SPED 411 quiz 5-8 FINAL EXAM

Which law, passed in 1988, was designed to focus attention on special projects aimed at identifying and serving students who are gifted from culturally diverse groups, those living in poverty, and those with disabilities?

Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Students Education Act

Many professionals in the field of gifted education are skeptical that students receive the education they need when they spend their days with their peers in general education because:

Little differentiation is implemented in typical classrooms.

Type I or juvenile diabetes is usually diagnosed during which time period?

Middle school/adolescence

To date, research suggests that:

No single genetic factor is responsible for causing ASD

A type of intellectual disability that is inherited only if BOTH parents are carriers of the defective gene is:

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Which of the following are among the six sets of standards for special education teachers?

Physical and health monitoring, adapted assessment, and specialized instruction

Speech/language pathologists typically do each of the following EXCEPT:

Provide primary academic instruction to students with SLIs

The Higher Education Opportunity Act (Public Law 110-315), removed the barrier of:

Requiring a traditional high school diploma as a condition of eligibility for financial aid

Each of the following is a position of those opposed to early gifted education programs EXCEPT:

Research does not support significantly higher outcomes for those who engage in such programs.

Code switching occurs when:

Students use Standard English when it's appropriate and dialect with family and community

Approximately what percentage of students with autism is nonverbal?

50

Research reports that children identified with congenital hearing loss prior to what age will acquire age-appropriate language skills by 36 months?

6 months

What level of unemployment do adults with visual impairments experience?

75%

For academic work, what can make the amount of practice available almost limitless

A computer with drill-and-practice software

The key characteristic of authentic assessment is:

A person-centered approach

Each of the following is TRUE of Augmentative Communication Devices EXCEPT:

ACDs are often difficult to use, depict a visual symbol, and offer a relatively large number of individual messages.

Which of the following is TRUE in regard to students with HIV and AIDS?

All school professionals should use universal precautions in addressing illness and injury.

The movement of tongue, teeth, lips, and palate all affect:

Articulation

Which of the following is specialized intervention that students with speech and language disorders may need?

Articulation therapy

Which of the following is an example of a formal support?

Coordinating the child's multidisciplinary team

What are two factors mentioned in your text that affect parents' reactions to their children with intellectual disabilities?

Culture and religion

Paraprofessionals MAY do each of the following EXCEPT:

Decide whether or not a specific behavior intervention is working and whether or not to continue it

Which of the following musculoskeletal conditions occurs only in boys?

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Availability of appropriately trained support personnel is an example of

Environmental modifications and general education classroom support

Two current issues within the field of intellectual disabilities are:

Expectations for high-stakes testing and the right for students to make their own decisions

All of the following are postnatal causes of an intellectual disability EXCEPT:

Fetal alcohol syndrome

In the late nineteenth century, students who were deaf or hard of hearing were educated in residential schools. During this time period, which of the following statements accurately depicts the attitude toward deafness and communication?

Students who signed were prohibited from doing so because the oral approach was the preferred method of communication.

Standardized assessments are problematic for students with severe and multiple disabilities for each of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Students with significant disabilities are not capable of learning higher-order skills

Assisting adults with disabilities to obtain jobs in the competitive market and providing them with the necessary physical, instructional, and social support to ensure success is called:

Supported employment

Students who are gifted often display which of the following cognitive characteristics?

Unusually well-developed memory

Individuals who work with young children to assure that they have a wide range of experiences and develop perceptual and hand movement skills needed for Braille reading are:

VI specialists

Most education professionals are less interested in whether a hearing loss is congenital or acquired than they are in:

Whether a student's hearing loss was prelingual or postlingual

Critics of increasing inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities in general education settings argue each of the following EXCEPT:

With variations in activities and assignments, these students are capable of learning far more than those supporting alternative curricula have assumed.

Students with severe and multiple disabilities need to experience the same curriculum as their nondisabled peers because:

Without exposure to the traditional curriculum, these students are further penalized in their education.

