SP20-BIOL1131-001 Ch 01 HW MAP

Which numbered image in the figure would represent the level of organization corresponding to a protein molecule?

2 A protein molecule is formed from the combination of many atoms.

Which numbered arrow in the figure represents the net movement of nitrogenous wastes and excess ions?

4 Excess nitrogenous waste and excess ions are removed from the blood and eliminated from the body by the excretory system.

Using figure, match the following descriptions to the most appropriate letter on the diagram.

A: A change in the temperature of the external environment (getting colder). B: Free nerve endings in the skin detect changes in skin temperature (getting colder). C: Information about body temperature is sent through afferent pathways to the brain. D: Appropriate response information is sent through efferent pathways. E: Skeletal muscles respond with shivering reflex which provides heat to return the body's temperature to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" value.

Which of the following best demonstrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function?

Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits. The principle of the complementarity of structure and function states that what a structure can do depends on its specific form. For example, bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits.

Digestion includes breaking substances into their simpler building blocks, synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substances, and using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP.

False This is the definition of metabolism (not digestion). Metabolism is a broad term that includes all chemical reactions that occur within body cells. It includes breaking substances into their simpler building blocks (e.g., breaking down glycogen into molecules of glucose), synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substances (e.g., building a protein from amino acids), and using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP. Digestion is the breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.

Which of the following organ systems is involved in the uptake and transport of materials required for life-sustaining processes? I. Digestive system II. Urinary system III. Nervous system IV. Circulatory system V. Reproductive system VI. Respiratory system

I, IV, VI Correct. The digestive and respiratory systems bring nutrients required for metabolism to the circulatory system to be transported around the body

Type I diabetes is caused when an individual does not produce insulin. Which of the following statements regarding insulin is TRUE?

Insulin controls blood sugar. Insulin causes a negative feedback loop in response to high blood sugar.

Type I diabetes is caused when an individual does not produce insulin. The following statements regarding insulin are FALSE

Insulin is the receptor that triggers a positive feedback mechanism, which controls blood-sugar levels, it blocks a negative feedback mechanism involving blood-sugar levels, and without insulin, the body is never able to detect changes in blood sugar.

Which of the following best defines anatomy?

It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships with one another. Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships with one another.

Which of the following is true of negative feedback mechanisms?

The effect opposes the original stimulus or reduces its intensity. Most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback mechanisms. In these systems, the effect opposes (counteracts) the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.

Why is the figure considered to be an example of a negative feedback system, as opposed to a positive feedback system?

The figure illustrates the correction of an imbalance back to a baseline. Negative feedback, even though it sounds like a bad thing, is what keeps your body systems within a proper working range by reversing trends that wander away from a set point.

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of anatomical study, the rest are from a physiological perspective. Select the description below that comes from an anatomical perspective.

The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium.

Lungs carry out an excretory function.

True

Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them.

True

Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance.

True

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy.

gross

Which materials are exchanged between blood and cells, as depicted by the set of arrows labeled 5 in the above figure?

nutrients, waste products, carbon dioxide, oxygen - *all of the listed responses are correct.* The set of arrows labeled 5 represent both the essential materials required for cellular metabolism (nutrients and oxygen) and the waste products generated as a byproduct of cellular metabolism (including organic molecules and carbon dioxide).

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) ________.

organ

Which level of structural organization is considered to be the highest level?

organismal

Which materials are exchanged between blood and cells, as depicted by the set of arrows labeled 5 in the figure?

oxygen, nutrients, waste products, carbon dioxide - *All of the listed responses are correct.* The set of arrows labeled 5 represents both the essential materials required for cellular metabolism (nutrients and oxygen) and the waste products generated as a by-product of cellular metabolism (including organic molecules and carbon dioxide).

When a baby suckles at its mother's breast the stimulus at the breast is sent to the mother's brain (a region called the hypothalamus). The brain responds by releasing hormones to stimulate the production and the ejection of milk from the breast. This helps the newborn to receive nourishment and encourages more suckling. This example is best described as a ________.

positive feedback

With regards to a variation of a physiological value from its set point or normal limit, negative feedback always __________ the value back to the set point or normal limit.

returns Regardless of the direction of the initial disturbance, returning to the original set point or normal limit is negative feedback.

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback?

the formation of a platelet plug during blood clotting In order to prevent blood loss, the body needs a mechanism that amplifies the action that leads to clotting in a short period of time. This cascade or enhancement of a process is a positive feedback mechanism.

Which of the following represents the correct order in which the components interact in a homeostatic control system?

the receptor, the control center, and the effector Regardless of the factor or event being regulated-the variable-all homeostatic control mechanisms are processes involving at least three components that work together. The first component, the receptor, is a sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes by signaling (providing input to) the control center. The control center compares the input to the set point, which is the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained, and signals the appropriate effector(s). The effector produces the effect (change) that counteracts the initial problem (stimulus).