South Asia Review
The ___________ were peoples speaking Indo-European languages based in modern-day Iran.
Aryans
The modern-day Islamic state of _________ is where Muslims arrived at the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta and spread their faith.
Bangladesh
A Muslim would have likely moved from Pakistan into India during partition.
False
The border between Afghanistan and Pakistan is well secured by the Pakistani military.
False
The four-lane superhighway known as the _________ will connect all four anchors of India's urban system.
Golden Quadrilateral
The Ganges, Indus, and Brahmaputra rivers all have their origins in the ______________.
Himalayas
India, China, and the United States are involved in a strategic competition for control of the ______ Ocean Basin.
Indian
The triangular subcontinent divides the northern ________ Ocean.
Indian
Known for its uncompromising stand on nonviolence and vegetarianism, the indigenous religion of ____________ is a form of Hinduism.
Jainism
In the river lowlands physiographic region, the __________ in Pakistan is known as the Land of Five Rivers.
Punjab
Northern India was invaded by peoples who spoke _________, a language related to Old Persian.
Sanskrit
The United States is trying to defeat the _______ in Afghanistan, but its efforts are being thwarted by Pakistan's inability to secure the border.
Taliban
The process of tectonic collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates is still occurring today.
True
"Indirect rule" was a British strategy that allowed local rulers to stay in power as long as they extracted desired trading agreements.
True
A Hindu would have likely moved from East Pakistan into India during partition.
True
China claims the bulk of the territory of the Indian State of Arunachal Pradesh because it disputes the border agreed to by Tibet in 1914.
True
Eventually South Asia was exporting raw materials and importing European manufactured products.
True
If a population has a high proportion of people who are too old or too young to be productive, it is known as the demographic burden.
True
In wetter monsoon areas of eastern India and Bangladesh, rice is grown as a staple crop.
True
It has been suggested that India's economy will become the world's third largest by 2020.
True
Pakistan does not seem to fit in the South Asian realm due to its religion—Islam.
True
Pakistan was the site of South Asia's earliest urban civilizations, whose innovations radiated into India.
True
The Himalaya Mountains block the flow of air into the Asian interior.
True
The Indian Ocean Basin is geopolitically significant because of its strategic importance for access to markets and for location of naval bases.
True
The Indian government officially abolished castes at independence, but the system has proved hard to dismantle.
True
The Indus River and its tributaries swelled in the summer of 2010, flooding fully one-quarter of the country.
True
The United States is one of the players in South Asia's delicate geopolitical chess game.
True
The conflict over Kashmir has intensified in the past few years.
True
The early incarnation of the caste system was based on social divisions by occupation and likely included a racial strain.
True
The majority of Indian Muslims are not involved in extremist causes, such as terrorism.
True
The separation of India and Pakistan resulted from a major political crisis as British India moved toward independence.
True
Trade with Southeast Asia was taken over from Indian, Arab, and Chinese traders by the East India Company.
True
When did Islam begin its spread overland into South Asia? a) 10th century b) 13th century c) 16th century d) 18th century
a) 10th century
What percentage of South Asian people have attained middle-class status? a) 25 b) 50 c) 75 d) 100
a) 25
What makes the migration following British India's partition so exceptional? a) A large number of migrants moved in a very short period of time. b) Most were "voluntary" migrants with the means and ability to move. c) Most migrants were "forced" to move as they sensed a threat. d) The numbers of migrants was larger going out of India than entering.
a) A large number of migrants moved in a very short period of time.
Which is the religion of the majority of Sri Lankans? a) Buddhism b) Islam c) Hinduism d) Jainism
a) Buddhism
What is the name of the largest plateau region in South Asia? a) Deccan Plateau b) Central Indian Plateau c) Chota Nagpur Plateau d) Ghats Plateau
a) Deccan Plateau
Which of the following is true about India's economic prospects? a) It will need to vigorously expand secondary industries. b) It will become the world's sixth largest economy in 2020. c) It will benefit from uncomplicated internal politics to attract foreign investment. d) It will economically develop evenly, with each province advancing equally.
a) It will need to vigorously expand secondary industries.
Why does the United States put pressure on the Pakistani government? a) Its efforts to fight the Taliban are thwarted by Pakistan's inability to secure its border. b) It relies on Pakistan to help maintain possession of Kashmir and keep it out of Indian hands. c) Its interests in Pakistan relate to the possible presence of vast oil fields in the Punjab. d) It demands that Pakistan become a secular state in order to better fight terrorism.
a) Its efforts to fight the Taliban are thwarted by Pakistan's inability to secure its border.