For academic work, what can make the amount of practice available almost limitless?

a computer with drill-and-practice available almost limitless

Mrs. Calloway uses the sign for stop when Joseph begins inappropriately touching others. Mrs. Calloway is using:

a prompt

Melanie was born with cerebral palsy. This is an example of a/an:

congenital disability

The most appropriate educational service delivery model for students with visual impairments to receive who require few direct services is the:

consultant model

Family views in regard to children with disabilities such as being a "gift from God" or a "punishment" are based on:

cultural and religious beliefs

The purpose of using domain-specific checklists is to:

describe student abilities in a particular area

The purpose of assessing students with severe and multiple disabilities is to:

develop a quality educational program

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder have difficulty with problem solving due to:

difficulty in retrieving information or strategies

The category of other health impairments includes each of the following EXCEPT:

diplegia

Mr. Henderson has just accepted a job as a teacher of gifted and talented middle school students. Which of the following practices is he least likely to use?

direct instruction

Which of the following musculoskeletal conditions occurs only in boys?

duchenne muscular dystrophy

When an infant is identified with a hearing loss:

early childhood services may begin immediately

Each of the following is a factor that contributed to their child's success, according to parents, EXCEPT:

education level

This assessment examines a student's overall approach to using sensory information for learning (i.e., visual, tactile, and auditory) and identifies the kinds of materials (e.g., braille, large type, or regular type with low-vision devices) that a student needs in school:

educational environment assessment

An example of a spontaneous language sample is:

engaging students in a conversation

The extension of regular curriculum with different examples and associations that build complex ideas is:

enrichment

For students with visual impairments, compensatory skills, social interaction skills, and career education are all examples of:

expanded core curriculum

Center-based programs focus on direct and consistent teaching of specific developmental skills such as:

fine motor, gross motor, and language

An individual who experiences hearing loss from day to day due to periodic ear infections or earwax buildup is experiencing what type of hearing loss?

fluctuating

Compulsive eating is a characteristic associated with:

fragile-x

Martin-Bell syndrome is another name for:

fragile-x syndrome

Who argued that intelligence cannot be reduced to a single dimension reported by a test score?

gardner

The most appropriate setting in which students can learn speech and language skills and practice them is in:

general education classroom

Many students with special abilities may be missed if assessment only identifies students with:

general giftedness

Giftedness is generally considered to be the result of a combination of what two factors?

genetics and environment

According to the author of the textbook, evidence of advanced development across intellectual areas is referred to as:

giftedness

The most critical element of students' social relationships is

having access to social interactions

After John's stroke, he could only move the limbs on the right side of his body. This could be referred to as:

hemiplegia

Gifted learners can be misidentified as hyperactive for what reason?

high energy levels

The act of envisioning things in a perfect form, usually leading to involvement in service organizations, is called:

idealism

Currently, probably the most controversial causal issue related to autism spectrum disorder is:

immunizations

The requirement of all schools to include students with disabilities in the statewide testing process became effective:

in 1997 as mandated by IDEA

For students with visual impairments, consideration for the transition to adulthood must begin:

in preschool

Home-based programs are most commonly used for which age level of students with visual impairments?

infants and toddlers

The most widely used option for delivering services to students with visual impairment is the:

itinerant model

The system of symbols, governed by complex rules that individuals use for communication is:

language

Which of the following is NOT an example of adaptive behaviors in which a student must display deficits to be identified as having an intellectual disability?

learning to type on the computer

Raymond diligently works on learning how to successfully complete an application in Mrs. Martin's fifth period class. This type of task is an example of:

life skills curriculum

In addition to the 26 letters of the alphabet and the various punctuation marks, this form of braille also includes 186 contractions and short-form words:

literary braille

Curriculum built around each student according to interests, personal goals, and limitations in reaching these goals is called

meaningful curriculum

Each of the following is a principle of special methods for students with visual impairments EXCEPT:

need for mobility training

Children diagnosed with ASD may demonstrate which of the following characteristics as a baby/toddler?

no interest in play

Some students with autism spectrum disorder have difficulties with sensory issues. These students need the services of which professionals to address these issues?

