Sonography female pelvis 1
The corpus luteal cyst resolves completely by week -----------when the placenta takes over progesterone production.
14-16
Ovarian follicles grow at a rate of -------------mm per day prior to ovulation.
2-3
The dominant follicle normally reaches a maximum diameter of ------------just prior to ovulation.
2.5-3.0cm
The normal menstrual cycle lasts --------------days.
28
Average size nulliparous uterus is:
7-8 x 3-5 x 3-5cm
----------------is the widest and longest portion; egg fertilization normally occurs here; most ectopics occur in this segment:
Ampulla
The gonadal arteries are a branch of the ------------and supply the majority of the arterial blood to the ovaries.
Aorta
The ---------------is a "permanent" layer of endometrial tissue that serves as a source for cell regrowth for the functionalis layer.
Basalis layer
---------------is the mid -section of the uterus that has great flexibility to expand with pregnancy.
Body AKA corpus
Wing like folds of the peritoneum extending to lateral pelvic walls, separates pelvic cavity into anterior and posterior portions is called:
Broad ligaments
-----------is highly innervated area that lies below the junction of the labia majora.
Clitoris
-------------------is a condition in which a body orifice or passage in the body is abnormally closed or absent
Congenital occlusion of the vagina or subsequence adhesion of the walls of the vagina occluding it.
---------------- is when the cervix is midline while uterine body is flexed to the right is called:
Dextroflexion
------------------is when the uterus and cervix displaced to the right is called:
Dextroposition
Graafian follicle is another term to describe a--------------------------.
Dominant, secondary follicle
The sonographic appearance of a patient in day 8 of their menstrual cycle?
Early proliferative phase, day 5-8 = thin line
----------------- opening from cervix to vagina.
External os
The greater pelvis is also known as the --------------pelvis, and it contains-------------.
False, bowel
Prepubertal uterus corpus is 1/3 the length of the cervix. T/F?
False, ½
The ----------------refers to the endometrial layer that is sloughed off during menstruation.
Functionalis layer
The spiral arteries supply the ------------layer and the straight arteries supply the ---------------of the endometrium.
Functionalis, basalis layer
----------------- is the most superior portion of the uterus where the cornua extend into the fallopian tubes.
Fundus
--------is performed by injecting dye through the uterus and into the fallopian tubes to determine patency of the tubes.
Hysterosalpinogram
The right ovarian vein empties directly into the --------------.
IVC
------------ - contains fimbriae; trumpet shaped end opens into pelvic peritoneal cavity.
Infundibulum
The uterine artery originates from the anterior branch of the--------------------.
Internal iliac artery
------------- opening from uterus (body) into cervix
Internal os
-------------------short section that passes thru uterine wall.
Interstitial - AKA intramural
--------------- - lower portion of the corpus connected to the cervix.
Isthmus
---------------is middle portion of fallopian tube.
Isthmus
------------is outer lips or flaps of skin covering vaginal opening
Labia Majora
----------is the inner lips or flaps of skin covering vaginal opening, smaller than major labia
Labia Minora
The sonographic appearance of a patient in day 13 of their menstrual cycle?
Late proliferative phase day 10-14 = thicker hypoechoic, 3 lines
The left ovarian vein empties into the ---------------
Left renal vein
The bladder can sometimes push the ovaries out of the field of view on a transvaginal exam. If the bladder starts to refill during the TV exam, then what do you do?
Let the patient empty and try to find the ovaries again.
The ------------------- and ------------------- muscles form the floor of the pelvis
Levator ani and coccygeus
--------------is when the cervix is midline while uterine body is flexed to the left is called:
Levoflexion
---------------is when uterus and cervix displaced to the left is called:
Levoposition
-------------is an imaginary line connecting superior sacrum to symphysis pubis
Linea Terminalis
The ----------------is identified in the pregnant uterus and refers to the segment of the uterus between the body and the cervix.
Lower uterine segment
--------------refers to the onset of menstruation.
Menarche
-------------------- is free margin of the broad ligament where fallopian tube travels.
Mesosalpinx
---------------is portion of the peritoneum connecting anterior ovary to posterior broad ligament
Mesovarium
------------is fatty prominence covering the symphysis pubis
Mons Pubis
Congenial uterine anomalies are caused by improper formation, fusion, separation or absence of the:
Mullerian ducts
The suspensory and broad ligaments are composed of -----------------------
Peritoneum
The -------------gland and ------------------gland of the brain produce hormones that influence the ovaries.
