nova
a star that suddenly increases in brightness up to 100 times in just a few hours or days
quasars
a starlike object that gives off radio waves
meteor
a streak of light in the sky produced by the burning of a meteoroid in Earth's atmosphere
solar wind
a stream of electrically charged particles produced by the sun's corona
galaxy
a system of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity
big bang theory
a theory that believes the universe started as a dense ball of matter that exploded to form the universe
chromosphere
a thin region below the corona, only 3,000 km thick
photometer
a tool used to measure brightness
radiative zone
a very dense region about 300,000 km thick
parallax
a way to measure a location of a star
The sun is a
a yellow darf
Earth began Forming
about 4.6 billion years ago
unbalanced force
action on an object changes another object's speed and/or direction
absolute magnitude
actual brightness of a star
Closest galaxy to us
adronmeda
black dwarf
after billions of years, a white dwarf eventually stops glowing-then it is called a black dwarf
4 elements
air, water, fire and earth
stars/sun
all but the sun are trillions of km. away
Universe
all of space and everything in it. Approximately 14 billion years old
revolve
all other objects in the solar system ____ around the sun
Comets Tail
always points away from the sun/solar wind
absolute magnitude
amount of light a star gives off
Revolve/Revolution
an elliptical motion of a body as it ORBITS ANOTHER BODY in space
ellipse
an elongated circle, or oval shape
ellipse
an elongated circle, or ovel shape; the shape of the planet's orbit
solar flare
an explosion of hydrogen gas from the sun's surface that occurs when loops in sunspot regions suddenly connect
axis
an imaginary line which an object orbits
reflecting telescope
an instrument for viewing distant objects that uses a curved mirror at the back of its tube to gather light and produce an image
refracting telescope
an instrument for viewing distant objects that uses two lenses to gather light and produce images
telescope
an instrument that uses magnifying glasses and mirrors to make things look closer
telescope
an instrument used to observe distant objects.
Star
an intense hot body that gets its energy from a nuclear reaction/explosion
star
an intense hot body that gets its energy from a nuclear reaction/explosion
black hole
an object with gravity so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape
black hole
an object with more than three solar masses squeezed into a ball only 10 km across
Satellite
an orbiting object built by people
satellite
any natural or artificial object that revolves around an object in space
satellite
any object orbiting another.
satellites
any object that revolves around another object in space
sun
any star around which a planetary system evolves
extraterrestrial
anything beyond earth
What is a satilight?
anything that orbits any thing elce
parallax
apparent shift in position
inner planets
are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
comets
are balls of ice that orbit the sun
planets
are balls of rocks and gas that orbit the earth
seasons
are caused by the tilting of Earth's axis
Comets
are compossed of dust, rock particles mixed with frozen water and methane
sunspots
areas of gas on the sun that are cooler that the gases around them and the number varies every 10-11 years
sunspots
areas of gas on the sun's surface that are cooler than gases around them
mascons
areas on the moon with high mass
nuclear
as the cloud contracted, it grew warmer, triggering a _____ fusion reaction that created the sun
Ceres
asteroid that has been upgraded to "dwarf planet"
mars and jupiter
asteroids are located between these two planets
meteoroids
asteroids collide creating small pieces
apparent magnitude
astronomers call the brightness of a star as it appears from Earth
AU
astronomical unit
the best place to see the Aurora Borealis is
at eather the north or south ploe
astronomical unit
average distance between Earth and Sun
milky way galaxy
away from city lights on a clear night, you can see into the thick band of stars in our galaxy
comets
balls of ice, rock, and dust in space with a tail
spectrum
band of colors formed when light passes through a prism
why are solar eclipse seen less often than lunar eclipse?
becaues only people in umbra can see the solar eclipse
why dont we see a lunar eclipse every month during a full moon?
because the earth is tilter 5 degrees
why dont we see all parts of the moon?
because the revolution and the rotation are the same time
Metroroids are found...
belive to come from the asteroid belt
asteroid belt
belt between mars and Jupiter
chromosphere
beneath the corona is the middle layer of the sun's atmosphere
asteroid belt
between Mars and Jupiter
white dwarf
blue-white core of the star that is left cools and becomes a white dwarf
What do Aurora Borealis and comets have in common
both are effected by solar winds
solar flares
bursts of light that don't last more than an hour
Solar energy can be used for
calculators, watches and some road signs
last quarter
can see half of the lighted side (left)
first quarter
can see half of the lighted side (right)
universe
careful measurments indicate its expanding and galaxies are moving farther apart
suns gravity
causes the planets to stay in order
planet
celestial body orbit around a star made up of rocks, metals and gas
core
center of the sun
Sun
center star of our solar system that gives off light and heat
core
center; on the sun this is where fusion occurs
core
central region
motion
change in position of an object using a reference point
tides
changes in the water due to gravitional atteraction of the sun and moon
meteroid
chunk of rock or dust in space
asteroid
chunk of rock or metal that orbits the sun
asteroids
chunks of rock and metal that orbit the Sun
meteoroids
chunks of rock or dust in space
Galaxy - different types
circle, spiral and random
how to tell if it is a plant
clears away every thing from it path, has enought graveitational pull, to become round and obits a star or remains of a star.
Used to track tides
clocks, phones, and the internet
retrograde rotation
clockwise spinning
ellipse
closed cuve in which the sum of he distances from the edge of the curve to two points inside
perihelion
closest point in Earth's orbit of Earth to Sun
perigee
closest point in Moon's orbit of Moon to Earth
nebula
cloud of dust and gas in which stars are born
nebula
cloud of material
coma
clouds of gas and dust form a fuzzy outer layer
neutron star
collapsed core of a supernova that contains only neutrons.
Hale Bopp
comet of dirty snowball of frozen rock and ice
universe
consists of many galaxies like our own
3rd law
cool gas in frount of black body produce abosorption lights (opposite of law 2)
Sun spots
cool parts on the sun
sunspots
cooler, dark spots on the sun
1st to believe in heliocentric
copernicus
circluar
copernicus - planets had _____ orbits around the sun
layers of the Sun
core 1st layer, 40% of the sins mass,27 millon* Corona- outer layer, what you see during a sloar eclipse, Photophere-light we see, thin layer, low pressure. Chromosphere- layer that we see during a solar eclipse
prograde rotation
counterclockwise spinning
sunspots
dark areas on the sun's surface
sunspot
dark areas on the sun, cooler than surrounding gases
sunspot
dark cooler region of Sun's surface
sun spots
dark spots on the sun increase and decrease every 11 years
sunspots
dark spots on the suns surface-areas of gas on the sun's surface that are cooler than the gases around them-some of them are bigger than earth
umbra
darker shadom
umbra
darkest part of shadow
Winter has fewer hours of
daylight than fall.
waning
decreasing
gravity
depends on mass and distance,movement of pull an object exerts on another
the hubble is the only telescope ever
designed to be serviced in space by astronauts
speed
determined that planets do not orbit the Sun at the same _______
Jupiter
Which Planet is the Largest?
Earth's rotation
Which motion would cause a constellation to change locations in the night sky throughout the night?
Sun
Which object in our solar system has the most mass?
Which planet is an inner planet?
Which planer is an inner planet?
Uranus.
Which planet is almost totally turned on its axis?
Which planet is an outer planet?
Which planet is an inner planet?
It takes about 165 Earth years to go around the Sun.
Which planet is an outer planet?
Which planet is an outer planet?
Which planet is an outer planet?
Mercury
Which planet is closet to the sun?
Venus. Because it has an atmosphere made of carbon dioxide which traps heat.
Which planet is the hottest? Why?
Pluto
Which planet is the smallest?
Venus
Which planet rotates on its axis in the opposite direction compared to other planets?
Uranus
Which planet's axis of rotation is nearly parallel to its plane of orbit?
earth
life here, one moon
extraterrestrial life
life other than that on earth
extraterrestrial life
life that arises outside of Earth
penumbra
lighter part of shadow
penumbra
lighter shadow
asteroid
located between Mars and Jupiter, ____ belt
galaxy
location where an entire universe is found
summer solstice
longer day
major axis
longest axis of ellipse passes through two foci
prominence
loops of gas that connect sunspots
comets
loose collections of ice, dust and small rocky particles
star
luminous globe of gas (hydrogen and helium) produces its own heat and light
which umbra is larger in a solar eclipse or lunar elipse?
lunar because its the earth making the shadow not the moon and the earth is much larger
Neptune is
made of water hydrogen,and helium
Uranus is
made up of 85 percent hyrogen and 15% of heium(no air) its ring are vertical(up and down)
Mars
many robotic missions have been sent to this "Red Planet."
