special needs ch 6

True

A mutation in a gene can lead to a genetic disorder

False

About 5 percent of the population has a congenital malformations caused by a single-gene defect.

a

All of the following are considered environmental teratogens except: A. opiates B. radiation C. lead D. mercury

d

Although we arbitrarily divide pregnancy into three trimesters, there are other periods that are more significant for the developing baby. These periods are called the ____________ period, the _____________ period, and the _______________ period. A. germinal; embryonic; gestational B. embryonic; fertilization; ectopic C. fertilization; ectopic; germinal D. germinal; embryonic; fetal

False

Although women should be discouraged from smoking during pregnancy the number of cigarettes smoked per day or the length of time a woman is exposed to passive smoke does not affect the developing fetus.

c

An individual's genetic make-up is called his __________ and his observable biological and behavioral characteristics are called his______________. A. dominant type; recessive type B. Mendelian pattern; personality type C. genotype; phenotype D. homozygous traits; heterozygous traits

a

At which stage of pregnancy does maternal alcohol pose the greatest risk to fetal outcome? A. The first trimester B. The second trimester C. The third trimester D. Timing of alcohol consumption does not affect fetal outcome

a

Chromosomal disorders involve abnormality in either the ______________ or __________________ of the chromosomes. A. number; structure B. position; duplication C. misalignment; placement D. deletions; additions

False

Cocaine is the most abused substance in the United States today

False

During fetal development, growth proceeds from tail to head and from outside towards the inside

True

Exposure of the embryo to environmental toxins during the first few days after conception seems to have an all-or-nothing effect; that is, the embryo either dies or is unaffected

d

In the case of structural chromosomal abnormalities all of the following structural changes can occur except: A. genetic material is deleted. B. genetic material is duplicated. C. genetic material is inverted. D. a whole chromosome is added or deleted

False

It is expected that a woman will gain between 40 and 45 pounds during a healthy pregnancy, or an increase of 33-36 percent of pre-pregnancy weight

False

Medicare is a health insurance program for individuals and families with low incomes and few resources funded by the state and federal government and administered by states

False

Most physicians agree that pregnant women can drink up to two alcoholic beverages per day and therefore do not recommend abstinence

True

Multiple gestations accounted for over 3 percent of all births and the rate is increasing

True

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that relay, amplify or modulate electrical signals between cells.

False

Of all fertilized eggs, only about a fourth survives and reaches the uterus; the body reabsorbs the others

d

Of the three periods during pregnancy, the fetal period corresponds to A. the first trimester. B. the second trimester. C. the third trimester. D. the second and third trimester

True

Smoking is the number one preventable cause of low-birth-weight infants

False

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) uses potential maternal risk as its criterion for establishing guidelines for prescribing drugs to pregnant women

True

The developing organism becomes a fetus when all the major structures and organs have been formed, about eight weeks until birth

b

The formal beginning of pregnancy is A. at conception. B. when the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall. C. when a woman misses her first period. D. when the developing organism becomes a fetus

True

The head portion of the neural tube becomes the brain and the tail portion the spinal cord

False

The human genome contains about 300,000 to 400,000 genes

True

The most common reason for obtaining genetic counseling is advanced maternal age

b

The organs that develop first for a fetus during the embryonic period are the ____________, ____________, and _________________. A. arms; legs; toes B. brain; spinal cord; heart C. brain, arms, spinal cord D. legs, fingers, toes

c

Which of the following is not part of the T.O.R.C.H. infectious agents? A. Varicella B. Herpes C. Group B streptococcus D. Toxoplasmosis

c

Which of the following is the primary accomplishment during the fetal period? A. the attachment and growth of the placenta B. the development of the major organ systems C. growth and maturation of structures already present in earlier stages D. the development of the physical structures of the body like the arms, legs, fingers and ears.

a

Which of the following statements is not true about drug use in the United States? A. Concerns about infants exposed to cocaine have been underestimated in the past. B. Women routinely lie about their drug use during pregnancy. C. Prenatal marijuana exposure did not appear to have an important impact on postnatal development when it was used in isolation. D. Withdrawal symptoms for infants are more severe and prolonged for methadone than heroin

a

Which structure plays an important role in memory, the ability to learn new information rapidly, and processing and packaging the context of memory? A. hippocampus B. pons C. amygdala D. medulla oblongata

b

X-linked disorders are passed between generations by carrier _______ and occur most often in __________. A. mothers; females B. mothers; males C. fathers; females D. fathers; males

False

Genes have one core functions: to serve as a reliable template or blueprint for development

False

Gestational age is the age of the embryo, fetus, or newborn figured from conception

c

Glial cells do all of the following except: A. help brain cells find their way up cerebral walls. B. provide support and protection for neurons. C. carry messages across synapses. D. consume dead neurons

True

Hypertension is one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy

False

If a child has an autosomal recessive disorder she is heterozygous for that trait.

a

If a child's parents are both heterozygous for a recessive trait the probability that the child will have that trait is______ and the probability of the child being a carrier of the trait is________. A. 25 percent, 50 percent B. 25 percent, 75 percent C. 50 percent, 25 percent D. 50 percent, 50 percent

b

Which of the following configurations would indicate that an individual was homozygous with a recessive gene? A. AA B. aa C. Aa D. aA

c

Which of the following is a characteristic of fraternal or dizygotic twins? A. They develop from two sperms fertilizing one ovum. B. They are of the same sex and have the same genotype. C. They are the result of different eggs and different sperm, yet they share the same uterine environment. D. They are more frequently born to young mothers

d

Which of the following is not a common teratogen? A. alcohol B. nicotine C. prescription and illicit drugs D. preeclampsia

False

Syphilis is the most commonly reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States.

True

There is some indication that infants of marijuana users might be born preterm and have low birth weights; however, this is not conclusive

False

Chromosome pairs 1 through 23 are called autosomes