Sonography female pelvis 1

The corpus luteal cyst resolves completely by week -----------when the placenta takes over progesterone production.

14-16

Ovarian follicles grow at a rate of -------------mm per day prior to ovulation.

2-3

The dominant follicle normally reaches a maximum diameter of ------------just prior to ovulation.

2.5-3.0cm

The normal menstrual cycle lasts --------------days.

28

Average size nulliparous uterus is:

7-8 x 3-5 x 3-5cm

----------------is the widest and longest portion; egg fertilization normally occurs here; most ectopics occur in this segment:

Ampulla

The gonadal arteries are a branch of the ------------and supply the majority of the arterial blood to the ovaries.

Aorta

The ---------------is a "permanent" layer of endometrial tissue that serves as a source for cell regrowth for the functionalis layer.

Basalis layer

---------------is the mid -section of the uterus that has great flexibility to expand with pregnancy.

Body AKA corpus

Wing like folds of the peritoneum extending to lateral pelvic walls, separates pelvic cavity into anterior and posterior portions is called:

Broad ligaments

-----------is highly innervated area that lies below the junction of the labia majora.

Clitoris

-------------------is a condition in which a body orifice or passage in the body is abnormally closed or absent

Congenital occlusion of the vagina or subsequence adhesion of the walls of the vagina occluding it.

---------------- is when the cervix is midline while uterine body is flexed to the right is called:

Dextroflexion

------------------is when the uterus and cervix displaced to the right is called:

Dextroposition

Graafian follicle is another term to describe a--------------------------.

Dominant, secondary follicle

The sonographic appearance of a patient in day 8 of their menstrual cycle?

Early proliferative phase, day 5-8 = thin line

----------------- opening from cervix to vagina.

External os

The greater pelvis is also known as the --------------pelvis, and it contains-------------.

False, bowel

Prepubertal uterus corpus is 1/3 the length of the cervix. T/F?

False, ½

The ----------------refers to the endometrial layer that is sloughed off during menstruation.

Functionalis layer

The spiral arteries supply the ------------layer and the straight arteries supply the ---------------of the endometrium.

Functionalis, basalis layer

----------------- is the most superior portion of the uterus where the cornua extend into the fallopian tubes.

Fundus

--------is performed by injecting dye through the uterus and into the fallopian tubes to determine patency of the tubes.

Hysterosalpinogram

The right ovarian vein empties directly into the --------------.

IVC

------------ - contains fimbriae; trumpet shaped end opens into pelvic peritoneal cavity.

Infundibulum

The uterine artery originates from the anterior branch of the--------------------.

Internal iliac artery

------------- opening from uterus (body) into cervix

Internal os

-------------------short section that passes thru uterine wall.

Interstitial - AKA intramural

--------------- - lower portion of the corpus connected to the cervix.

Isthmus

---------------is middle portion of fallopian tube.

Isthmus

------------is outer lips or flaps of skin covering vaginal opening

Labia Majora

----------is the inner lips or flaps of skin covering vaginal opening, smaller than major labia

Labia Minora

The sonographic appearance of a patient in day 13 of their menstrual cycle?

Late proliferative phase day 10-14 = thicker hypoechoic, 3 lines

The left ovarian vein empties into the ---------------

Left renal vein

The bladder can sometimes push the ovaries out of the field of view on a transvaginal exam. If the bladder starts to refill during the TV exam, then what do you do?

Let the patient empty and try to find the ovaries again.

The ------------------- and ------------------- muscles form the floor of the pelvis

Levator ani and coccygeus

--------------is when the cervix is midline while uterine body is flexed to the left is called:

Levoflexion

---------------is when uterus and cervix displaced to the left is called:

Levoposition

-------------is an imaginary line connecting superior sacrum to symphysis pubis

Linea Terminalis

The ----------------is identified in the pregnant uterus and refers to the segment of the uterus between the body and the cervix.

Lower uterine segment

--------------refers to the onset of menstruation.

Menarche

-------------------- is free margin of the broad ligament where fallopian tube travels.

Mesosalpinx

---------------is portion of the peritoneum connecting anterior ovary to posterior broad ligament

Mesovarium

------------is fatty prominence covering the symphysis pubis

Mons Pubis

Congenial uterine anomalies are caused by improper formation, fusion, separation or absence of the:

Mullerian ducts

The suspensory and broad ligaments are composed of -----------------------

Peritoneum

The -------------gland and ------------------gland of the brain produce hormones that influence the ovaries.