What is a raido used for
mapping of hydrogen emission
satellite
material or artificial body revolving around another
Europa
may harbor life through vast oceans
Europa
may harbor life through vast ocena
corona
means "crown" in Latin-outer layer of the sun-extends into space for millions of kilometers-looks like a white halo around the sun
eccentricity
measure of roundness of an ellipse
absolute magnitude
measure of the amount of light a star actually gives off.
apparent magnitude
measures how bright the star is to the eye
magnitude
measures the over all brightness of a star
shooting stars
meteorite showers
meteor
meteoroid that burns up in Earths atmosphere-shooting star
meteorites
meteoroids that pass through the atmosphere & hit Earth's surface
meteorites
meteoroids that pass through the atmosphere and strike Earth's surface.
meteorite
meteroid that strikes a planet
neptune and uranus
methane gives these planets their blueish green tint
parallex
method of measuring the distance of stars
chromosphere
middle layer of the sun's atmosphere
chromosphere
middle layer of the sun's atmosphere Greek word "chroma" means color-chromosphere is called the "color sphere"
radiation zone
middle layer of the sun's interior-very tightly packed gas is transferred mainly in the form of electromagnetic radiation-energy can take more than 100,000 years to move through it b/c it's so dense
galaxy
millions/billions of stars held together by gravity
atmosphere
mixture of gas surrounding planet or moon
excitations
molocuers of gas changing energy levels due to the ionized sun
solar eclipse
moon blocks sun
full moon
moon is fully lighted
main sequence star
more than 90% are main sequence stars-with in this area the temperature increases as the absolute brightness increases
asteroid belt
most asteroids orbit the sun in a wide region between the orbits of mars and jupiter called the ......
asteroid belt
most asteroids revolve around the sun between orbits of mars and jupiter
Saturn
most common for its rings, was the first ringed plant, if the plant was in a tub of water, it would flot 6th plant
Saturn is the
most common ringed plant and is made of helium, takes 10 hours to spin on its own axis
Summer has the
most hours of daylight.
main sequence
most stars are this kind of star
Io
most volcanically active place in the solar system
revolution
motion of Earth around Sun-moving along a path
revolution
move around in an elliptical path
Kepler's 2 law
move around the su i a way that creates a imagery line
revolution
movement of one body around another
revolution
movement of one object around another
revolution
movement of the planet around the sun
gas giant
name of one of 4 large, low in density planets
mercury,venus,earth,mars,jupiter,saturn,uranus,neptune,pluto
name the planets in order
Uranus
named after the father of the roman gods( father sky) has 27 moons, could have onced be named dumbbell, its rings are hardly visible, has no north or south pole 7th plant
Neptune
named after the roman god of water, has 13 moons, has a hot rockey core, almost the size of the earth 8th plant
satellites
natural or artificial bodies that revolve around larger bodies like planets
moon
natural satellite that revolves around a planet
super giant
nebula->high mass protostar->high-mass star->super giant->supernova->neutron star/black hole
red giant
nebula->low mass or medium mass protostar->red giant->planetary nebula->white dwarf->black dwarf
pulsars
neutron stars that give off pulses of radio waves
Advantages of Space Exploration
new inventions, new technologies, increased knowledge about space
radiation
next area of the sun, after the core, moving out
sun centered model
nicholas copernicus and galileo galilei saw that the moon revolved around Earth and planets around the sun
Irregular galaxy
no definite shape; may have been involved in a collision with other galaxies
Pluto
no longer a planet, now a "dwarf planet"
mercury
no moons , small closest to sun,
Venus
no moons, hottest planet, atmosphere acts like green house
Earth
obits the sun every 365 days(a year), has more then 10 million life forms 3rd plant
inertia
object will stay moving or at rest unless acted upon by outside force
asteroid
objects revolving around the sun that are too small and too numerous to be considered planets
asteroids
objects revolving around the sun that are too small and too numerous to be considered planets
lunar eclipse
occurs at a full moon when earth is directly between the moon and the sun-during a lunar eclipse, earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon
eclipse
occurs when the shadow of one celestial body falls on another
Olympus Mons
on mars, tallest mountain/volcano, 17miles high, 3 times bigger than Everest
Mars
once had water, longest revolution of the inner planets
astronomical unit
one AU equals earth's average distance from the sun
focus
one of two center points of an ellipse
Mercury Program
one person in each capsule, first exploration into space involving humans, to see if humans can survive in space
prominence
one solar storm
Titan
only moon with a thick atmosphere; Saturn's largest moon
Sun
only star in the solar system
asteroids
orbit the sun and are made of rock and metal
Hiales comet
orbits Sun every 76 yrs
moon
orbits the planets
Gas giants
other than pluto, the outer planets are called this
milky way
our galaxy in a system of about 200 billion stars
corona
outer layer of the sun (crown)
corona
outer layer of the sun's atmosphere
corona
outermost area of the sun's atmosphere
convection
outermost area of the sun's interior,___zone
corona
outermost layer of the sun's atmosphere
convection zone
outermost layer of the sun's interior
ellipse
oval shape
ellipse/elliptical
oval shape of an orbit
main sequence
diagonal pattern of stars
orbit
path a body takes around another body
orbit
path an object takes around another object
supergiant stars
diameters up to 1000 times the diameter of the sun. They're the largest of all stars.
phases
different shapes the noon takes in its orbit
comet
dirty snowball, has a head and a tail
comet
dirty snowball-ice,rock,dust, elongated elliptical orbit
William Herschel
discovered Uranus
oval
discovered that the planet orbits were _____ and that the sun was nost directly in the center of the orbits
motions
planet ______
Earth
planet covered in 70% water
Saturn
planet known for its rings
galileo #2
planet travel around sun
Mercury
planet with no atmosphere, innermost planet
Venus
planet with thick atmosphere of sulfuric acid, highest temperature
galileo #1
planets are like earth
terrestrial planets
planets closest to the sun; solid; smaller planets
outer planets
planets far from the Sun
inner planets
planets near the Sun
Kepler's 1 law
planets travel in elliptical orbit
Solar system includes
planets, moon, asteroids, and comets
order
plato and aristotle - copernicus - galileo - kelper - newton
foci
plural of focus
asteroid belt
pluto probably came from ___
perihelion
point when closest to sun
aphelion
point when furthest away from sun
Venus
poisnes plant, hottest from the poisen acting like a blanket, has more acid per cubic inch than a car bat.. 2nd plant
Name 2 things created because of Space Travel
powdered milk and drink crystals, pocket calculators, dehydrated food, medicine, prosthetic arms
nuclear fusion
process by which stars produce energy
nuclear fusion
process when hydrogen atoms are fused to form helium atoms
ring
disk-shaped feature surrounding the gas giants
eccentricity formula
distance beteween foci divided by length of major axis
light year
distance light travels in one year
our solar system
distances within it are expressed with special units (AUs, light-minutes, or light-hours) because of its large size
our solar system
divided into inner solar system (4 planets closest to the sun) and outer solar system (4 planets farthest from the sun) seperated by the asteroid belt
binary star
double star systems
kuiper belt
doughnut-shaped region that extends beyond Neptune's orbit to about 100 times earth's distance from the sun
mars
dull red 2 moons lots of craters
comet
dust and rock particles combined with frozen water, methane, and ammonia
heliocentric
earth and other planets revolve around the sun
Copernicus (heliocentric)
earth and the other planets revolve around the sun
geocentric
earth centered model
Geocentric
earth in middle
magnetosphere
earth is a giant magnet because it has mass
Ptolemy (geocentric)
earth is the center of the revolving planets and stars
rotation
earth spinning on its axis is known as ??????
geocentric
earth-centered model
Neptune
eighth, atmosphre similar to Uranus, eleven moons, Triton
solar winds
electrically charged particles that stream from the sun's corona and are usually blocked by the Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field
shape of earths orbit
ellipse
kelper
elliptical orbits
supernova
energy released as the star breaks apart in a tremendous explosion
Spectroscopy
entire electromegnectic wavelenght
Sun storm
envole sun spots(spots on the sun) (11 year cycle) and solar flares
solar flare
eruption on the sun's surface
solar flares
eruptions
our solar system
estimated to be almost 5 billion years old
universe
everything that exists anywhere
Cons of solar energy
expencive-$1,000 dollars for one panel, weather affects cells on pannels
big-bang theory
explain how the universe found by the compress matter and energy
solar flares
explosions of hydrogen gas from the sun's surface that occur when loops in sunspot regions suddenly connect and increases the solar wind resulting in an increase in the number of particles that reach the Earth's atmosphere
autumnal
fall
aphelion
farthest point in Earth's orbit of Earth from Sun
apogee
farthest point in Moon's orbit of Moon from Earth
Jupiter
fifth, largest planet, atmosphere is hydrogen and helium, rocky core, great red spot, 61 moons, Io, Europa, Ganymede is largest, Castillio
inner
first ____ planets - small and rocky with iron cores
Disk
flattened area around bulge in Spiral galaxy
What are the three types of probs?
fly-by, landing, and rover
fly-by
flys and dose not land on any surface
Animals have less
food.
frame of reference
for us, the earth is the frame of reference
corona
forms the sun's outer atmosphere and can extend outward a distance equal to 10 - 12 times the diameter of the sun
Asteroids are found...
