SPCM 201 Final

Which of the following is not one of Stafford and Canary's five types of communication strategies in maintenance?

Acknowledgements

Compromise

Angelina tells Brad that she is fine with his insistence that they go to the movies, in place of her hopes to go the the opera, as long as he gives us his hopes of going to Pizza Hut first, and they go to Carino's for dinner instead.

What is the term for what is achieved when the ratio of inputs to outputs is the same for both partners?

Equity

Which of Knapp and Vangelisti's stages of relational escalation is characterized by small talk?

Experimenting

"I love the Oklahoma Sooners because they are the best college football team on the planet," is an example of descriptive intimacy.

False

A primary reason to study conflict is so that it can be prevented.

False

According to Fitzpatrick's marital typology, Independents are "emotionally divorced".

False

Any single cue of nonverbal communication can stand on its own in helping us determine meaning.

False

Athabaskan Natives saying "an hour-and-a-half" when they mean "whenever" is an example of olfactic communication.

False

Collaboration is always best.

False

Differentiating, the first stage of coming apart, occurs when partners question the quality and future of the relationship and a fundamental change in communication occurs.

False

Disconfirming messages are false or untrue statements that cannot be verified.

False

Eros love is possessive and characterized by mood swings.

False

Flipping someone "the bird" is an example of a specific type of kinesis behavior known as an illustrator.

False

Impression management is one's unconscious effort to make a desired impression on a specific person.

False

In North America, relational goals are viewed as the most important of the 3 types of goals.

False

In Relational DialecticsTheory, interpersonal communication scholars discuss the need to avoid tension in interpersonal relationships.

False

In the Semantic Triangle, an example of a referent is the word "cat."

False

Interpersonal Communication involves interdependence, according to our textbook authors. This means that our meanings for words are individualized, and that we each function without need for nor impact on others.

False

Jacinto believes that communication is like a game with rules and boundaries of appropriateness to follow. His Message Design Logic is Rhetorical.

False

Jim is able to accomplish his goal of avoiding housework by "guilting" his roommate Steven to do all of it by saying things like, "I know you can't understand all the pressures of my job situation..." or "Wow, am I wiped out after that presentation at work..." Therefore, he is optimally competent.

False

Kara wants Kim to stop criticizing her, but refuses to tell Kim to stop because she does not want Kim to think that she is a baby. This story shows an example of an instrumental goal.

False

Most cultural and ethnic groups have the same size for their distance zones for interaction.

False

Nonverbal cues make up a universal language and have cross-cultural consistency.

False

Once stagnation occurs in a relationship, it will inevitably end.

False

Once you have established the communication patterns that "work" to accomplish your goals in a given relationship, you can simply continue to apply the same strategies to achieve future goals with that person.

False

One's likelhood of candor is impacted by 3 variables: 1) ones' need to be honest about the issue, 2) the amount of resistance that might be appropriate to expect from the other person, and 3) one's previous history and experience with regard to candor.

False

Our competence as communicators is judged solely on how well we achieve our desired goals.

False

Our evalutions of others are affected by the ways we anticipate they will act, especially when they act differently than we anticipated they would. The theory that discusses this phenomenon is known as Attribution Theory.

False

Overbenefitted partners are generally more satisified in their relationships than those in equitable partnerships; whereas, underbenefitted partners are generally dissatisfied.

False

People tend to reciprocate disclosures of descriptive intimacy, but not disclosures of evaluative intimacy.

False

Physical beauty is generally defined more by individual preferences than by cultural standards.

False

Reciprocity only occurs when 2 people's disclosure is about the same topics.

False

Retention is always a good measure of listening.

False

Self-disclosure, broadly defined, includes both information "given" and information "given off."

False

Since nonverbal communication is always unintentional, we should always believe what it says.

False

Some good reasons we should forgive, discussed in the same website, include making other people happy and smoothing things over to make relationships more comfortable.

False

Stagnating is Knapp and Vangelisti's first stage of relational de-escalation.

False

The Cascade Model of Relational Dissolution can be seen in the marriage of Bing and Parma--they were considering divorce, but the "cascade of emotions" that brought on actually brought them closer to one another than ever.

False

The dictionary meaning for a word is called its "de facto" meaning.

False

The dramaturgical perspective tells us that when we are like actors on a stage, we are lying, pretending to be something or someone that we are not.

False

The dyadic effect refers to the phenomenon of the communicator subconsciously choosing behaviors opposite those displayed by the person with whom he or she is currently communicating.

False

The healthliest relationships are those in which there is no conflict.

False

The word "stupid" has the same connotative meaning for each person who uses it.

False

The word "stupid" has the same meaning for each person who uses it.

False

We are only being honest if we play just a single role in life, regardless of the relationship or setting.

False

Words are signs of naturally-occurring connections to phenomena, as opposed to arbitrarily-assigned symbols.

False

Words have naturally-occurring connections to phenomena, as opposed to arbitrary symbols.

False

The tendency to assume internal rather than external causes for another person's behavior is the

Fundamental Attribution Error

Collaborating

Generally takes the most time and effort of all conflict resolution styles.

According to Schutz, what are the fundamental interpersonal needs?