Pituitary, hypothalamus
The pouch of Douglas is also called the------------ and it is located---------------
Posterior cul-de-sac, It is fold of peritoneum between the cervix and the rectum.
The corpus luteal cyst secretes ----------------which helps maintain and develop the pregnancy.
Progesterone
------------------originates in lumbar vertebral region, connects w/ iliacus muscle to form iliopsoas muscle
Psoas muscle
---------------------refers to the process that includes menarche, thelarche and other changes like pubic hair growth.
Puberty
-------------forms anterior wall of abdominopelvic cavity, extends from xiphoid to symphysis.
Rectus abdominis muscle
Culdocentesis is performed to:
Removal of fluid from the pelvic cul-de-sac.
Fibromuscular bands extending from uterus to labia majora and helps maintain normal uterine position is called:
Round ligaments
The sonographic appearance of a patient in day 21 of their menstrual cycle?
Secretory phase, day 15-28 = thick hyperechoic
The ---------------is located between the bladder and the pubic bone.
Space of Retzius
The bowl is located in which pelvis:
The bowel is mainly located in the false pelvis.
If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum becomes:
The corpus albicans
-------------is the inner lining of the uterus that is sloughed off in menstruation.
The endometrium
---------is the most inferior structure, forms the floor of the pelvis, has 3 openings for urethra, vagina and rectum
The levator ani muscle
---------------is the muscle layer of the uterine wall that contracts and expands during delivery.
The myometrium
The average size of a normal ovary in premenopausal women is ------------------ and its volume is ------------------:
The normal ovary measures 3 x 2 x 1cm and has a volume of 6 - 13cc.
-----------located laterally at the acetabulum, triangular sheet, covers anterior and lateral walls
The obturator internus muscles
Mittleschmertz refers to:
The pain associated with ovulation
------------is the outer layer of the uterine wall and is composed of fibrous connective tissue.
The perimetrium
----------------------------is superior and lateral to levator ani muscles, originates from sacrum
The piriformis muscles
Band of fibrous tissue and muscle extends from upper lateral cervix to lateral pelvic wall and contains the uterine and a vaginal vessel is called:
Transverse Cervical Ligament of Mackenrodt
Estrogen stimulates the endometrium to thicken before ovulation. T/F?
True
If fertilization does not occur, progesterone levels decrease and menses occurs. T/F?
True
Increasing progesterone levels with pregnancy cause the cervical mucous to "dry up" and the cervix to tighten leading to mucous plug formation. T/F?
True
Multiparous premenopausal uterus corpus is at least 2 times the length of the cervix. T/F?
True
Neonatal uterus corpus is much shorter than the cervix. T/F?
True
Nulliparous premenopausal uterus corpus is the same length as the cervix. T/F?
True
Postmenopausal uterus - corpus / cervix ratio remain the same as premenopausal uterus but overall organ atrophies. T/F?
True
Progesterone stimulates endometrial thickening in the secretory phase for possible implantation. T/F?
True
Progesterone stimulates the endometrial proliferation in the secretory phase, after ovulation occurs. T/F?
True
Smaller branches of the uterine artery anastomose with branches of the ovarian artery to supply some blood to the ovaries. T/F?
True
The arcuate arteries encircle the periphery of the uterus. T/F?
True
The length and the depth (AP) measurements of the uterus can be obtained on a sagittal image. T/F?
True
The uterine artery branches from the hypogastric artery. T/F?
True
Width and depth (AP) measurements of the uterus can be obtained on a transverse image. T/F?
True
----------------- demonstrates two separate uterine bodies, cervices and vaginal canals
Uterine didelphys
The levator ani muscle can be identified on a pelvic ultrasound as the flat muscle extending laterally on both sides of the -----------------
Vagina
The ovary is normally found in the Fossa of--------------.
Waldeyer
An anteflexed uterus refers to:
When the uterine body folds to form a sharp angle anteriorly with the cervix.
A retroflexed uterus refers to:
When the uterine body folds to form a sharp angle posteriorly with the cervix.
. An anteverted uterus refers to:
When the uterine body forms a slight angle anteriorly with the cervix.
A retroverted uterus refers to:
When the uterine body forms a slight angle posteriorly with the cervix.
The ----------------is located anterior to the bladder and called the ----------------space.
retropubic, Space of Retzius
The uterine perimetrium is also called the ---------------------------.
serosa, serous coat