found orbiting the sun ina belt also around Mars and Jupiter, as well as in the kuiper belt.(near Pluto)
Galileo
found the 4 largest moons of Jupiter
gas giants
four outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
Mars
fourth, red planet- iron oxide makes reddish yellow, ice caps of co2 and water, largest volcano, co2 atmosphere, has seasons, phobos and deimos moons
Core solid or liquid?
from the pressure of the gasses on the surface and the clouds causeing friction, is what causes gaseouse plants to have a liquid core
distance from the sun summer vs. winter
further in summer, closer in winter
coma
fuzzy outer layer of a comet
irregular galaxies
galaxies that don't fit into any other class
telescope
galileo
Neptune
gas giant with blue appearance, Great Dark Spot
Uranus
gas giant, blue appearance, 90 degree titled orbit
Jovian planets
gaseous Jupiter-like planets
johannes kepler
german mathematician
waxing
getting bigger
nebulas
giant clouds of gas and dust
solar flares
giant storms on the surface of the sun
radio telescope
gigantic antennas that receive radio signals
Pros of solar energy
gives off no polution, renewable, quite
H-R diagram
graph showing the relationship between a star's surface temperature and its absolute magnitude
cause of tides
gravitational pull of Moon & Sun
newton
gravity
protostar
great heat given off during nuclear fusion causes a new star to form
earth centered model
greeks believe planets, Sun, and stars rotated around Earth
globular clusters
groups of older stars
constellation
groups of stars in which people at one time thought they saw imaginary figures of animals and people
open clusters
groups of stars that are usually located along the spiral disk of a galaxy
Plants stop
growing
hemisphere
half of a sphere
high and low tides
happen about every 12hours and 25 min.
cyclic
happens in a regular repeating pattern
lunar eclipse
happens when the earth comes between the sun and the moon
solar eclipse
happens when the moon comes between the earth and the sun
Sun
has 99% of mass of the solar system
Give 3 facts about the moon.
has craters, little gravity
spiral galaxies
have a bulge at the center and very distinctive spiral arms
outer planets
have a frozen gas surface and are larger
inner planets
have a rocky surface
Except for Pluto, name 2 characteristics that the outer planets all have.
have rings, made of gas
elliptical galaxies
have very bright centers and very little dust and gas
celestial
having to do with the sky
Hubble Telescope
he renowned orbiting telescope whose discoveries have forever altered our knowledge of the universe
Galileo
he used the newly invented telescope to make discoveries that supported the heliocentric model
greenhouse
heat trapped, ___ effect
craters
holes in the moon caused by things hitting it
stars/sun
hot balls of gas
star
hot, glowing ball of gases
apparent magnitude
how bright a light looks, or appears
solar
how the ____ system formed
gas giants
huge atmospheres-name the 4
prominences
huge, reddish loops of gas
nuclear fusion
hydrogen atoms join together to form helium-occurs under extremely high temperature and pressure
comet
icy body orbiting the Sun
comet
icy body orbiting the sun
Comet
icy object that forms a tail when it gets close to the Sun
maria
igneous rock that form when lava fills up the craters
axis
imaginary line that goes through the north and south pole
spectroscope
important tool that breaks up the light from a distant star into its characteristic colors
Galileo
improved telescope so that it can be used for looking at celestial bodies
Where is a Virturl dish located?
in Socorro, New Mexico
The air is hotter
in summer than in spring.
where is a total eclipse seen?
in the umbra
outer planets
include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto
our solar system
includes 8 planets, dwarf planets, moons, and other small bodies orbiting a central star (the sun)
photosphere
inner layer of the sun's atmosphere
photosphere
inner layer of the sun's atmosphere Greek word "photos" means light-photosphere means the sphere that gives off visible light
terrestrial planets
inner planets that are like earth - small, dense and rocky
nucleus
innermost area of a comet
photosphere
innermost layer of the sun's atmosphere
core
innermost part of the sun
Edwin Hubble
invented the Hubble Space Telescope
inner planets
iron core, move faster
the sun
is a star; ball of hot glowing gases
Hubble Space Telescope
is as big as a school bus, and has been orbiting the Earth for 14 years, it was first drefted in 1977, but was created in1990
core
is at the center of the sun
Solar energy
is energy recived by the earth from the sun
The atmosphere of the sun
is hoter than the sun itself
nuclear fusion
is the process by which two or more nuclei with small masses join together, or fuse, to form a larger more massive nucleus
gravity
is the pull that keeps us on the ground and it also keeps planets in orbit
Mercury
is the smallest and fastest plant, name after the roman gods speed and trade, 1st plant
Give 3 facts about the Sun
it is the closest star to Earth, its fuel is hydrogen, it is the center of our solar system
What is the difference of a lunar eclipse and a solar eclipse
it is the difference of moons, a solar eclipse happens when it is a new moon, while a lunar eclipse happens when it is a full moon.
Why was the Hubble Space Telescope lunched into space?
it was lunched so that it could see more things in space with out the Earth's atmosphere in the way.
Mars
know as the red plant(from the ions) named after the romen god of war, 4th plant
The sun warms our
land, air and water
rover
lands on a surface and can move around
landing
lands on a surface, but does not move
comet
large ball of ice and dust that orbits the sun
planets
large bodies that orbit a sun (star)
planets
large bodies that orbit the sun
comets
large chunks of ice and dust whose orbits can be very long, narrow ellipses
Oort Cloud
large group of comets surrounding solar system beyond Pluto
galaxies
large groupings of stars in space
galaxy
large groups of stars (some with planets), dust, and gas held together by gravity
asteroid
large rocky body orbiting the Sun
Verona Rupes
largest cliff in the solar system. It is on Miranda, a moon of Uranus.
Olympus Mons
largest extict volcano on mars
Ganymede
largest moon in the solar system
Olympus Mons
largest mountain in the solar system. It is on Mars
Maxwell Mons
largest mountain on Venus
Jupiter
largest planet
Jupiter
largest planet great red spot 62 moons
Jupiter is the
largest plant and is made of helium and hydrogr
Raido
largest wavelenght, has shortest frequencies, also has lowest energy of EM-Band
outer
last fice ___ planets - large and lightweight except for Pluto
waning gibbous
left side is mostly lighted except for crescent on right
period
length of time
nuclear fusion
the combining of 2 atomic nuclei to produce a single larger nucleus
black hole
the core of gravity that becomes so strong that not enought light can escape
trajectory
the curved course a probe takes around the planets to increase speed and distance as it travels
umbra
the darkest shadow of the Earth
supernova
the death of a large star by explosion
phases
the different appearances of the moon due to its changing position
What cause the northern light, colors
the different gasses in the sky, and the different dense of ions
phases
the different shapes the moon has in the sky
Eris
the discovery of this body lead to the demotion of Pluto. It is also a dwarf planet
light year
the distance that light travels in a vacuum in 1 year
Light year
the distance that light travels in one year
light year
the distance that light travels in one year
Makemake
the dwarf planet named after the Polynesian creation god
Pluto
the dwarf planet that was once a ninth planet
apparent motion of rising and setting
the earth moves, not the sun or moon
orbit
the earth travels around the sun in a path called an ???
What causes day and night?
the earth's rotation
The Sun
the engine of the solar system with a core temperature of 27 million Fahrenheit
The Sun
the engine of the solar system with a core temperature of 27 million farenheit
Jupiter
the fifth planet from the sun.
gas giants
the first four outer planets
Neil Armstrong
the first person on the moon
gravity
the force of attraction between all masses in the universe
Weight
the force of gravity on an object
gravity
the force that attracts all objects toward one another
Gravity
the force that pulls objects toward one another
Gravity
the force/pull of attraction between two objects
gravity
the force/pull of attraction between two objects
terrestrial planets
the four inner planets, small, dense and have rocky surfaces
outer planets
the four large, gaseous planets farthest from the sun
terrestrial planets
the four planets that have rocky surfaces
Milky Way
the galaxy in which we live
milky way galaxy
the galaxy we live in
lunar eclipse
the hiding of the moon when it passes through the Earth's shadow
solar eclipse
the hiding of the sun when the moon passes between the Earth and sun
Venus
the hottest planet and nearest to Earth
Big bang
the initial explosion that resulted in the formation and expansion of the universe.
Photosphere
the inner layer of the sun's atmoshpere
photoshpere
the inner layer of the sun's atmosphere
photosphere
the inner layer of the sun's atmosphere
photosphere
the inner layer of the sun's atmosphere; the part of the sun that we see
penumbra
the larger part of the shadow-part of the sun is visible from earth
Triton
the largest moon of Neptune; home to nitrogen geysers
Titania
the largest moon of Uranus
Jupiter
the largest plant, has 63 moons, one is named Io,also is the heviest pant, 5th plant
Atmosphere
the layer of gases that surrounds a star or planet
atmosphere
the layer of gases that surrounds a star or planet
frank drake
the lead scientist of the SETI program
matter
the leftover _____ became the planets and asteroids
white dwarf
the leftover center of an old star that is very hot
penumbra
the lighter shadow of the Earth
Oort Cloud
the little-known-about region beyond the Kuiper Belt
Marianas Trench
the lowest area in the solar system. It is on Earth
chromoshpere
the middle layer of the sun's atmosphere
chromosphere
the middle layer of the sun's atmosphere
Chromosphere
the middles layer of the sun's atmosphere
Orion Arm
the minor arm of the galaxy in which our solar system is located
phases
the moon seems to have different shapes because it goes through________.