Inclusion, Control, Affection

According to Fitzpatrick's typology, which couples lack traditional beliefs and must negotiate many issues?

Independents

Which of Knapp and Vangelisti's stages of relational escalation includes using verbal shortcuts that both people understand?

Intensifying

Active Listening

Involves providing feedback to help the speaker clarify his or her message.

The type of love that is described as game playing love is

Ludus Love

Deliberative Listening

Often used when a listener's goal is to help someone make the best choice based on logical comparison or to decide on a specific course of action.

Competing

Places higher value on self than on other/s.

Avoidance/Withdrawal

Places low value on self, and low value on the other/s involved?

When a teacher treats a student as if he or she is intelligent, that person gains more confidence in his or her intelligence, therefore, acts more intelligent. This phenomenon is known as ________________.

Pygmalion Effect

Which type of communication goals involve facework?

Self-Presentation

"Disengagers" from relationships who are most likely to become depressed at the end of a relationship were those who had been at a disadvantage in the relationship, as opposed to those who had been at an advantage.

True

A person's nonverbal skills include encoding, decoding and control.

True

A politician generally has a smaller part of his or her life that is truly considered private and off-limits to the media and the public. Therefore, it can be said that politicians have a smaller "backstage" than people who do not hold famous or highly influential positions in society.

True

According to the "Forgiveness is Power" website, "forgiveness is letting go of wanting to punish."

True

According to the Canary, et. al text, I might require judgment regarding whether or not to be candid when I am deciding whether or not to disclose that I hate my friend's $200 haircut, because the need to be honest might be low.

True

All types of relationships (romantic, family, friendships) require maintenance to remain strong.

True

Altman and Taylor state that uniqueness of interaction increases as the relationship matures.

True

Attribution bias is in play when I get angry at people going faster than I do because I think they are nuts, but when I speed it is because I am on my way to an important appointment.

True

Communication Privacy Management concerns how people in various relationships create and coordinate their privacy boundaries.

True

Empathic listening increases interpretation of a message from the speakers' perspective.

True

Ernie was angry because he thought that Herbert would refuse to lend him a vacuum cleaner, so he asked Herbert in a grumpy way, leading Herbert to refuse his request. This is an example of self-fulfilling prophecy.

True

Forgiveness research has shown a stong link between forgiveness and improved physical health.

True

Harry has a competing conflict style, which means that he is assertive (high concern for self) without real consideration for others' outcomes (low concern for others).

True

Ignoring someone when they ask you a question is an example of a disconfirming message.

True

In general, Withdrawing from/Avoiding conflict shows not only low concern for self, but low concerns for others, as well.

True

In some instances a listener is advised to violate good listening habits to "get out of" a listening situation.

True

It is fairly common for an underbenefited partner to enage in an extra-marital affair as a means of retaliation against an overbenefited partner.

True

It is not the absence of conflict, but the continued presence of positive maintenance behaviors that keep a relationship intact.

True

It is supported in biomedical human research that keeping secrets can cause physical damage to an individual, such as cancer and heart problems.

True

Jackie's accounting process is likely to begin with a taumatic event, proceed to his experiencing several negative emotions, and then to his staying at home and avoiding people as part of the stages toward completion of a "break-up" story he can live comfortably telling himself and others.

True

Limited nonverbal cues online--primarily those signaling individual differences such as physical appearance and vocal qualities--submerge the communicator in deindividuation.

True

Message Design Logics provide a theory of communication that explains how our communication is based upon our underlying beliefs about communication.

True

One of the online forgiveness readings for this course quotes Mahatma Gandhi, who said "....the weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is an attribute of the strong."

True

Online, the anonymity of the interaction often causes people to cling more tightly to whatever salient identity is most available. This results in overattributions--making exaggerated or more certain judgements about others based on minimal information.

True

Overbenefited partners are less satisfied than those in equitable relationships.

True

People with greater power use more space than people with less power. This is an example of proxemic communication.

True

Reconcilation, the choice to re-establish or maintain a relationship with the person you are forgiving, is not a part of the forgiveness process in every instance.

True

Schemata are like mental file folders.

True

Sometimes, avoidance of conflict is likely best, for instance in a situation where one or the other parties involved is in a heightened physiological state, as occurs in "road rage."

True

Stereotypes are "normal" ways for our minds to process information. It is when they lead us to act in negatively prejudicial ways that they become negative.

True

Strategic Communication occurs even when people are clearly not conscious of their goals.

True

The decision whether to engage in or avoid conflict is most effectively made when one considers his or her "right to persuade." For instance, I may not have a right to persuade a stranger in the grocery store to switch deodorant brands.

True

The dramaturgical perspective argues that each person plays different roles in real life--as an "actor" engaging in "performances."

True

Women dislike being touched on top of the head. This is an example of haptic communication.

True

Empathetic Listening

Trying to interpret the message "as if" you were the speaker.

Paralanguage and silence are examples of areas studied in...

Vocalics

Which of the following is not an instrumental goal?

Wanting your friend to go shopping with you

Which of the following statements about physical beauty is NOT true?

Women and men rely equally on physical beauty to decide their level of attraction

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of pursuing closer relationships?

You reduce uncertainty about the other person.

Ethics concerns the use of _________ to guide actions.

principles