What is the modern-day name of Bombay? a) Mumbai b) Madras c) Chennai d) Kolkata
a) Mumbai
What role did South Asia have in Britain's Industrial Revolution? a) South Asia supplied raw materials to British factories. b) South Asia was the actual site of British manufacturing. c) South Asia was crucial competition for British industry. d) South Asia provided manual labor for British industries.
a) South Asia supplied raw materials to British factories.
What is the largest religious group in Pakistan? a) Sunni b) Hindu c) Sikh d) Shia
a) Sunni
Which of the following is an accurate description of the "indirect rule" strategy employed by the British in South Asia? a) They left local rulers in place and coerced them to offer preferable trade agreements. b) They allowed local rulers to choose trade agreements from several favorable options. c) They would punish local rulers if they did not implement desirable trade agreements. d) They circumvented local rulers and negotiated trade agreements directly with villagers.
a) They left local rulers in place and coerced them to offer preferable trade agreements.
At the end of which war could South Asian demands for self-rule and independence no longer be denied? a) World War II b) the U.S. Civil War c) World War I d) the Cold War
a) World War II
What sector of the economy provides more jobs in India than any other? a) agriculture b) information technology c) heavy industry d) manufacturing
a) agriculture
What is one of the ways that China is expanding into the Indian Ocean Basin? a) by extending military power by building navy bases in Bangladesh b) by building large floating defense walls across most of the Basin. c) by using the Indian Ocean Basin as a large industrial waste dump. d) by forcing coastal countries of the Indian Ocean to open their ports.
a) by extending military power by building navy bases in Bangladesh
Which of the following is the one thing that South Asian governments should invest in to lessen their population burden and increase productivity? a) education b) housing c) agricultural technology d) infrastructure
a) education
For a poor person, what does a city in South Asia have that a rural area certainly does not have? a) opportunity b) food c) family d) culture
a) opportunity
Which of the following is the best description of a monsoon? a) seasonal rains b) large ocean wave c) intense tropical downpours d) a hurricane in the Indian Ocean
a) seasonal rains
Where are South Asia's mountains dry and barren? a) west near Afghanistan b) west near Bangladesh c) east near Bangladesh d) east near Afghanistan
a) west near Afghanistan
In what year did East India officially become part of the British colonial empire? a) 1957 b) 1857 c) 1975 d) 1875
b) 1857
What percentage of India's total population is urbanized or lives in cities and towns? a) 3 b) 30 c) 50 d) 80
b) 30
When did Buddhism emerge in South Asia? a) 100 BC b) 500 BC c) 1500 BC d) 5100 BC
b) 500 BC
What modern-day Islamic state was established by Muslims who arrived by sea? a) Afghanistan b) Bangladesh c) India d) Pakistan
b) Bangladesh
Where does the moist air that forms a monsoon over the North Indian Plain originate? a) Arabian Sea b) Bay of Bengal c) Ganges River d) Caspian Sea
b) Bay of Bengal
Which of the following is largely responsible for the modern-day political boundaries in the South Asian realm? a) mountain ranges b) British rule c) oceans and seas d) monsoon rains
b) British rule
What body of water is of strategic importance to both India and China? a) Arabian Sea b) Indian Ocean c) Persian Gulf d) Bay of Bengal
b) Indian Ocean
Which of the following is one of Pakistan's unifying characteristics that its governments have turned to for a common bond? a) language b) Islam c) social class d) All choices are correct. e) None of the choices are correct.
b) Islam
What effect does the practice of gendercide have on a population? a) It increases the practice. b) It leads to an unnatural gender bias. c) It leads to a policy to support the practice. d) It leads to a natural gender allocation.
b) It leads to an unnatural gender bias.
Which of the following is true about India's energy problems? a) The supply of electricity exceeds available demand. b) Most electricity comes from unsafe nuclear power. c) Millions of villagers have no electrical supply at all. d) Exporting electricity runs into geopolitical problems.
b) Most electricity comes from unsafe nuclear power.
Which of the following sources of tension between India and Pakistan has raised global concern? a) India and Pakistan were on opposite sides during the Cold War. b) Pakistan and India have been in an arms race that is now nuclear. c) India and Pakistan are still in conflict over Jammu and Kashmir. d) Pakistan and India have similarly- sized Muslim populations.
b) Pakistan and India have been in an arms race that is now nuclear.