What are some non-man made satilights?
the moon, Earth, Mars,ect
Haumea
the most recent body to be named as a dwarf planet; the fifth
revolution
the motion around the sun along its orbit is called ???
free fall
the motion of a freely falling objects, the space shuttle orbittng,earth expiriences this
revolution
the movement of an object around another object or point
revolution
the movement of one object around another object
gas giants
the name given to the first four outer planets; Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
terrestrial planets
the name given to the four inner planets; mercury, venus, earth and Mars
Luna
the name of Earth's moon
milky way galaxy
the name of the galaxy in which we live
Polaris
the north star
Eight
the number of planets in the solar system
Ceres
the only dwarf planet in the Asteroid Belt
Dysmonia
the only moon of Eris
geosynchronous orbit
the orbit of a satellite that revolves around Earth at the same rate that Earth rotates
Corona
the outer layer of the sun's atmosphere
corona
the outer layer of the sun's atmosphere
convection zone
the outer most layer of the sun's interior-hot gases rise and eventually cool as they approach the top
What do we mean when we say the moon is waning?
the part you see is growing smaller
Eclipse
the partial or total blocking of one object by another
eclipse
the partial or total blocking of one object by another
neutron star
the particales inside the star become neutrons
orbit
the path a planet takes around the sun.
orbit
the path an object follows as it revolves
orbit
the path an object takes as it moves around another object in space
Orbit
the path of an object as it revolves around another object in space
orbit
the path of an object as it revolves around another object in space
orbit
the path taken during a revolution
Saturn
the planet that could float on water, due to the fact it is primarily hydrogen
Uranus
the planet that is tilted on its side
Neptune
the planet whose largest moon is Triton
Earth
the planet with one moon and a atmosphere of mostly nitrogen and oxygen
gas giants
the planets furthest from the sun; made of gas; biggest planets
My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nuts
the planets mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune
Cassini Spacecraft
the probe currently studying Saturn and its moons
nuclear fusion
the process by which hydrogen atoms join together to form helium, releasing energy
distance
the property created by the space between two objects or points
mass
the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field
scale
the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it
Kuiper Belt
the region of icy bodies beyon Neptune housing most of the dwarf planets
Asteroid Belt
the region of rocky bodies between Mars and Jupiter
asteroid belt
the region of the solar system between Mars & Jupiter where many asteroids are found
meteorite
the remaining material of a meteor that has landed on the ground
Inertia
the resistance of an object to change its motion
Ares
the rockets that will be used for the return to the Moon and journey to Mars
Mercury
the smallest planet and the nearest to the sun
neutron stars
the smallest stars of all
coma
the solid portion of the comet is called _____
Voyager Spacecraft 1 & 2
the spacecraft that journeyed the solar system and are currently somewhere in deep space
Phoenix Lander
the spacecraft that landed on the Martian North Pole in May 2008
speed of light
the speed at which light travels
speed of light
the speed that light travels, 186,000 miles per second
Rotate/Rotation
the spinning motion of a body on its axis
retrograde rotation
the spinning motion of a planet from east to west, opposite to the direction of rotation of most planets and moons
rotation
the spinning motion of a planet on its axis
rotation
the spinning motion of an object on its axis
Rotation
the spinning of an object on its axis
rotation
the spinning of an object on its axis
Milky Way
the spiral galaxy containing the solar system
Solar System
the sun and all the planets, comets, asteroids etc which revolve around the sun
solar system
the sun and the objects that orbit around it
How old is the sun
the sun is about middle age or half way through its life cycle
axis
the sun rotates on, an imaginary vertical line through the center of the sun
Red giant phase
the sun will enter this phase inn about 4-5 billion years
Solar system
the sun with the celestial bodies that revolve around it in its gravitational field
reference point
the sun, and OR other objects in the sky when describing the motion of other objects in space
Newton's first law of motion (inertia)
the tendency of a body to maintain its state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force
inertia
the tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place
Planet
the term used for an object that is in orbit around the sun
planet
the term used for an object that is in orbit around the sun
geocentric theory
the theory that the earth is at the center of the universe and everything revolves around it daily
heliocentric theory
the theory that the sun is at the center of the universe and everything revolves around it daily
Earth
the third planet from the sun, has one moon and is made up mainly of water.
Kepler's 3 law
the time it takes to travel one orbit is its perioid
year
the time taken to complete one REVOLUTION
day
the time taken to complete one ROTATION
greenhouse effect
the trapping of heat by a planet's atmosphere
greenhouse effect
the trapping of heat by the atmosphere
Greenhouse Effect
the trapping of heat by the atmosphere (too much carbon dioxide) which will raise the temperature of the planet
greenhouse effect
the trapping of heat by the atmosphere (too much carbon dioxide) which will raise the temperature of the planet
Deimos and Phobos
the two moons of Mars
Columbia, Challenger
the two space shuttles that ended in tragedy
equinox
the two transitional times between two extreme season, summer and winter
universe
the universe, including Earth, is constantly changing
umbra
the very darkest part of the moons shadow-cone shaped-light from the sun is completely blocked from the moon
Name 3 characteristics that the inner planets all have.
they are smaller, warmer, and made of solid rock-like material
corona
thin outer atmosphere only seen during a solar eclips
Earth
third from the Sun, 150 km from the Sun, water as liquid, solid and gas, 75% water, atmosphere protects surface from radiation and meteors
Jupiter
this planet is the largest and has to most moons
Refracting
this types of telescope uses a lence
Reflecting
this types of telescope uses mirrors
Compound
this types of telescope uses mirrors and lenses
asteroid
thousands of small bodies (rock and iron) that orbit the sun
apallo
three people on each mission, only two would actually walk on the moon. Apallo 11 was the first foot on the moon
what causes seasons?
tilt of the earth
orbit means
to go around
revolve
to move in a circular or nearly circular path around something else
revolution
to orbit around another object
rotate
to spin around
rotation
to spin around one's own axis
What are the four types of solar eclipses?
total eclipse, aunnular eclipse, hybird eclipes, partial eclipse
What are the three types of lunar eclipse
total lunar eclipse, partical eclipse, and penumbra eclipse
greenhouse effect
trapping of heat by the atmosphere
nuclear fusion
two atomic nuclei combine forming a larger, more massive nucleus and releasing energy
mercury and mars
two of the inner planets are ______ and ______
gemeni
two people in each capsule, the goal was to stay in space for two weeks in preperation for a trip to the moon
UFO
unidentified flying object
light year are
units of distance
galileo #3
universe is big
2nd law
user heat, shows emission
galaxy
various sizes and shapes (spiral, elliptical, and irregular)
elliptical galaxy
vary in shape from nearly spherical to flat disks
gas giants
very large planets that don't have any known solid surfaces
meteroid
very small rocky body in space
photosphere
visible area of the sun on a normal day
When Earth rotates
we have day and night.
greenhouse effect traps in all the solar radiation within the atmosphere
what causes the greenhouse effect of earth and venus
dust, water and ice combined making a nebuli. the nubuli spins and condensed and blew up
what is one theory about the formation of the sun
composition
what somethings made of (composed of)
solstice
when a hemisphere is tilted toward the sun
meteorite
when a meteoroid enters Earth's atmosphere and strikes the ground it is known as ....
Eclipse
when a object gets in the way of another objects shadow
retrograde rotation
when a planet spins in a clockwise position
red shift
when a star moving away form Earth appears to be shifted slightly toward the red end
supernova
when a supergiant runs out of fuel, it can explode suddenly-within hours the star blazes millions of times brighter-the explosion is called a supernova
What is the cause of the Aurora Borealis
when atoms are struck by streming eletrons and chang to a higher energy. Atoms can not stay like this for a long time, so they give up some of there energy which is caused by the colliding electrons
meteors
when meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere
meteorites
when meteoroids fall to Earth
solar eclipse
when moon is directly in between sun and earth
lunar eclipse
when moon is opposite of the sun
equinox
when sun hits on the equator
prograde rotation
when viewed from the north pole, earth appears to spin in a counterclockwise position
photosphere
where the gases get thick enough to see
spectrum
white light through a glass prism where you see a rainbow of colors
because it is covered by gas
why cant you see the surface of titan
they are clues as to how our universe was formed
why do scientists study comets, meteoroids, and asteroids
Spring has warmer air than
winter
A season is a time of the
year
Venus
year = 225 earth days Day = 243 Earth days
Does the galaxy move?
yes, the galaxy moves about 600 km per second or 373 miles per second
prominences
reddish loops of gas that link different parts of sunspot regions
What are the three types of a telescope?