occupational therapist

A physician specializing in the eye is a/an:

ophthalmologist

Braces and similar devices that stabilize individuals' legs so that they can walk are collectively called:

orthoses

The name of the three small bones in the middle ear that vibrate to amplify sound and send it into the middle ear is the:

ossicles

Which factor contributes to underrepresentation of females in gifted and talented math programs?

parent's beliefs

Who is usually the first to recognize that a child is responding differently to the world than typically developing children?

parents

Which of the following may use real-time or video/audio with a rating of proficiency, and is often used for tasks or behaviors that are not easily captured in another format (e.g., problem solving or choice making)?

performance assessment

Autism used to be one of the subcategories of:

pervasive developmental disorder

Deciding whether a student has the characteristics of autism spectrum disorder involves each of the following EXCEPT:

physical ability

Which is an emotional characteristic of students with physical and health disabilities?

poor-self esteem

Resources often are allocated to study a disorder and to provide innovative treatments based on:

prevalence

Children who have remarkable abilities at an early age are often called:

prodigies

Children who have significant speech or language delays are at higher risk for experiencing:

reading difficulties

Each of the following is a position of those opposed to early gifted education programs EXCEPT:

research does not support significantly higher outcomes for those who engage in such programs.

Each of the following is a new option that specialized schools are offering for students with visual impairments in order to best meet those students' needs EXCEPT:

residual sight training

Joseph often flaps his hands and rocks while sitting on his carpet square at group time. This type of behavior is called:

self-stimulatory

In which category would Jake be placed considering his IQ is 28 and he has low adaptive ability

severe

In which category would Jake be placed considering his IQ is 28 and he has low adaptive ability?

severe

Speech/language pathologists examine the student's physical structures for producing speech, including each of the following EXCEPT:

shape and size of nose/nasal passages

Students with intellectual disabilities have immature behaviors and often misinterpret others' actions, resulting in rejection by their peers. These characteristics fall under which category?

social

The majority of students who are deaf or hard of hearing:

struggle to become fluent readers

When Joanne gets anxious about changing classes, she refers to the business-sized card she keeps in her pocket that gives her step-by-step directions. This is called a:

task card

The severity and complexity of severe and multiple disabilities varies depending on each of the following EXCEPT:

the age of onset

The way in which speech-language services are implemented depends on:

the nature of the disability

Mrs. Rice has just been informed that Manuel will be pulled from her class at 9:30 a.m. to take the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Test. Who will administer this test?

the school psychologist

Students with speech and language disorders struggle socially and emotionally because:

they may be the target of peer teasing

The first school of the deaf in the United States was founded by:

thomas hopkins gallaudet

Each of the following is a component of voice EXCEPT:

tone

Closed head injuries and open head injuries are types of:

traumatic brain injury

Developing study units for students with visual impairments in which connections among academic subjects and real-life experiences can be enhanced, such as studying community workers in social studies by visiting those workers in their workplaces, is an example of:

unifying experiences

Specific ways in which eligibility decisions are made for students who are gifted and talented:

vary across states and school districts

Clinical definitions of blindness are based on measures of visual acuity and:

visual field

Speech has each of the following dimensions EXCEPT:

volume

Although no single category exists in IDEA that is labeled severe and multiple disabilities, each of the following conditions are included in IDEA and typically grouped under this heading EXCEPT students:

with traumatic brain injuries

Researchers estimate what percent of children in first grade have a speech disorder?

5 %

Approximately what percentage of students has severe and multiple disabilities?

1 %

The identification of intellectual disability is made only if the condition is present by the time the student is:

18 years old

The National Society for Crippled Children (now Easter Seals) was established by:

1921

Students with severe and multiple disabilities typically score in which range on standardized IQ tests?

25 to 40

How many times greater than in the rest of the population do experts estimate that the prevalence of language disorders among female juvenile delinquents is?

3 times

Intensive early intervention can be very beneficial to many children with autism spectrum disorder; however, it can be emotionally and financially taxing for families, and requires a time commitment of:

30-40 hrs per week

Type II diabetes, which is preventable, has increased by how much among children over the past 15 years?

