Span 3900 Final Exam

The institution of black (African) slavery existed in the Americas for about

350 years.

The Spanish Colonial period lasted about

400 years.

Some of the causes of the Mexican Revolution would include The unequal distribution of land. All of the above The increasingly intolerant dictatorship. The desire of the middle class to participate in the country's affairs.

All of the above

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo addressed which of the following provisions concerning Mexicans living in the newly conquered areas? Freedom of religion. All of the above Choice between U.S. and Mexican citizenship. Guarantee of property rights.

All of the above

The most important Spanish colonial institutions included the Church the Crown (Viceroy) the Military All of the above

All of the above

Nahuatl is the language of the

Aztecs

These represented a bewildering array of perceived racial mixtures

Casta paintings

Rather than the "Discovery" of the New World, many people prefer the term

Encounter

A maquila (maquiladora) is a U.S. industrial center that hires recent immigrants from Mexico at relatively high wages.

False

Columbus made only one voyage to the New World he had "encountered."

False

Latino immigration drains public resources such as education and government services.

False

NAFTA trade policies have slowed Mexican immigration to the U.S.

False

All of these statements describe Pancho Villa except: He was the famous general of the Division of the North. He attacked the United States (Columbus, New Mexico). He was assassinated shortly after the end of the Revolution. He became President of Mexico after the Revolution.

He became President of Mexico after the Revolution.

All of these statements describe Emiliano Zapata except: He was a beloved leader. He continues to be a symbol of social justice today. Many of his followers believed that he wasn't assassinated. He benefited financially from the war.

He benefited financially from the war.

How did Cortés deal with Doña Marina (La Malinche) at the end of her dedicated service?

He gave her away to another Spanish soldier.

The largest and most extensive pre-Columbian empire of South America was the

Inca

The term pachuco refers to

Mexican-American youth who has both U.S. and Mexican culture traits.

The capital of the Aztecs was Tenochtitlan, which today is

Mexico City

When Cortés first entered the Aztec capital, he was greeted by

Moctezuma

The dictatorship that preceded the Mexican Revolution was that of

Porfirio Díaz

During the long colonial period, the ethnic group with the most privileges were the

Spaniards

The criollos (Creoles) were children of

Spanish born in the New World

The first New World culture that Columbus met was the

Taíno

The native culture of many Caribbean islands, including Cuba, was the

Taíno

In what war did Mexico lose approximately one half its territory?

The Mexican-American War

After 1898 to the early 1930's the U.S.'s relations with Latin America commonly included gunboat diplomacy and financial arm-twisting.

True

After the Spanish and the Indians, the third major ethnic group to form Spanish American society was the African.

True

At the time of the Encounter, the indigenous population of the Americas was about 60 million.

True

Bartolomé de Las Casas was a faithful advocate of Indian rights.

True

Both Spaniards and Indigenous peoples wrote down records of pre-Colombian literature after the conquest as a means of preserving the ancient beliefs of the Indians.

True

From March to May 2006, approximately 4 million Latinos in major cities in the U.S. openly protested U.S. immigration policy.

True

In "Slaughter House", Echeverria exploits this symbolism of slaughter in order to expose the injustices of dictatorship in an indirect, but powerful manner.

True

In 1810, the criollos in the Americas began to resort to armed conflict as the only way to win independence from Spain.

True

In Harvest of Empire one of the five suggested changes in national policy is one that recognizes the rights of language minorities and promotes the study of Spanish.

True

In general, the Indians blended Catholicism and tribal beliefs to their advantage.

True

In the 18th Century, Spanish America identity was facilitated by declining power in Spain.

True

Los Ángeles California is the second most populous Spanish-speaking city in the world behind only Mexico City.

True

Mexican immigrants have historically been viewed as easily deportable labor.

True

Much of the success of United States' 19th Century growth was the result of Anglo conquest of parts of Spanish-speaking America.

True

One hundred years after the Encounter, only about two million Native Americans remained in the Western Hemisphere.

True

One major reason why Latino immigration will continue is the economic condition in Latin America.

True

Puerto Ricans are citizens of the U.S.

True

Puerto Rico's relationship with the U.S. was unique among Latin American countries because it became a colony of the U.S.

True

Racial mixing in Spanish America consisted mainly of Europeans, Native Americans, and West Africans.

True

San Martín and Bolivar were heroes in the South American wars of independence.

True

Some Mexican officials see a direct link between drug trafficking and NAFTA.

True

Spain saw conversion of the Indians to Christianity as a justification of conquest.

True

The Monroe Doctrine (1823) declared the Americas off-limits to any new European interference or colonization.

True

The Porfiriato refers to the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz of Mexico.

True

The Slaughter House takes place during the regime of General Rosas

True

The Spanish Indies in general refers to the New World sphere of influence of Spain.

True

The U.S. is the 5th largest Spanish-speaking country in the world with close to 42 million Spanish speakers

True

The caudillo, or military leadership, was used in 19th century in Latin America to maintain the status quo, i.e. the land and riches belonged in the hands of a few powerful people.

True

The intellectual of the 19th century looked to Europe trying to find answers to Latin American problems.

True

The main argument of Harvest of Empire is that the U.S. economic and political domination over Latin America is the underlying reason for the massive Latino presence here in the U.S.

True

The rebellion of independence in Mexico was unique because it was sparked by a criollo priest, Miguel Hidalgo.

True

There are people of Mexican descent who have been living in what today is the U.S. since before there was a United States.

True

U.S. intervention into Cuban internal affairs essentially ended when Fulgencio Batista became dictator.

True

The Bracero program

allowed the importation of temporary farm workers from Mexico

According to Fray Bartolomé de las Casas,

his fellow Spaniards were mistreating the native cultures of the New World.

When Mexican-American soldiers returned from the battlefields of World War II,

many refused to accept the pre-war status quo of discrimination and segregation.

Children of European and Native Americans parents are referred to as

mestizos

The most important and difficult slave industry in the New World was

sugar

Cortez conquered the Aztec Empire.

true

The Indian depopulation was due mainly to European diseases for which the Indians had no immunity, slavery and torture.

true