refracting, reflecting, compound
Kuiper belt
region beyond the orbit of Pluto
Oort cloud
region of commets that surrounds the SS from about 1000 to 10,000 times the distance between Pluto and the sun
asteroid belt
region of the solar system between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, where many asteroids are found
radiation zone
region of tightly packed gas where energy transferred in the form of electromagnetic radiation
Kuiper belt
region that extends from beyond Neptune's orbit to about 100 times earth's distance from the sun
asteroid belt
region that revolves around the sun in fairly circular orbits between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
Galileo #4
religion :(
Black Hole
remains of massive stars pulled into small volume by gravity
meteorite
remnant of meteoroid found on Earth's surface
waxing gibbous
right side is mostly lighted except for crescent on left
terrestrial planets
rocky Earth-like planets
asteroid
rocky bodies in elleptical orbit between Mars & Jupiter
outer planets
rocky core, move slower
asteroids
rocky metallic objects that orbit the sun but are too small to be considered a planet
asteroids
rocky metallic objects that orbit the sun but are too small to be considered planets
Asteroid
rocky object left over from the formation of the solar system
comets
rocky particles and water ices
Asteroid
rocky space objects around the sun that are too small to be called planets
asteroid
rocky space objects revolving around the sun that are too small to be called planets
terrestrial
rocky surface or ___planet
retrograde rotation
rotating in the opposite direction from most other planets; Venus rotates in this way
ellipse
round shape drawn around two foci
Bulge
round structure with old stars, gas, and dust.
the northern lights can destroy
satilights, GPS, and other things
milky way galaxy
scientists can't view our galaxy, but their measurments make them belive its spiral
Venus
second from the Sun, similar to Earth's size and mass, greenhouse effect- carbon dioxide traps solar energy in the atmosphere of clouds
Mercury
second smallest, closest to the sun, iron core, no atmosphere
stars/sun
seperated by vast and different distances
Uranus
seventh, dark ring, atmosphere of hydrogen, helium, and methane, methane makes bluish green
elliptical
shape of orbits
ellipse
shape of the planets' orbits
contract
shock wabes might have caused the cloud to _____, and the matter was squeezed into less space
winter solstice
shorter day
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
single most important diagram that shows the surface temperature of stars to absolute magnitude
Saturn
sixth, second largest, lowest density, rings, Titan
comet
small body of ice, rock, and cosmic dust loosely packed together
meteor
small pieces of rock burning in Earth's atmosphere
meteroid
small pieces of rock moving through space
meteorite
small pieces of rock striking earth
meteoroid
small rocky body
asteroids
small rocky objects lie in a belt between Mars and Jupiter
Proto-Planet
small spheres of dust and gas that will eventually come together to form the planets
ring
small thin disk of small particles of ice and rock
asteroids
small, rocky bodies in orbit around the sun
meteoroid
small, rocky body orbiting the sun
asteriods
small, rocky, numerous objects
modern view
solar system has sun, nine planets, small objects, and volume of space
nucleus
solid inner core of a comet
object
something you can see or touch
asteroid
space debris caught in between Mar's and Jupiter's gravitational forces
meteor
space debris in the Earth's atmosphere
meteorite
space debris that landed on Earth; it survived Earth's atmosphere
1st law
spectrom that keeps going has no lines
Oort cloud
spherical area just outside the Kuiper belt
rotate
spin on an axis
rotation
spinning of Earth on its axis causing day and night
rotation
spinning of a body on axis
rotation
spinning of an object on its axis
rotates / planet rotation
spins / a planet's rotation is equal to one of its days (that is how long it takes to circle the sun).
vernal
spring
The sun is a
star
quasars
starlike source of light that is extremely far away
main-sequence stars
stars from the area where they fall the most. they make up more than 90% of stars in the sky
helium
stars fuse hydrogen to form this element
stars/sun
stars much larger than our star, the sun, appear much smaller to us because of the huge distance between us and them
white dwarfs
stars smaller than earth
giant stars
stars with diameters about 10 to 100 times as large as the sun
Some animals eat
stored food.
meteor
streak of light in the sky
meteor
streak of light produced as meteoroid burns up while passing through Earth's atmosphere
meteors
streaks of light we see in the sky caused by meteoroids' friction with the atmosphere
solar wind
stream of high energy particles that are released into space in all directions from the sun's corona
solar wind
streams of electrically charged particles
heliocentirc
sun centered model
center
sun is the _______ of the solar system
You can see the what in the sky
sun, stars, and moon
heliocentric
sun-centered system
sunspot cycle
sunspots move across earth's surface-sometimes the loops in sunspot regions suddenly connect, releasing large amounts of magnetic energy, the energy heats the gas on the sun to millions of degrees celsius-causes the gas to erupt into space-called solar flares
What are some man made satilights?
t.v, spy, weather.GPS,communition, Radio, ect
earth
takes one day to rotate
Aurora Borealis is a
tech. term for noethern lights, in latin this dircetly translates to red dawn
inertia
tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place
Fall has cooler air
than summer
universe
the "Big Bang" theory is a model that explains the formation of our universe and why it expands
inner planets
the 4 small, rocky planets closest to the sun
Enceladus
the Cassini spacecraft discovered geysers on this small moon
light year
the DISTANCE light travels in one year, about 6 trillion miles
new moon
the Moon is between Earth and the Sun. None of a new moon can be seen because the lighted half of the Moon is facing the Sun.
Apollo
the NASA program that landed astronauts on Mars
absolute magnitude
the amount of light actually given off of a star
Mass
the amount of matter in an object
period of revolution
the amount of time it takes for a single trip around the sun is called ??
Doppler effect
the apparent change in the wavelengths of light that occurs when an object is moving toward or away from the Earth
astronomical unit
the average distance between the Earth and the sun
solstice
the beginning of each of the most extreme season, summer and winter
solar eclipse
the blocking of sunlight to earth that occurs when the moon is directly between the sun and the earth
meteor
the bright streak of light caused by a meteoroid or comet dust burning up in the atmosphere
Venus
the brightest planet in the sky
sun
the center of the solar system, all the planets revolve around it
core
the central part of the sun, where nuclear fusion occurs
dense
the cloud became more ____, rotated faster, heated up, and flattened to form a disk
spectograph
Used to break visible light from a star into its compnent colors.
Known as Earths Sister Planet because close in space and size
Venus
Outer Planet
Venus
Which planet is called the Earth's twin
Venus
surrounded by thick clouds
Venus
Name the inner planets.
Venus, Mercury, Earth, Mars
Which planet is the hottest and why?
Venus, it has an atmosphere that keeps the heat in
Disadvatages of Space Exploration
Very expensive,creates pollution and dangerous
Ptolemy
Viewed the solar system as Earth Centered
Copernicus
Viewed the solar system as sun centered or heliocentric
Why do we have seasons
We have seasons because of the Earth's tilt on its own axis and the Earth's revolution
Saturn
Well known for its large rings.
Mars. Because its surface is covered in iron oxide (rust)
Whaich planet is known as the red planet? Why is it called that?
Saturn
Whaich planet is the largest?
The Earth's tilted axis
What causes Earth's seasons?
Earth's rotation once every 24 hours
What causes day and night?
Rings
What do all four gas giants have that terrestrial planets do not?
Nickel and Iron core
What do the four INNER planets have in common?
Mostly gas with small liquid or solid center
What do the four OUTER planets have in common?
It means the part you see is growing larger
What do we mean when we say the Moon is Waxing?
It means the part you see is getting smaller
What do we mean when we say the Moon is waning?
Hotter, denser
What happened to the center of the swirling cloud that began to form our solar system (two words)?
Waxing
What is it called when the light on the moon is growing?
Waning
What is it called when the light on the moon is shrinking?
Wind
What is the biggest weathering agent on Mars?
Impact Cratering
What is the biggest weathering agent on Mercury?
Thicker
What is the main difference between the atmosphere of a gas giant and that of a terrestrial planet?
New Moon
What is the name of the phase of the Moon when it is between the Sun and Earth?
Ellipse
What is the scientific term to describe the shape of the orbits of the planets, asteroids, and comets?
Gravity
What keeps all matter grouped together in space?
Visible light
What kind of electromagnetic radiation do optical telescopes collect?
Venus
Evening or Morning star because of brilliant appearance
universe
Everything - earth, planets, sun, stars, and everything that contain.
September
What month does the sun set at the North Pole?
Spring
What season begins in September in Sydney, Australia, which is in the southern hemisphere?
Water Ice
What substance makes up Saturn's rings?
An explosion
What triggered the collapse of a cloud of gas to dust and therby began to form our solar system?
gravitational
What type of weight is responsible for a person's weight
Oh Be A Fine Girl/Guy Kiss Me
What words does OBEFGKM stand for?
Why is the moon red during a total lunar eclipse?
When a lunar eclipse happens, sunlight passes through the Earth's atmosphere before it hits the moon. All the colors mixed together in the sunlight, the red rays of the red light passes through the Earth's atmosphere most easily, making the moon appear red.