4 times

The prevalence of ASD is:

4 times higher in males than females

The prevalence of ASD is

4 times higher in males than in females

The dot-based system of reading and writing is known as:

Braille

Students who do not have hearing loss, but for some reason their brains do not effectively interpret the auditory information that comes from their ears have

Central Auditory Processing Disorder

Which of the following physical disabilities is considered neurological?

Cerebral Palsy

Each of the following statement is TRUE about characteristics of individuals with gifts and talents EXCEPT:

Characteristics are developmental in the sense that all students display them at early stages of development.

Which group of students is most likely to be educated primarily in special education setting

High school

Professionals can assist parents in effectively interacting with their children with speech and language disorders by:

Increasing parent awareness and understanding of speech and language development

A comprehensive program for promoting emotional and social competencies and reducing aggression and behavior problems in elementary school-age children is:

PATHS

Which statement would most likely be offered as advice from a school professional to parents of a child with physical disabilities?

Parents should be familiar with helpful materials related to their child's disabilities.

In Mrs. Mayor's first-grade class, she puts Veronica with a learning buddy during science centers in order to help meet her unique needs. Which of the following strategies is Mrs. Mayor using to assist Veronica

Peer tutoring

Two of the most important issues facing the field of visual impairment are:

Personnel shortages and limited continuum of placement options

A type of intellectual disability that is inherited only if BOTH parents are carriers of the defective gene is

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Actively helping their child with visual impairments, reading information, having discussions with professionals, enjoying recreation and leisure activities, and praying are examples of:

Strategies and supports that assisted parents in coping with concerns

The likelihood that intellectual ability and academic achievement will be affected in individuals with physical and medical disabilities depends on:

The nature and severity of the disabilities

Students with speech and language disorders struggle socially and emotionally because:

They may be the target of peer teasing

What factor, as discussed in your text, strongly influences inclusive practices for students with intellectual disabilities?

Traditional thinking favoring separate placement

Karen, Jake, and Melissa are classmates in Mrs. Jacobs's fifth-grade class. However, Kate, Jake, and Melissa have been placed in a reading group together due to their advanced skills in reading. This is called:

ability grouping

A variation in the surface characteristics of language is a/an

accent

Examples of cultural factors that may affect language are

accent and dialect

Martin's love of art consumes most of his free time. In addition to reading about various artists, he goes to any art exhibition offered. This appreciation for the arts is called:

aesthetic sensitivity

Currently, how many states and territories in the United States have Early Hearing Detection and Intervention laws or voluntary compliance regarding screening the hearing of newborns?

all (the majority, minority, most)

Early intervention services for families of children who are deaf or hard of hearing should include:

all of these ( emotional support, sign language lessons, listening and speech training)

Which is an example of students with physical disabilities accessing education?

all of these (posture, mobility, communication)

ASL stands for:

american sign language

Curriculum overlapping is an example of:

an aid for learning

Taking a more advanced test in order to obtain a better description of students' abilities is what type of testing?

an off-level test

Each of the following is a classic "stage of grief" often applied to the experience of parents with children with disabilities EXCEPT:

anger

Students who are using real money to practice making change are demonstrating:

applied academic skills

Which of the following is the earliest a child can be assessed for an intellectual disability?

as an infant

What type of assessment is an ongoing process and occurs within the student's natural environment?

authentic

The new DSM uses a single classification for individuals who have significant difficulties in the domains of social interactions or communication and repetitive behavior and fixated interests. This classification is:

autism spectrum disorder

Parent strategies for encouraging their children include each of the following EXCEPT:

banning films, television programs and video games

Students with autism spectrum disorder nearly always have:

behavior problems

Many individuals who have intellectual disabilities also have speech and language disorders, and so intellectual disability is considered to be this kind of cause of the related speech or language disorder:

biological

A condition that commonly occurs in older individuals in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy and cannot transmit light rays properly to the retina is known as:

cataract

Which of the following physical disabilities is considered neurological?

cerebral palsy

An early belief of the cause of autism was:

cold mothers

The exchange of information and knowledge among participants is:

communication

Which device uses pictures, symbols, or printed words to facilitate student communication, and which can be low tech or high tech?

communication board