Pituitary, hypothalamus

The pouch of Douglas is also called the------------ and it is located---------------

Posterior cul-de-sac, It is fold of peritoneum between the cervix and the rectum.

The corpus luteal cyst secretes ----------------which helps maintain and develop the pregnancy.

Progesterone

------------------originates in lumbar vertebral region, connects w/ iliacus muscle to form iliopsoas muscle

Psoas muscle

---------------------refers to the process that includes menarche, thelarche and other changes like pubic hair growth.

Puberty

-------------forms anterior wall of abdominopelvic cavity, extends from xiphoid to symphysis.

Rectus abdominis muscle

Culdocentesis is performed to:

Removal of fluid from the pelvic cul-de-sac.

Fibromuscular bands extending from uterus to labia majora and helps maintain normal uterine position is called:

Round ligaments

The sonographic appearance of a patient in day 21 of their menstrual cycle?

Secretory phase, day 15-28 = thick hyperechoic

The ---------------is located between the bladder and the pubic bone.

Space of Retzius

The bowl is located in which pelvis:

The bowel is mainly located in the false pelvis.

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum becomes:

The corpus albicans

-------------is the inner lining of the uterus that is sloughed off in menstruation.

The endometrium

---------is the most inferior structure, forms the floor of the pelvis, has 3 openings for urethra, vagina and rectum

The levator ani muscle

---------------is the muscle layer of the uterine wall that contracts and expands during delivery.

The myometrium

The average size of a normal ovary in premenopausal women is ------------------ and its volume is ------------------:

The normal ovary measures 3 x 2 x 1cm and has a volume of 6 - 13cc.

-----------located laterally at the acetabulum, triangular sheet, covers anterior and lateral walls

The obturator internus muscles

Mittleschmertz refers to:

The pain associated with ovulation

------------is the outer layer of the uterine wall and is composed of fibrous connective tissue.

The perimetrium

----------------------------is superior and lateral to levator ani muscles, originates from sacrum

The piriformis muscles

Band of fibrous tissue and muscle extends from upper lateral cervix to lateral pelvic wall and contains the uterine and a vaginal vessel is called:

Transverse Cervical Ligament of Mackenrodt

Estrogen stimulates the endometrium to thicken before ovulation. T/F?

True

If fertilization does not occur, progesterone levels decrease and menses occurs. T/F?

True

Increasing progesterone levels with pregnancy cause the cervical mucous to "dry up" and the cervix to tighten leading to mucous plug formation. T/F?

True

Multiparous premenopausal uterus corpus is at least 2 times the length of the cervix. T/F?

True

Neonatal uterus corpus is much shorter than the cervix. T/F?

True

Nulliparous premenopausal uterus corpus is the same length as the cervix. T/F?

True

Postmenopausal uterus - corpus / cervix ratio remain the same as premenopausal uterus but overall organ atrophies. T/F?

True

Progesterone stimulates endometrial thickening in the secretory phase for possible implantation. T/F?

True

Progesterone stimulates the endometrial proliferation in the secretory phase, after ovulation occurs. T/F?

True

Smaller branches of the uterine artery anastomose with branches of the ovarian artery to supply some blood to the ovaries. T/F?

True

The arcuate arteries encircle the periphery of the uterus. T/F?

True

The length and the depth (AP) measurements of the uterus can be obtained on a sagittal image. T/F?

True

The uterine artery branches from the hypogastric artery. T/F?

True

Width and depth (AP) measurements of the uterus can be obtained on a transverse image. T/F?

True

----------------- demonstrates two separate uterine bodies, cervices and vaginal canals

Uterine didelphys

The levator ani muscle can be identified on a pelvic ultrasound as the flat muscle extending laterally on both sides of the -----------------

Vagina

The ovary is normally found in the Fossa of--------------.

Waldeyer

An anteflexed uterus refers to:

When the uterine body folds to form a sharp angle anteriorly with the cervix.

A retroflexed uterus refers to:

When the uterine body folds to form a sharp angle posteriorly with the cervix.

. An anteverted uterus refers to:

When the uterine body forms a slight angle anteriorly with the cervix.

A retroverted uterus refers to:

When the uterine body forms a slight angle posteriorly with the cervix.

The ----------------is located anterior to the bladder and called the ----------------space.

retropubic, Space of Retzius

The uterine perimetrium is also called the ---------------------------.

serosa, serous coat