Full
When all of the Moon is lit, it is called this.
About 5 billion years ago
When did nuclear fusion begin on the sun?
New
When none of the Moon is lit, it is called this.
Crescent
When the Moon has only a small part that is lit, it is called this.
Gibbous
When the Moon is not quite fully lit, it is called this.
Quarter
When the Moon looks like a circle cut in half, it is called this.
They are made of gas, they are colder and larger
Except for Pluto, name (2) characteristics that outer planets have.
Neptune
Faint rings and is now considered the farthest from the Sun
Neptune
Faint rings ans is now considered the farthest from the sun
red giant
In a star the size of our sun, the atmosphere will grow very large and cool
Solstice
In an orbit, a position and time during which one hemisphere gets its maximum area of sunlight, while another hemisphere gets its minimum amount of sunlight is called what?
Equinox
In an orbit, a position and time in which the sunlight shines equally on the northern and southern hemisphere is called what?
Giants and supergiants
In the late stages of their life cycles, these stars can expand.
spiral
In which galaxy is our solar system?
Halo
Individual old stars and clusters of old stars
Nucleus
Inner layer of a comet
Gravity
Inward acting force of attraction between 2 objects relating to their masses and distance apart.
Jupiter
Io (the most volcanically active object is the solar system) is on if its moons
Jupiter
Io is one of its Moons
Galilean Satellites
Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto
Yes
Is day and night dependent on the speed of the Earth's rotation?
The smallest planet in the solar system.
It gets very hot during the day and very cold at night because it spins very slowly.
It is the seventh planet of the solar system and the third largest.
It has 18 moons.
It completes one orbit of the Sun about every 365 days(one year).
It has seasons similar to our own and the soil is similar to the soil on Earth.
It is the most like Earth than all the planets in our solar system.
It has two small moons.
What planet the do the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core belong to?
It is a star.
It is similar in size as the Earth.
It is covered by layers of clouds that are much thicker than the clouds on Earth.
Fourth planet from the Sun.
It is known as the red planet.
It is the largest planet in our solar system.
It is like a "mini-solar system" because it is so big and has 16 moons.
It has the most moons of any planet, about 23.
It is the only planet less dense than water.
It's temperature gets very, very hot-more than four times hotter than boiling water.
It rotates more slowly than Mercury.
asteroid belt
Formed when a planet was torn apart by Jupiter's gravity.
COMET
Frozen chunk of dust, ice, and gases that orbits the Sun
This planet would float in a swimming pool if there were one big enough to hold it.
It spin very fast, making one day on this planet ten and one-half hours long.
What is the new telescope going to be named
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
Summer Solstice northren hemiphere
June 21
Winter solstice in the southren hemiphere
June 21
Biggest planet in the solar system
Jupiter
The largest planet
Jupiter
Saturn
Gas giant planet = consist mostly of hydrogen & some helium
Energy of a Star
Generated in the Center of a Star
creation
Genesis 1:1" God created the heavans and the earth.
Which planet has a red spot that scientists think is a giant hurricane?
Jupiter
Which planet is the largest
Jupiter
Which planet is the largest?
Jupiter
largest planet;Galiliean satellites
Jupiter
Great Red Spot
Jupiter (a storm that was spotted by Galileo more than 300 yrs ago. The great red spot is about 3X the size of earth.
Gas Giants
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
gas giants
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
4 types of gaseous plants
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Name the outer planets.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Outer Planets
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Outer planets
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto
Outer Planets
Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,Neptune,Pluto
Earth
Known as the blue planet
Smallest star
LHS 4033, abot 3,000 miles across
Nebula
Large cloud of dust and gas gravitational forceon each other causing the cloud to contract and temperature to rise causing fusion.
Gaseous giants
Large gas planets in out solar system. Jupitar, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Galaxy
Large group of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity.
PLANET
Large, ball shaped satellite of a star
Corona
Largest layer of the sun's atmosphere.
Jupiter
Largest planet and has a great red spot
Jupiter
Largest planet.
Galaxy
Gigantic collection of stars
It is the closest star to Earth (93 million miles) it is made of gas and it is not the hottest star.
Give 3 facts about the Sun.
I has no liquid-water, it has a dark side that we can't see, and doesn't have an atmosphere.
Give 3 facts about the moon.
Posiedon
God of water, horses and earthquakes.
Apollo's
Group of asteriods that crosses Earth's orbit.
Trojans
Group of asteroids that crosses Jupiter's orbit.
Local group
Group of more than 2 dozen galaxies.
Solar Eclipse
Happens when there is New moon and the moon blocks the light from the sun to Earth.
Venus
Has an atmosphere of carbon dioxide with sulfuric acid clouds
This planet is like Uranus because it is about the same size, it glow with same blue-green color, and covered with thick clouds.
Has at least 8 moons.
Group of gaseous plants how to tell if it is it
Has to have a ring(does not have to be seable) has eather hydren or hylem and has a gaseous surface
Halley,s Comet
Last seen on earth-1986, seen every 76 years.
YEAR
Length of time a planet takes to make one complete revolution around the sun
DAY
Length of time a planet takes to make one complete turn on its axis
A star that is red is...
Less hot than blue star
Spiral Arm
Long spiral pattern of bright stars, gas, and dust. Spiral arms extend from the center to the edge of the disk of spiral galaxies
Galaxy
Milky way - 100 000 mil stars
Galaxy
Millions or billions of stars held together in a group by their own gravity is called what?
solar eclipse
Moon blocks Sun
lunar eclipse
Moon passes into Earth's shadow
Months are based off of
Moon phases
Oldest star
Mu Chephi, about 13.2 billion years old
They are all made of solid material, they are smaller, and warmer
Name (3) characteristics that the inner planets all have.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto
Name all the planets in order from the Sun.
SUN
Name for the central star in our solar system
red shift
Name for the change in a star's spectrum when it moves away from Earth
comet
Name given to a chunk of ice and rock that travels around the sun.
Spiral, Elliptical, Irregular
Name the 3 types of gallaxies.
OBEFGKM
Name the classes of stars.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Name the eight planets in order from the sun.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
Name the inner planets.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.
Name the outer planets.
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration: an independent agency of the United States government responsible for aviation and spaceflight
GRAVITY
Natural force between objects that makes them pull toward each other
Satellite
Natural object that revolves around a planet
MOON
Natural satellite of a planet
Types of tides-Monthly
Neap tides, where the sun moon and Earth are bent in a 90* angle, Spring tide the sun moon and the Earth sre stright in a 180* angle
NEA
Near Earth Asteroid - Asteroids found between Mercury and Earth's orbits
high winds; blue color
Neptune
Frigid atmosphere because of distance from the sun
Neptune ( -225 degrees Celcius )
What plant is not a plant but is still counted as a plant
Neptune, because it has not cleared its path, Pluto somesimes is in it path
Mercury
No Moons or Atomospheres
Irregular galaxy
No regular pattern. Least common.
Does the Moon give off its own light?Explain.
No. The sun's light reflects on the moon
REVOLUTION
One trip around an orbit
Earth
Only planet to harbor life
moon
Orbits around Earth
gas giants
Other than Pluto the outer planets
5 Billion Years
Our Solar System was created about 5 Billion years ago
Milky Way
Our galaxy in a system of about 200 billion stars
Milky way
Our galaxy.
Solar system
Our sun and all the objects that revolve around it. Approximately 5 billion years old
Coma
Outer layer of a comet composed if gas and dust.
ORBIT
Path an object takes when moving around another object
Orbit
Path followed by an object moving under control of another objects gravity force.
5%
Percentage of matter that became protoplanets.
95%
Percentage of matter that became protosun.
A star that is blue is...
Hotter than a red star
Venus
Hottest planet.
Apparent Magnitude
How bright a star appears to be
thicker
How is the atmosphere of Venus different than the atmosphere of the other terrestrial planets?
365 1/4 days = 1 year
How lon does it take the Earth to orbit the sun?
Revolution
How long it takes an object to revole around another object
Rotation
How long it takes an object to spin on it's own axis
Big Bang Theory
How the universe began
Big Bang Theory
How the universe began is described by
Hubble Deep Fields
Hubble Telescope show that irregular galaxies are more common in distant (early) universes
Nebula
Huge cloud of gases and dust that can be found in many regions of space
Neptune
Planet known as Posiedon in Greek mythology.
Neptune
Planet made of water, ammonia and molten rock.
Mars
Planet most like earth
Jupiter
Planet with great red spot
Mercury
Planet with no aptmosphere.
What is the smallest plant
Pluto
partly ice, partly rock
Pluto
Charon
Pluto's largest moon
Which planet is the smallest?
Pluto, Mercury
Protostars
Pockets of matter that form stars
Pluto
(9)th . A Dwarf planet; one moon - Charon; extremely dark + cold. No atmosphere.