What is the name of the disputed territory between Pakistan and India? a) Punjab b) Ceylon c) Kashmir d) Bengal
c) Kashmir
Which of the following is true about Pakistan's role in the global struggle against terrorism? a) Pakistan is a strong global leader against terrorism in and beyond its borders. b) Pakistan is entangled with the priorities of the West in the fight against terrorism. c) Pakistan's entire population supports its partnership with the West. d) Pakistan is effectively combating domestic terrorist attacks on its cities.
b) Pakistan is entangled with the priorities of the West in the fight against terrorism.
In addition to South Asia, in what other world realm has India sought alliances as a response to Chinese actions in the Indian Ocean? a) Southwest Asia b) Southeast Asia c) Europe d) the Austral Realm
b) Southeast Asia
Why did Pakistan name its capital Islamabad? a) because it proclaims that Islam is bad b) because it proclaims its Muslim foundation c) because it proclaims Kashmir is Muslim d) because it proclaims India should be Muslim
b) because it proclaims its Muslim foundation
What term describes the system of power-ranking that is based on class and is legitimized through religion? a) religious stratification b) caste system c) social system d) caste stratification
b) caste system
What type of job is associated with the process of outsourcing? a) manufacturing b) information technology c) heavy industry d) agriculture
b) information technology
What physical geographic feature is critical to Indian agriculture? a) soil b) monsoon c) rivers d) sunshine
b) monsoon
According to Figure 8B-6, what is the most dominant crop in the eastern part of the Ganges River Valley in India? a) wheat b) rice c) millet d) cotton e) corn
b) rice
Into which body of water do most of the rivers on the Deccan Plateau flow? a) the mouths of the Ganges b) the Bay of Bengal c) the Gulf of Khambhat d) the Gulf of Kutch
b) the Bay of Bengal
Figure 8A-4 shows that the Indus Valley civilization was located in which of South Asia's physiographic regions? a) the Northern Mountains b) the River Lowlands c) the Southern Plateaus d) the Eastern Highlands e) the Central Grasslands
b) the River Lowlands
What is one explanation for the emergence of social stratification in northern India? a) to urbanize city-states b) to solidify the powerful position of Aryans c) to create a social ladder for advancement d) to legitimate religious beliefs
b) to solidify the powerful position of Aryans
Which of the following describes the Indus Valley civilization? a) agricultural b) urban c) desert d) religious
b) urban
In what year did British India's partition occur? a) 1931 b) 1944 c) 1947 d) 1951
c) 1947
What proportion of India's population still lives on and from the land? a) 1/3 b) 1/2 c) 2/3 d) 3/4
c) 2/3
What percentage of South Asia's population is rural? a) 20 b) 40 c) 70 d) 90
c) 70
Figure 8A-7 shows that the territory called Aksai Chin is currently under what country's political control? a) India b) Pakistan c) China d) Afghanistan e) Nepal
c) China
Which of the following represented the British Empire in South Asia and had economic control as its main purpose? a) West India Company b) English India Company c) East India Company d) British India Company
c) East India Company
Which mountain in South Asia has the world's tallest peak? a) K2 b) Ismoili Somoni c) Everest d) Jongsong
c) Everest
What is India's official language? a) English b) Punjabi c) Hindi d) Gujarati
c) Hindi
What language family does Sanskrit belong to? a) Austro-Asiatic b) Dravidian c) Indo-European d) Sino-Tibetan
c) Indo-European
Which of the following is true about the railroad system in India? a) It covered most of the entire country. b) It only connected cities on the coast. c) It linked interior areas with seaports. d) It was extensive only in the south.
c) It linked interior areas with seaports.
What religion is a form of Hinduism, having emerged alongside it since ancient times? a) Sikhism b) Buddhism c) Jainism d) Islam
c) Jainism
According to Figure 8A-8, which country's per-capita economic growth declined in the early 2000s? a) India b) Pakistan c) Nepal d) Bhutan e) Bangladesh
c) Nepal
In what country is the terrorist group responsible for the most recent attacks in India located? a) Bangladesh b) India c) Pakistan d) Afghanistan
c) Pakistan
Which of the following is true about the relationships between the United States, India, and Pakistan? a) The United States is unsympathetic to the world's largest democracy, India. b) The United States needs India as its main South Asian ally in counterterrorism. c) The United States is reluctant to choose a side in the difficult Kashmir conflict. d) The United States does not have a real geopolitical relationship with Pakistan.
c) The United States is reluctant to choose a side in the difficult Kashmir conflict.
