Speech Review

Working

A _____ outline is an initial outline recording a speaker's process of narrowing, focusing, and balancing a topic.

formal

A _____ outline is written in complete sentences and with sufficient detail so that someone other than the speaker could understand it.

a cliché

A once-colorful figure of speech that has lost impact through overuse is called _____.

Like

A simile compares two things by using the word _____.

adequacy

According to the principle of _____, if there are subpoints under a key idea, there must be at least two.

Speaking

Akansha writes "make eye contact" and "hold up three fingers" in the margins of her outline so she remembers to use these gestures during the presentation. What type of outline is Akansha creating?

Jargon

Bruce is an attorney and is giving a luncheon presentation about creating a will. He tells the audience, "While you don't have to worry about an amicus curiae like I do, you should be concerned about your estate." Many of the audience members begin to wonder what an amicus curiae is. Bruce should have avoided using _____.

checking balance

Cameron is working on his outline. He comes up with six subpoints for his first main idea, four subpoints for his next idea, and two subpoints for his final idea. Which aspect of the outline is Cameron failing to consider?

people-first language

Chris interviewed some people with disabilities for his speech on epilepsy. Rather than calling them epileptics, Chris is sure to use the term "people with epilepsy." Chris is using _____.

Hedges

Claire said the new car was kind of like last year's model and somewhat like the competitor's model. Which type of powerless language does her statement represent?

alliteration

Denise described the park as "deserted, decrepit, and dank." What literary device did she use?

uniformity

Derek has three main points in his outline: "There are four places to purchase sustainable vegetables." "There are four places to purchase farm-to-table meats." "Types of grains." Which principle of outlining did Derek fail to use?

Subordinate

Ideas within an outline that support more general or more important parts in a speech are called _____ ideas

including delivery notes in her speaking outline

Jane's professor has commented that she should make better eye contact with the audience while delivering her speeches. She could improve her eye contact by _____.

inclusive

Language that is free from certain expressions or words that might be considered to exclude particular groups of people is called _____ language.

Colleen is giving an informative speech on dolphins and their habitats, so she is sure to include as many facts, figures, and colorful examples as she can find. Partway through her speech, she notices that her audience doesn't seem to be paying attention. Unfortunately, Colleen has overlooked what guideline for giving an informative speech?

Limit your ideas and supporting material.

sexist language

Lori told her daughter that when she was in high school, the girls' basketball team was called "the Lady Tigers," and the boys' team was called "the Tigers." This is an example of _____.

_____ are especially suited to speeches discussing or referring to unfamiliar geographic areas.

Maps

For effective delivery, a speaker's facial expressions must _____ the thoughts and feelings behind his or her words.

Match

Speeches about _____ focus on what is concrete rather than on what is abstract.

Objects

singularity

One of Marco's main headings is "A. Types of nut butters and why peanuts are not a nut." He is ignoring which principle for outlining?

Which strategy will most improve a speech to be delivered from manuscript?

Practice delivering the speech in a fluent, conversational manner.

She is making greater use of personal pronouns.

Rather than saying, "People must be more aware of the consequences of drunk driving," Patrice says, "We must be more aware of the consequences of drunk driving." She is using what tactic in altering written style to oral style?

Jerry gives a speech on U.S. immigration policy—a hot-button topic in the political sphere. However, Jerry does not clearly give his general purpose and the audience mistakes his speech for a persuasive one. What guideline for speaking to inform has Jerry overlooked?

Stress your informative purpose.

Drake is using a PowerPoint for his speech. While using the slideshow, he looks at it for the remainder of the speech. What important guideline has Drake overlooked?

Talk to your audience, not your presentational aid.

Studies suggest that speakers' credibility is affected by how well speakers use _____ and presentational aids.

Technology

Scope

The _____ of a speech's content reflects the breadth of the subject matter.

Which of the following is an appropriate reason for using PowerPoint slides, Prezi presentations, or Breeze presentations as your presentational aid?

The audience is too large to see other types of aids clearly.

flexible

The early stages of outlining a speech should be thought of as _____.

connotation

The emotional association that a word or phrase brings to mind in individual listeners is called the _____.

parallelism

The grammatical construction of an outline is governed by the principle of _____.

test relevance of supporting ideas

Under his main point of famous mountains, Robert wrote "Mount Everest," "Mount Fuji," "Mount Kilimanjaro," and "Death Valley." Which function of outlining does Robert need to consider?