Auntmal Equnoix northren hemiphere
(fall) Sept. 21
Vernal Equniox northren hemiphere
(spring) March 21
What is in the rings around Saturn and Uranus
Ice and rock
Other plants( of the solar system mass)
.2%
changed
Ideas about the night sky have _____ over time
6 pm
If you lived in Florida and a low tide occurred at 6 a.m., approximately when would the second low tide occur at your location?
angular rate of Earth's revolution
1 degree per day
what is one revolution?
1 year
four theories how the moon was formed
1) big asteroid that got caught in gravity 2) while earth was forming moon did too 3) melted materials from volcano that went to space 4) larger object hit earth and things went flying and formed the moon
how did early astronomers know the earth was round?
1) during a lunar eclipse the earths shadow was circular 2) when sailers were coming in to shore you would see the top of the boat first
Moon top speed is
10.3 miles per hour
Blue
11,000 - 50,000c
Jupiter revolution
12 years
Neptune
13 moons
angular rate of Earth's rotation
15 degrees per hour
suns inner temp
15,600,000*c 30mill *f
light year
150mil per second
Neptune revolution
165 years
communicating with ET
1pics 2 radio and tv signals 3 sounds from earth
Mercury
1st planet from the Sun. Is about the same size as the Moon. Has no moons. No atmosphere. It's core is probably made of dense solid metal. No plate or volcanic activity.Its diameter is 2/5 that of our planet. It makes one complete orbit around the Sun every 87.97 days. Rotates on its axis very slowly compared to Earth. It completes one rotation in about 58 days and 15 minutes. Is covered with mountains, craters, ridges and valleys
Mars
2 small moons that were once asteroids from the nearby asteroid belt.
Red
2000 - 3500c
Venus. revolution.
225 days
tilt of axis of earth
23.5 degrees
Mars
24 1/2 Hrs = 1 day 687 Earth days = 1 year
one rotation of earth
24 hours
Uranus
27 moons
length of time for moon to revolve around earth
27.3 days
length of time for moon to rotate on its axis
27.3 days
About how long does it take the moon to travel around the Earth?
28-29 days
Saturn revolution
29 1/2 years
length of time for moon to go through its phases
29.5 days
Venus
2nd planet from the Sun. Is the closest planet to the Earth." Sister Planet". It is about the same size as the Earth. It makes one complete orbit around the Sun every 224.7 days. Rotates on its axis more slowly than any other planet. It completes one rotation in about 243 days and 24 minutes. Is the brightest object in our sky, besides the Sun and Moon. Has no satellites. Hot , dense atmosphere mostly CO2. Clouds are mostly made of droplets of sulfuric acid.It's average temperature is 460 degrees Celsius...hot enough to melt lead. Has an active plate and volcanic surface.
Saturn Moons
34 named moons & other smaller moons found all the time
Earth Revolution.
365 1/2 days
How long does it take Earth to orbit the Sun?
365 1/4 days
length of one revolution
365.25 days
Earth
3rd planet from the Sun. It makes one complete orbit around the Sun every 365.27 days. Rotates on its axis about the same speed as Mars (just a little slower). It completes one rotation in about 23 hours and 56 minutes. Is mostly covered by water (75%). Has a total of 1 satellite (the Moon). Has atmosphere which supports life. Active plate and volcanic activity.
age of Earth and solar system
4.6 billion years
Mars
4th planet from the Sun. Is sometimes called the Red Planet. It makes one complete orbit around the Sun every 686.98 days. Rotates on its axis about the same speed as the Earth. It completes one rotation in about 24 hours and 37 minutes. Has seasons similar to our planet, but they last much longer. Has a total of 2 satellites (or moons).Has thin atmosphere, very cold, with polar ice caps. Has the largest volcano in the solar system. Olympus Mons. No active inner core.
constellation
5 - 20 stars
Yellow
5000 - 6000c
100,00 light years =
5878,630,000,000 miles
Jupiter
5th planet from the Sun. Is the largest of all the planets (gas giant) . Its mass (weight) is over 320 times that of the Earth. Its diameter is over 10 times that of our planet. It makes one complete orbit around the Sun every 11.86 years. Rotates on its axis faster than any other planet. It completes one rotation in about 9 hours and 50 minutes. Is one of the brightest planets. Has a total of 63+ satellites. Has one thin ring. Has a dense atmosphere of hydrogen and helium. "The Great Red Spot" is a storm.
surface temp
60,000*c 10,000*f
White
6000 - 7500c
Saturn
61 moons rings yellow shine
Jupiters Moons
63
Mars revolution.
687 days
Saturn
6th planet from the Sun. A gas giant planet which is surrounded by three planar concentric rings of ice particles and rocks. Is the second largest of all the planets. Its mass (weight) is over 95 times that of the Earth. It makes one complete orbit around the Sun every 29.46 years. Rotates on its axis at a very fast speed. It completes one rotation in about 10 hours and 39 minutes. Has a total of 47+ satellites. Dense atmosphere of hydrogen and helium..
Blue White
7500 - 11000
Earths Atmosphere
77% nitrogen, 21% oxygen & traces of argon, carbon dioxide & water.
Uranus
7th planet from the Sun . (Greenish Blue)Is composed mainly of hydrogen and helium gases. It is 4 times bigger than of the Earth. It makes one complete orbit around the Sun every 84 years. Rotates on its axis about the same speed as the Neptune. It completes one rotation in about 17 hours and 14 minutes. Can sometimes be seen with the naked eye. Has a total of 27+ satellites. Is a "gas giant". It rolls on it's side,on its axis, which is opposite to the rest of the planets poles in position. Has rings.
Uranus revolution
84 years
mercury. revolution.
88 days
Neptune
8th planet from the Sun. (Blue)Is very similar to Uranus in size. Its mass (weight) is over 17 times that of the Earth. Makes one complete orbit around the Sun every 164.79 years. Rotates on its axis about the same speed as Uranus. It completes one rotation in about 18 hours and 26 minutes. Has a weather system that is very active. Some storms with winds of 400 miles per hour have lasted for hundreds of years on its surface. Has a total of 13+ moons/satellites.
Venus
97 % atmosphere is Carbon Dioxide
The sun is (of the solar system mass)
99.8%
What are the 2 parts that failed on the hubble
Imaging spectrograph and advanced camera for surveys
craters
A bowl-shaped depression in the earth made by a meteor hitting land.
Galaxy
A bunch of starts, gas, and dust.Held together by gravity.
Meteoroid
A chunk of rock or dust in space.
Nebula
A cloud of Dust and Gas
Galaxy
A cluster of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity
Hale-Bopp comet
A comet that appeared in 1997 that was bright enough to see with out a telescope
gasses
A comet's tail is formed of what coming off the comet due to solar winds?
Red giant
A cool but large red star found in the upper right corner of the HR diagram.
Mercury
A crater covered planet that is closet to the Sun
Sunspot
A dark, cooler region on the surface of the sun.
rotation
A day is the time it takes Earth to make one ________________.
Black Hole
A dense collapsed core with a very strong gravitationsl pull that forms when a very massive star becomes a supernova
Protostar
A dense pocket of matter that is the beginning of a star
Heliocentric system
A description of the solar system in which all of the planets revolve around sun.
Geocentric System
A description of the solar system in which all planets revolve around earth.
Telescope
A device that gathers visible light or another form of electromagnetic radiation is called what?
White Dwarf
A dim star that forms froma collapsed red giant
Ellipse
A elongated circle, or oval shape, the shape of the planets orbit.
Elliptical galxy
A galaxy shaped like a football. Most common.
Trojans
A group of Asteriods found near Jupiter
Centaurs
A group of Half Comet/Half Asteriods found in orbit between Saturn and Uranus
solar system
A group of planets and their moons that orbit a central star.
constellation
A group of stars that form a pattern in the sky.
constellation
A group of stars that have been given a definite name.
Constellation
A grouping of stars named by astronaomers based on the shape and grouping.
Nebula
A huge cloud of gases and dust
Comet
A large ball of Ice and Dust in space. Will create a tail when it nears the Sun
galaxy
A large group of stars that are separated from other sets by a lot of space.
Gas Giant
A large planet that consists mosly of gases in a dense form is called what?
Gas giant
A large planet that consists mostly of gases in a dense form. The four large planets in the outer solar system- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Solar system
A large planetary system that consists of a combination of many smaller planetary systems and objects.
Solar Wind
A large planetary system that consults of a combination of many smaller planetary systems and objects.
Asteroid
A large rock in space.
Prominence
A loop of gas that protrudes from the sun's surface, linking parts of sunspot regions.
Sunspot
A magnetic storm on the sun's surface which appears as a dark spot
Black hole.
A massive object so dence that no light can escape it.
apparent
A measure of the amount of light received on Earth.
Absolute magnitude
A mesure of a stars true brightness.
Meteorite
A meteoroid that has hit earth's surface.
Terrestrial Planet
A name given to the four inner planets.
Satellite
A natural object that revolves around a planet
moon
A natural satellite that revolves around a planet.
