SPI Practice Exams A & B

A sound wave propagates fastest through which substance? A. Bone B. Muscle C. Fat D. gas

A. Bone

When using a 5 MHz transducer, in which tissue is the ultrasound wavelength shortest? A. Fat B. Blood C. Bone D. muscle

A. Fat

What is an advantage of using pulsed wave doppler compared to continuous wave doppler? A. Higher echo sensitivity B. Ability to select sample depth C. Decreased display of aliasing D. Improved temporal resolution

B. Ability to select sample depth

Which type of interaction between sound and tissue is most affected by the thermal index? A. Reflection B. Absorption C. Scattering D. refraction

B. Absorption

What does coded excitation improve in addition to penetration? A. Lateral resolution B. Signal-to-noise ratio C. Frame rate D. Dynamic range

B. Signal-to-noise ratio

Which ultrasound parameter directly affects an ultrasound beam's intensity A. Time gain compensation B. Operating frequency C. Output power D. Frame rate

C. Output power

What angle of insonation to blood flow produces the maximum doppler shift? A. 180 B. 150 C. 90 D. 45

D. 45

What is the potential effect of increasing the pulse repetition frequency? A. Depth ambiguity B. Decreased frame rate C. Poor spatial resolution D. Decreased penetration

D. Decreased penetration

Which parameter is most likely to affect spatial resolution? A. Dynamic range B. Beam width C. System sensitivity D. Depth of visualization

D. Depth of visualization

Which imaging mode requires a broadband transducer? A. Continuous wave doppler B. Pulsed wave doppler C. Color flow imaging D. Harmonic imaging

D. Harmonic imaging

Which action can improve axial resolution of a displayed image? A. Increasing the pulse repetition frequency B. Reducing the receiver gain C. Changing the gray-scale map D. Increasing the transducer frequency

D. Increasing the transducer frequency

What is an advantage of using pulsed-wave Doppler versus continuous-wave doppler? A. Allows measurement of higher velocities B. Increases range ambiguity C. Reduces the potential for aliasing D. Provides depth specificity

D. Provides depth specificity

Which term describes the averaging together of scan lines from multiple angles to create one image? A. Harmonic imaging B. Real-time three-dimensional imaging C. Elastography D. Spatial compounding

D. Spatial compounding

Which control allows adjustment for attenuation at specific depths? A .Time gain compensation B. Depth C. Output power D. Dynamic range

A .Time gain compensation

Which doppler angle to flow results in the greatest absolute doppler shift? A. 0 B. 15 C. 45 D. 60

A. 0

How is lateral resolution determined for a pulse-echo system using a tissue-mimicking test object? A. By observing spaces between reflectors perpendicular to the beam B. By observing spaces between reflectors along the beam path C. By observing position of deepest visible reflector along the beam path D. By observing position of deepest visible reflector perpendicular to the beam path

A. By observing spaces between reflectors perpendicular to the beam

Which Variable caused the color change from blue to red of the vessel in this image? A. Change in vessel direction B.Color scale set too low C. Turbulent Flow D. Severe stenosis

A. Change in vessel direction

Which technique increases the sharpness of high contrast boundaries? A. Edge enhancement B. Interpolation C. Smoothing D. Frame averaging

A. Edge enhancement

To which acoustic variable is penetration depth inversely related? A. Frequency B. Wavelength C. Period D. Propagation speed

A. Frequency

Which term describes blood flow changes in response to respiration? A. Phasic B. Parabolic C. Spontaneous D. pulsatile

A. Phasic

Which variable can cause an acoustic shadow artifact? A. Small acoustic impedance mismatch B. Refraction C. Perpendicular incidence D. Low attenuation

A. Small acoustic impedance mismatche

Which scenario will produce no doppler shift to the receiver? A. Source and receiver moving at the same speed and direction B. Source moving backward toward the receiver C. Source moving away from receiver D. Receiver moving toward source

A. Source and receiver moving at the same speed and direction

Which factor determines the displayed depth of a reflector? A. Transducer frequency B. Acoustic impedance C. Pulse repetition frequency D. Propagation speed of the medium

A. Transducer frequency

According to ALARA guidelines, which parameter should be minimized? A. Transmit power B. Frequency C. Time gain compensation D. Overall gain

A. Transmit power

Which change would minimize the artifact observed in this image, assuming the pulse repetition frequency is at its maximum limit? A. Adjusting the sweep speed B. Adjusting the baseline C. Increased the dynamic range D. Increasing the transmitted frequency

B. Adjusting the baseline

Which imaging modality can provide the most accurate measurement of tumor volume? A. Color doppler B. B-mode C. A-mode D. M-mode

B. B-mode

What is the most common cause of localized vertical nonuniformity in a real-time B-mode image? A. Improper time gain compensation B. Defective transducer elements C. Faulty preamplifier D. Malfunctioning scan converter

B. Defective transducer elements

What is the doppler shift frequency? A. Received ultrasound frequency multiplied by the transmitted ultrasound frequency B. Difference between the transmitted ultrasound frequency and the received ultrasound frequency C. Sum of the transmitted and received ultrasound frequencies D. Ratio of the transmitted ultrasound frequency to the received ultrasound frequency