What should speakers keep in mind when using handouts as a presentational aid?

Use handouts only if that is the best way to clarify and give impact to your ideas.

sending unintended messages

Using poorly worded concepts in a speech often has the effect of _____.

Martin is speaking about conditions in refugee camps in war-torn countries. He uses a brief segment in a National Geographic documentary to emphasize his point. Martin has successfully used what kind of presentational aid?

Video

Personification

What literary device did Kendra use when she said, "The leaves waved goodbye in the wind as the soldiers headed out to battle."

Specific

When Ricco asks Nala which class she is going to in the afternoon, Nala responds, "Oh, that history class." Nala is failing to use what type of language to describe the class?

Johanna told the audience, "The final mission to the moon seemed like a waste of money, don't you think?"

Which of these speakers is using a tag question?

B

Which of these symbols should Julie use to denote the second subpoint in her outline?

coordinate

While outlining her speech on bicycles, Sara created the topics "mountain," "beach," and "racer." These topics are all _____ ideas

A denotation

While speaking, Yolanda makes sure to add, "And just for clarification, sanguine refers to someone who is optimistic." In this instance Yolanda is using _____.

Joe has developed a Prezi presentation for a department-wide meeting involving about fifty people. It incorporates text, graphs, and diagrams, as well as a brief video clip. What equipment is most suitable for Joe in delivering his presentation?

a computer connected to a projector

A good description for many speeches about a process is _____.

a how to speech

Charles loves The Chronicles of Narnia and wants to present an informative speech about the geographical features of the country of Narnia. Which informative speech category does this represent?

a speech about a place

In a speech to inform, the speaker assumes the role of _____.

a teacher

Adeline has prepared a speech to convince Congress to provide funding for the nation-wide campus safety alert program. This is a speech to _____.

actuate

When assessing the validity of an argument by _____, you might ask the question, "Are the similarities between the two cases relevant?"

analogy

If a country club bans women from joining the golf league because only men have been allowed on the league since the club was formed 75 years ago, it is using a(n) _____ fallacy.

appeal to tradition

Bitsy has a bad habit of deleting sounds when she speaks, such as saying "goverment" for "government." Bitsy's vocal delivery error is one of _____.

articulation

As a public speaker, your goal is to make eye contact with _____.

as much of the audience as possible

In a speech to inform, the goal of the speaker should be to _____.

assist listeners to know, understand, or apply an idea or issue

Informative speakers should be committed to presenting a _____ view on the topic.

balanced

When Ellen began her presentation, she told the audience that finding a cure for psoriasis was important to her because, just like her listeners, she had been struggling with scaly, itchy skin her entire life. Which component of her credibility will be especially boosted by sharing this information?

caring

When Aran argued that a lack of sleep can result in slowed response times and disorientation, he was arguing by _____.

cause

After completing an audience profile that revealed that most of the class did not exercise, Marianne decided her speech topic would be to persuade her audience to exercise at least three times a week. This is a persuasive speech meant to _____.

change of behavior

A speaker's nonverbal messages should _____ the verbal messages.

complement

Speeches about _____ focus on what is abstract and typically rely on definitions and examples to support their explanations.

concepts

A speech to _____ is designed to influence the audiences' beliefs or attitudes.

convince

A speaker's _____ is the audiences' perception of his or her competence, trustworthiness, and caring.

credibility

What is the overall effect of adding unintentional or random pauses when you deliver a presentation?

disrupts the speech flow

High-tech visual presenters such as Elmo offer the advantage of enlarging and projecting visual aids. These are also known as _____.

document cameras

The false dilemma fallacy is sometimes called the _____ fallacy.

either or

When used by a speaker, _____ will likely signal persuasion to the audience.

evaluative language

Because Cici struggled through algebra and geometry, she concludes that math is a difficult subject. This is argument by _____.

example

Rosie's professor has chosen her to deliver a classroom speech to students taking her public speaking course online. In order to better engage this audience, Rosie realizes that she must _____.

expand her facial expressions and gestures

When you are speaking from notes but can freely interact with the audience in front of you, you are likely using which method of speech delivery?

extemporaneous

Fiona is the featured speaker at a garden club luncheon. During her prepared remarks, she suddenly thinks of a better example and smoothly incorporates it before returning to her rehearsed presentation. Although Fiona was speaking _____, the addition to her speech was delivered _____.

extemporaneously; impromptu

A speech to inspire is designed to influence listeners' ____.