Star Stage 1
A nebula begins to collapse and form clumps of spinning gases
Planet
A non luminus object illuminated by light from a star. Such as our sun around which this revolves.
astronaut
A person who is trained to be a crew member in a spacecraft.
asteroid
A piece of rock that orbits the sun between Mars and Jupiter
Saturn
A planet known for its beautiful rings.
Saturn
A planet with the most moons
Saturn
A planet with thousands of rings
Star Stage 2
A protostar froms as matter condenses
Sojourner
A robot that gathered info about rocks
Asteroids
A rockey fregment left over from the formations of the solar system
Ellipse
A round shape with a major and minor axis
spacecraft
A ship designed for travel in space beyond the earth's atmosphere.
White dwarf
A small hot white star found in th lower left of the HR diagram.
Satellite
A small objectthat orbits a larger one.
Rotation
A spinning motion of a planet about its axis.
Retrograde Rotation
A spinning of a planet from east to west.
SOLAR SYSTEM
A star and all the satellites that orbit it
Sun
A star made up of gases and gives energy to the solar system.
Neutron star
A star mostly made of neutrons. Dense spins fast...Like speed racer.
sun
A star that is the center of the solar system. All the planets revolve around it. All planets receive their light and heat from the sun.
Solar System
A star with objects revolving around it is
Solar System
A start with objects revolving around it
solid
A state of matter. It takes on a specific form, unlike liquids or gases.
gases
A state of matter. Not a solid or a liquid. Gases have no fixed shape and take on the shape of the space they're in.
Meteor
A streak of light in the sky produced by the burning meteoroid in the sky
Space probe
A vehicle sent into space to explore places too dangerous for people.
revolution
A year is the time it takes Earth to make one___________.
28 days/1 month
About how long does it take the moon to travel around the Earth?
Venus
About the same size as Earth
Universe
All matter and energy that exit make up the
It is closer to us than other stars are.
All of the planets and moon fit inside it
Universe
All the matter and energy that exists
Parallax
An apparent shift in position of an object when viewed from different locations
Supernova
An enormous explosion of a giant star
Eclipse
An event during which one object in space cases a shadow onto another is called what?
Red Giant
An expanded star, with cooling outer layers
Solar flare
An explosion of hydrogen gas from the sun's surface that occurs when loops in sunspot regions suddenly connect.
axis
An imaginary line around which a planet rotates, or spins.
Star Stage 3
An increase in pressure at the center of a protostar causes nuclear reactions as matter condenses
telescope
An instrument that makes images that are far away seem larger.
black hole
An object so dense that nothing can escape its gravity field.
Dwarf planet
An object that has an orbit around the sun, has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to form nearly round shape, has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit and is not a satellite.
satellite
Another name for a moon.
Terra
Another name for the earth
Helios
Another name for the sun
star
Any heavenly body, except the moon, that appears as a fixed, brightly lit point in the sky at night.
Satellite
Any object that revolves an object in space.
planet
Any of the nine, large heavenly bodies that revolve around the sun.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptuen
Are called Gas Giants
No
Are the phases of the moon dependent on the speed of the Earth's rotation?
No
Are the seasons dependent on the speed of the Earth's rotation?
Yes
Are the tides dependent on the speed of the Earth's rotation?
Uranus moons
At least 22
Meteor
Atmosphere
Mars
Atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide
Venus
Atmospheric Pressure is 92 X stronger than that of earths
Rings
Bands of dust and ice found circling the outer planets
Neptune
Blue-green color due to methane in atmosphere
CRATER
Bowl-shaped hole made by an object hitting another object
Emission Lines
Bright lines that are made when certain wavelengths of light are given off, or emitted, by hot gases
metors
Bright strek of light that briefly are in the sky
METEOR
Brightly burning meteoroid falling through a planet's atmosphere
Comet parts 3
Brod dust tail- thick, made out of rock, dust and ice
name 1 astronaut
Chris Hadfield or Julie Payette or Dave Williams
comets
Chunks of ice and dust whose orbits can be very long, narrow ellipse.
Andromeda
Closest Spiral Galaxy (2.2 million light years away)
Mercury
Closest planet to the sun - Scorching HOT...FREEZING cold
Mercury
Closet to sun and has craters
Mercury
Closet to the sun and has craters
Comet parts 2
Coma-Bright cloud
bigger
Compared to meteroids, asteroids are ___________?
Types of tides daily
DECRIDES the types of tides- there are high tides and low tides
Saturn
Day = 10 1/2 hrs Year = 29 1/2 Earth years
Summer Solstice in the southren hemiphere
December 21
Winter Solstice northren hemiphere
December 21
Craters
Depressions left in the rocky surfaces of planets due to impacts
Edwin Hubble
Discovered the galaxies are moving AWAY from each other
light years
Distance in space are measured in _______________.
Light year
Distance light can travel in a year.
No. The Moons light comes from the Sun.
Does the Moon give off its own light? Explain your answer.
Umbra
During a lunar eclipse, the Moon eventually moves into complete darkness. This is because it is moving into this part of the Earth's shadow.
Penumbra
During a lunar eclipse, the Moon first gets slightly less bright as it moves into this part of the Earth's shadow.
Outer Planet
Earth
This planet supports life
Earth
Which planet do we know has life on it?
Earth
protected by ozone
Earth
lunar eclipse
Earth blocks moon
Explain why we have seasons
Earth revolves around the Sun and the Earth is tilted on its axis. When we are tilted closer to the sun it is warmer (summer, spring) and when we are tilted away it is colder (winter, fall)
AU
Earth's average distance from the Sun, which is approximately 150 million kilometers.
composition
Earth's composition is mostly rock and 3/4s of the surface is covered with water
What causes Earth's seasons?
Earth's tilt on its axis
geocentric
Earth-centered system
terrestrial planets
Earth-like planets-name the 4
Terrestrial Planets
Earthlike planets are also called this
who is the hubble named after
Edwin Hubble
Neptune
Eighth & farthest planet from the sun
Which planet is an inner planet?
End
STAR
Enormous ball of glowing gas that gives off heat and light
Sun, Earth and 7 other planets
Make up the solar system
sun
Makes life on our planet possible by giving us great amounts of light and heat. Contains about 98% of the mass of the entire Solar System. Is just a medium sized star (yellow dwarf). It is about 1.4 million kilometers in diameter. Is the center of our Solar System. All the planets and other objects orbit around it. Is very gaseous, and made up mostly of hydrogen. Contains darkspots that are known as sunspots.
Autmnal equinox in the southren hemiphere
March 21
Outer Planet
Mars
The red planet
Mars
Which planet is called the red planet
Mars
two polar ice caps
Mars
Red planet
Mars (because of iron oxide rich soil)
Which planet is known as the "red planet" and why is it called that?
Mars, because of it's redish surface
Dust
Material left over from a supernova explosion
Gas
Material left over from a supernova explosion
59 Earth days to rotate once = 1 day
Mercury
88 Earth Days to travel around sun
Mercury
Closest Plan to the sun
Mercury
Crater covered planet
Mercury
Outer Planet
Mercury
Which planet is closest to the Sun?
Mercury
planet closest to Sun
Mercury
Inner Planets
Mercury Venus Earth Mars
8 planets in order from the sun
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
The Nine planets in order from the sun are
Mercury Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto
Smalled of the Terresrial Planets
Mercury and it only takes 3 months to revolve around the son
inner Planets
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are all
Inner Planets
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Name all the planets in order from the Sun.
Mercury,Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto
Inner Planets
Mercury,Venus,Earth, Mars
METEORITE
Meteor that reaches a planet's surface without completely burning up
Sun storms helpcause
Northren lights
stars/sun
Nuclear fusion makes sun's energy
Comets parts 1
Nucleus-soild part of comet
SATELLITE
Object that revolves around a larger object
Asteroids
Objects revolving around the sun to small & numerous to be considered a planet.
Lunar Eclipse
Occurs only when there is full moon, the Earth blocks the light from the sun.
Universe
Of solar system, galaxy, universe, and planet, which is the largest?
Planet
Of solar system, galaxy, universe, and planet, which is the smallest?
Tectonics and Volcanism
Of the four processes that shape a planet's crust, which two occur because a planet is hot inside?
Mars Volcano
Olympus Mons (largest in the entire solar system)
Second largest object in the Kuyper belt
One fact about the dwarf panet, Makemake.
Elipsoid
One fact about the dwarf planet, Ceres.
Largest dwarf planet
One fact about the dwarf planet, Eris.
Not spherical
One fact about the dwarf planet, Houmaea.
Composed of rock and ice
One fact about the dwarf planet, Pluto.
Temperature and Color
Two things of a start that are closely linked
Gravity, Inertia
Two things that keep the planets in orbit around the sun.
Light years
Unit astronomers use to describe distance to a star
Light Year
Unit used to measure distance between stars
Age of the Milkey Way
Unknow, might be as old as the oldest star
Dark Matter
Unseen Matter that takes up 80-90% of the universe and does not interact with light; may cause gravitation
Blue color result of gas called Methane
Uranus
Which planet is almost totally turned on its axis?
Uranus
bluish-green color; 21 moons
Uranus