Which international organization helped to establish a cease-fire line between India and Pakistan in Kashmir? a) NATO b) OPEC c) UN d) IMF
c) UN
What is the physical geography or terrain of Kashmir? a) desert b) grasslands c) mountains d) forest
c) mountains
What is Bangladesh particularly vulnerable to? a) economic crashes b) terrorist attacks c) natural hazards d) industrial pollution
c) natural hazards
What term describes the process of U.S. information technology jobs being sent to India? a) job exporting b) IT export c) outsourcing d) IT sourcing
c) outsourcing
Which climate type does the high-elevation Himalaya mountain range resemble? a) arid b) temperate c) polar d) tropical
c) polar
Where in South Asia did Buddhism arise? a) the mouths of the Ganges b) the Indus River Valley c) the Ganges Basin d) the Deccan Plateau
c) the Ganges Basin
What is the name of the cease-fire boundary that divides Pakistan's Kashmir from India's Jammu and Kashmir state? a) the Demilitarized Zone b) the Truce Boundary c) the Line of Control d) the Partition Border
c) the Line of Control
What event caused the British to enforce the production of cotton in western India? a) World War II b) the American Revolution c) the U.S. Civil War d) the Napoleonic Wars
c) the U.S. Civil War
During the U.S. Civil War, _______ production was encouraged and enforced by the British in South Asia.
cotton
What is Pakistan's total population? a) 7.5 million b) 13.7 million c) 19 million d) 193 million
d) 193 million
When did the Indus Valley civilization emerge? a) 200 BC b) 500 BC c) 1500 BC d) 2500 BC
d) 2500 BC
Which of the following is the first atmospheric condition that leads to the Asian monsoon? a) Moisture builds up in the air over the subcontinent. b) A high-pressure system develops over the subcontinent. c) Moisture is squeezed out over the subcontinent. d) A low-pressure system develops over the subcontinent.
d) A low-pressure system develops over the subcontinent
What groups of people has Buddhism appealed to both in the past and today? a) ancient Hindu kings b) Southeast and East Asians c) lower-caste Hindus d) All choices are correct. e) None of the choices are correct.
d) All choices are correct.
Where do dalits suffer the most severe discrimination and harshest treatment by higher castes? a) in urban slums b) in rural towns c) in urban high-rises d) in rural villages
d) in rural villages
What happened after British colonialists saw existing Indian industry as competition? a) India began importing products from Europe. b) India's local industries were forced to decline. c) India began exporting raw materials to Europe. d) All choices are correct. e) None of the choices are correct.
d) All choices are correct.
What has recently been eroding the Hindu system of social stratification, especially in India's bigger cities? a) globalization b) economic growth c) urbanization d) All choices are correct. e) None of the choices are correct.
d) All choices are correct.
Where were Muslims found in South Asia prior to partition? a) The majorities were in western British India. b) The majorities were in eastern British India. c)Small scattered clusters existed throughout South Asia. d) All choices are correct. e) None of the choices are correct.
d) All choices are correct.
Which of the following explains the connection between high-elevation mountains and large rivers in the South Asian realm? a) monsoon rains b) seasonal snow melt c) high-relief drainage d) All choices are correct. e) None of the choices are correct.
d) All choices are correct.
Which of the following is a symptom of the failures of Pakistani governments? a) no improvement in literacy rates or health conditions b) weakness of national institutions, such as collection of taxes c) more Pakistanis joining nonsecular, Islamic parties d) All choices are correct. e) None of the choices are correct.
d) All choices are correct.
Which of the following is true about India's Muslim population? a) It is a rapidly growing minority. b) It is almost as large as Pakistan's total population. c) It is the world's largest cultural minority. d) All choices are correct. e) None of the choices are correct.
d) All choices are correct.
Which of the following is true about South Asian megacities? a) They have very high densities. b) They have poor environmental conditions. c) They have dramatic contrasts between rich and poor. d) All choices are correct. e) None of the choices are correct.
d) All choices are correct.
Why is Pakistan considered part of the South Asian realm? a) Ethnic continuity links it with India. b) English is the lingua franca, as it is in India. c) It evolved as part of the British Empire. d) All choices are correct. e) None of the choices are correct.
d) All choices are correct.