B. Difference between the transmitted ultrasound frequency and the received ultrasound frequency

Which variable decreases when the number of acoustic lines per frame is increased without changing the maximum depth? A. Spatial pulse length B. Frame rate C. Pulse repetition frequency D. Receiver dynamic range

B. Frame rate

Which of the following is a benefit of using contrast agents? A. Output power can be increased after contrast administration to improve visualization B. Increased amplitude of the returning doppler signal C. Harmonic signals produced by contrast agents are weaker than those produced by soft tissue D. Frame rate is improved when interrogating contrast with power doppler imaging

B. Increased amplitude of the returning doppler signal

Which statement is most accurate regarding surface rendering three-dimensional ultrasound imaging? A. Improves accuracy of volume measurement B. Minimizes effect of attenuation artifacts C. Spatial resolution improve when using high resolution mesh D. Feature-based reconstruction store full three-dimensional volume acquired

B. Minimizes effect of attenuation artifacts

An increase in which parameter will improve the accuracy of velocity measurements with autocorrelation? A. Color field of view B. Packet size C. Wall filter setting D. Transmitted frequency

B. Packet size

Which setting of an ultrasound system gives the sonographer the ability to display both strong and weak echoes? A. Dynamic range B. Resolution C .Range calibration D .Sensitivity

B. Resolution

What is the nyquist limit if a pulsed-wave doppler instrument has a pulse repetition frequency of 16 kHz? A. 32 kHz B. 10 kHz C. 8 kHz D. 5 kHz

C. 8 kHz Nyquist limit = ½ prf

Which condition must be present for refraction to occur? A. The presence of a strong specular reflector B. the presence of several small reflectors C. A difference in tissue propagation speeds D. A change in the angle of reflection

C. A difference in tissue propagation speeds

What is a dynamic aperture? A. Aperture that varies with transmit frequency B. Aperture that decreases as a function of time C. Aperture that increases with increasing focal length D. Aperture that changes as a function of frame rate

C. Aperture that increases with increasing focal length

Which technique utilizes frequency modulation of the transmitted pulse to improve signal-to-noise ratio? A. Apodizaiton B. Panoramic imaging C. Coded excitation D. Spatial compounding

C. Coded excitation

Which artifact is indicated by the arrows in the image? A. Shadow produced by the diaphragm B. Acoustic enhancement C. Comet Tail D. Mirror Image

C. Comet Tail

When the focal point in a B-mode image is electronically changed, which type of focusing is in use? A. Lens B. Mechanical C. Dynamic D. Curved crystal

C. Dynamic

When a fluid is flowing at a slow and constant rate within a long tube having a uniform diameter, which is the nature of the flow? A. Disturbed B. Turbulent C. Laminar D. pulsatile

C. Laminar

In an unfocused transducer, which term defines the region between the transducer face and the point where the beam diverges? A. Side lobe B. Focal zone C. Near field D. Far field

C. Near field

How does frequency compounding improve image quality? A .Increases frame rate B. Improves dynamic range C. Reduces speckle D. Reduces overall gain

C. Reduces Speckle

Which factor limits image frame rate? A. Transducer operating frequency B. Sample volume size C. Speed of sound in tissue D. Spatial pulse length

C. Speed of sound in tissue

What is demonstrated in this image produced by a linear array transducer placed on a uniform tissue-mimicking phantom? A. Time gain compensation not set properly B. System has low dynamic range C. Transducer crystals are damaged D. Focus control is malfunctioning

C. Transducer crystals are damaged

With harmonic imaging, how does echo frequency relate to the transmitted frequency? A. Half the transmitted frequency B. Equal to the transmitted frequency C. Twice the transmitted frequency D. For times the transmitted frequency

C. Twice the transmitted frequency

Which parameter is target Group C evaluating based on this image? A. Dead Zone B. Dynamic Range C. Axial Resolution D .Horizontal Distance accuracy

D .Horizontal Distance accuracy

Which frequency is best to evaluate structures lying 1 to 2 cm from the transducer? A. 2 MHz B. 4 MHz C. 6 MHz D. 8 MHz

D. 8 MHz

Which imaging mode requires two elements mounted side by side? A. M-mode B. B-mode C. Pulsed wave doppler D. Continuous wave doppler

D. Continuous wave doppler

Which technique results in a three-dimensional image? A. Elastography B. Harmonics C. Spatial compounding D. Surface rendering

D. Surface rendering

The center frequency of a transducer depends primarily upon which characteristic of the crystal? A. Width B. Length C. Spacing D. Thickness

D. Thickness

Which control improves the effects of attenuation? A. Dynamic range B. Pulse inversion C .Multiple focal zones D. Time gain compensation

D. Time gain compensation

What affects the beam width in the near field? A. Pulse repetition frequency B. Pulse duration C. Frame rate D. Transducer aperture

D. Transducer aperture

What determines the center frequency of a transducer? A. Diameter B. Shape C. Matching layer D. thickness

D. thickness