feelings

Using presentational aids works to enhance speaker confidence by _____.

giving purpose to the presenter's movement and gestures

What is the most essential function the speaker's movement provides in a speech?

guiding the audience's attention

Teonnie discovers a very helpful template for her speech on "Writing Your First Résumé." Unfortunately, her large auditorium classroom does not have a projector or technological outlet. What is likely the best way for Teonnie to display the template?

handout

Of the three goals of an informative speech, a speech on the history of Ancient Mesopotamia's writing system would best be described as a speech to _____.

impart knowledge

Ahmik is speaking about the topography of the Grand Canyon. During his remarks, he shows slides with an aerial view of the canyon and slides that highlight unusual formations. Ahmik is using a presentational aid to _____.

increase his message clarity

Research tells us that speakers who want to emphasize their authority can do so by _____.

increasing the width of their gestures

Persuasion is more accurately equated with _____ than with _____.

influence;power

As a persuasive speaker, you _____ when you address a particular problem about which listeners are unaware or undecided.

instill

Speeches about _____ deal with controversial ideas and policies.

issues

What special challenge must speakers compensate for when delivering a presentation to an online audience?

lack of immediate audience feedback

A _____ is a diagram used to depict changes among variables over time.

line graph

A well-reasoned, logical argument will help you with which mode of persuasion?

logos

Aristotle used the term _____ to label the process of structuring the arguments of a speech and the way these arguments are organized within the speech.

logos

The best delivery style for almost every speaking situation can be described as _____.

natural, comfortable, and spontaneous

Which mode of persuasion identified by Aristotle is based on an emotional appeal?

pathos

An informative speech about how Nelson Mandela's time in a South African jail shaped his philosophy would best be described as a speech about a(n) _____.

person

A police officer pulls you over, says you will be receiving a ticket for speeding, and then gives you a speech to remind you that speeding is a leading cause of traffic accidents and death. In this case, the police officer is exerting _____.

power

Suzette plans to present her strongest argument first because she feels it will draw her audience into the presentation. She will use her lesser arguments later in the speech. Which type of organization is Suzette using?

primacy theory

Collette accuses Robert of stealing from the tip jar at work. Robert says, "I wouldn't do that. I coach my son's little league team." Which fallacy of argument is present in Robert's response?

red herring

Teresa told her listeners that while many people think foreign-made cars need less maintenance than American-made cars, she would tell them about the many instances of major repairs people sought every day for cars made outside of the United States. Which type of organizational pattern did Lynnette use for her speech?

refutation

Julia's informative speech describes the stages of macular degeneration, a disease of the eyes. She presents enlarged photos to demonstrate what someone with the disease might be able to see. Julia's presentational aid is used to _____ her message.

reinforce

Colin knew that his audience did not agree with the proposed tax increase so his presentation should focus on other ways the community could finance the highway project. What is Colin relying on to connect with his listeners?

relating the message to the listeners' values

An excellent guideline to follow when selecting presentational aids for your speech is _____.

select the type of aid best suited to your resources and speech

Michaela asked her audience, "If we ban all sugary snacks in our schools, what will our children do instead? Will they eat even more snacks at home? Will they be even bigger targets for heart disease? Will we be the culprits when they aren't able to exercise because they have gained so much weight?" What fallacy of argument is Michaela using?

slippery slope

Which groups of organizational patterns are all appropriate for an informative speech?

spatial, causal, and pro-con

When delivering highly complex information to a nontechnical audience, speakers should _____ to enhance comprehension.

speak more slowly

Abe knows he's expected to give one impromptu speech as part of his public speaking class. In order to deliver it successfully, Abe learns he should _____.

speak on a topic he knows well

An argument by deduction relies on a _____ to draw its conclusions.

syllogism

In Guy Kawasaki's 10-20-30 rule for business and professional presentations, what does the "20" represent?

the maximum number of minutes you should spend talking

A speech delivered to a gathering of religious leaders that compares the major tenets of Islam, Catholicism, and Judaism likely focuses on which of the following goals?

to deepen understanding

If the evidence you provide does not support the claim you are making, then you have not proven the _____ of your claim.

validity

Jen showed a photo of a woman whose blonde hair had turned green when the stylist used the wrong dye for her hair. She said to the group of beauty school students, "Take a look at this photo. Is this the kind of look you want your clients to have and is this the reputation you want to create?" Which step in the motivated sequence is Jen using?

visualization