Why is the caste system so highly controversial in the West? a) It justifies structural inequality. b) It offers no hope for advancement. c) It determines lower castes by past lives. d) All choices are correct. e) None of the choices are correct.
d) All choices are correct.
What two tectonic plates collided to create the Himalaya Mountains? a) Indian and European b) Eurasian and Asian c) Indian and Asian d) Eurasian and Indian
d) Eurasian and Indian
Which of the following is the main reason that the border between Tibet and Arunachal Pradesh is disputed by China? a) It was never officially agreed to by either India or China due to the mountainous terrain. b) It was stolen from the Chinese by the exiled Dalai Lama who says India is his home. c) It was determined by the United Nations as the cease-fire line to settle the 1962 war. d) It was decided by the previously independent Tibet, which is now under Chinese control.
d) It was decided by the previously independent Tibet, which is now under Chinese control.
Which of the following is true about urbanization in India? a) Cities attract only those Indian migrants who have job opportunities in the city. b) The rate of urbanization has stabilized, similar to that of the developed West. c) India is a fully urbanized society, with over 80 percent of its people in cities. d) Migrants often settle in squatter settlements with others from the same locality.
d) Migrants often settle in squatter settlements with others from the same locality.
What group in South Asia was already promoting the idea of a separate state as early as the 1930s? a) Hindus b) Buddhists c) Sikhs d) Muslims
d) Muslims
Over what South Asian country does the monsoon begin to dry out? a) Bhutan b) Bangladesh c) India d) Pakistan
d) Pakistan
The East India Company controlled trade between South Asia and what other world realm? a) East Asia b) Southwest Asia c) West Asia d) Southeast Asia
d) Southeast Asia
What other world realm did Hinduism reach following its birth in and spread across South Asia? a) Southwest Asia b) East Asia c) the Austral Realm d) Southeast Asia
d) Southeast Asia
What terrorist group effectively manages the northwestern border of Pakistan? a) al-Qaeda b) Lashkar-e-Taiba c) Jamaat-e-Islami d) Taliban
d) Taliban
Which of the following is true about the way the caste system functions? a) The dalits are the highest caste, accounting for 15 percent of all Hindus. b) The belief in reincarnation allows movement from a lower to higher caste. c) Persons of a certain caste have a lot of flexibility in their choice of clothes or occupation. d) There are thousands of castes in the system, and some castes have millions of people.
d) There are thousands of castes in the system, and some castes have millions of people.
Which of the following is true about the Maldives? a) They consist of 300 islands with over 1000 square kilometers. b) They are virtually 100 percent Buddhist. c) They have an elevation that will withstand global warming. d) They are a wealthy, tourist mecca.
d) They are a wealthy, tourist mecca.
How does China offer strategic support to Pakistan—to the dismay of India? a) by building hydroelectric dams in Pakistan b) by making military weapons deals with Pakistan c) by making favorable trade deals with Pakistan d) by building nuclear power plants in Pakistan
d) by building nuclear power plants in Pakistan
Where do most of South Asia's impoverished people live? a) cities b) beaches c) mountains d) countryside
d) countryside
Which of the following will help keep geopolitical maneuverings in the Indian Ocean in check? a) growing military competition b) growing cultural interdependence c) growing territorial controversies d) growing economic interdependence
d) growing economic interdependence
Which of the following do many South Asian farmers rely on for a good harvest? a) money b) fertilizer c) labor d) rainfall
d) rainfall
Global warming could eventually lead to a _________ in the size of glaciers and in melt water to the great rivers.
decrease
According to Figure 8A-3, which of these locations benefits LEAST from the summer monsoon rains in South Asia? a) the Western Ghats b) the North Indian Plain c) the Ganges Delta d) Bangladesh e) Pakistan
e) Pakistan
In South Asia, more than ____ of the entire workforce is employed in agriculture.
half
The timing and abundance of India's _______ is absolutely critical for agricultural harvests each year.
monsoon
The Hindu belief in _______ informs the rigidity of the caste system as it becomes inappropriate to counter such ordained caste assignments.
reincarnation
Governments in South Asia must aim their economic policies to improve agricultural productivity so that it will raise the standard of living in _____ areas.
rural
The troubled ______ industry provides most of Bangladesh's foreign revenues.
textiles