spinal cord and spinal nerves chapter 13

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how many pairs of coccygeal nerves are there?

1 pair

how many pairs of thoracic nerves are there?

12 pairs

The length of the adult spinal cord ranges from

42 to 45 cm

how many pairs of lumbar nerves are there?

5 pairs

how many pairs of sacral nerves are there?

5 pairs

How many cervical nerves are there?

8 pairs

The epidural space is located

Between the dura mater and the vertebrae

the cervical nerves begin and end at

C1- C8

cervical plexus

C1-C5

spinal nerves responsible for the contraction of the diaphragm and breathing are

C4-C5

The spinal nerves responsible for the movement of the subclavius muscle

C5-C6

brachial plexus extends from

C5-T1

In the center of gray matter and contains cerebrospinal fluid

Central canal

between the pia mater and the arachnoid layer

Cerebrospinal fluid

Made up of myelinated fibers that are sensory or motor fibers

Columns

lumbar plexus begins and ends at

L1- L4

When removing cerebrospinal fluid the needle is inserted below

L2

a spinal tap is normally performed in adults between the

L3- L5

sacral plexus begins and ends at

L4- S4

Contains autonomic motor neuron cell bodies

Lateral gray horn

Sensory and motor roots merge to form spinal cord these nerves are called

Mixed nerves

Anterior root carries

Motor fibers

Structural classes of Neurons whose cell bodies are present in the spinal cord

Multipolar

anterior ramus

Muscles and structures of the upper and lower limbs

Forms the spinal nerve

Posterior anterior root

Contains Cell bodies that receive impulse from sensory neurons

Posterior gray horns

Contains somatic sensory cell bodies that synapse on inter neurons or motor neurons cell body in gray matter

Posterior root ganglion

The spinal cord structure to which herpes virus retreats after chicken pox

Posterior root ganglion

Collection of axons going to and from the spinal cord

Roots

Posterior root carries

Sensory fibers

Order of structures through which sensory impulses pass as they enter the spinal cord and travel toward the brain

Spinal nerve, posterior root ganglion, posterior root, posterior gray horn, white column

Cervical

Spinal nerves C1-C5 comprise which plexus?

Brachial

Spinal nerves C5-C8 and T1-T2 comprise which plexus?

Lumbar

Spinal nerves L1-L5 comprise which plexus?

sacral

Spinal nerves L4-L5 and S1-S5 comprise which plexus?

thoracic nerves begin and end at

T1- T12

Surrounds gray matter and forms anterior lateral and posterior white columns

White matter

epidural space is located

above the dura mater

Between vertebrae L2 and S2 the spinal meninges are present, but the spinal cord is

absent

Contains somatic motor neuron cell bodies

anterior gray horn

Wide, deep groove on ventral side

anterior median fissure

Muscles and structures of the upper and lower limbs are supplied by the

anterior ramus

Motor branch of spinal nerve exiting spinal cord

anterior root

a thin, avascular covering comprised of cells and thin, loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers.

arachnoid mater

deep to the dura mater and is continuous through the foramen magnum

arachnoid mater

spider's web arrangement of delicate collagen fibers and some elastic fibers.

arachnoid mater

the middle of the meningeal membranes, is a thin, avascular covering comprised of cells and thin, loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers.

arachnoid mater

Cerebrospinal fluid is found

between arachnoid mater and pia mater

Spinal nerves C5-C8 and T1-T2 comprise which plexus?

brachial

Collection of spinal nerves that arise from inferior end of spinal cord

cauda equina

space in center of spinal cord that contains cerebrospinal fluid

central canal

Spinal nerves C1-C5 comprise which plexus?

cervical

Bulge in spinal cord containing cell bodies of motor neurons supplying upper limb

cervical enlargement

Nerves to and from the upper limbs arise from

cervical enlargement

What portion of the spinal cord connects with nerves of the upper limbs?

cervical enlargment

connects with sensory and motor nerves of the upper limbs.

cervical enlargment

disorder 'foot drop' is caused by damage to which nerve

common fibular

The spinal cord terminates at the

conus medullaris

tapered end of spinal cord

conus medullaris

the spinal cord terminates as a tapering, conical structure called the

conus medullaris

Triangular-shaped membranous extensions of the pia mater

denticulate ligaments

extensions of the pia mater suspend the spinal cord in the middle of its dural sheath

denticulate ligaments

fuse with the arachnoid mater and inner surface of the dura mater between the anterior and posterior nerve roots of spinal nerves on either side

denticulate ligaments

The most superficial of the three spinal meninges is a thick strong layer composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

dura mater

a thick strong layer composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

dura mater

forms a sac from the level of the foramen magnum in the occipital bone

dura mater

the three meninges are

dura mater arachnoid mater pia mater

space between the dura mater and vertebral canal

epidural space

The dura mater is also continuous with the

epinerium

the outer covering of spinal and cranial nerves.

epinerium

outermost covering of a spinal nerve is the

epineurium

spinal cord in adults

extends from the medulla oblongata, the inferior part of the brain, to the superior border of the second lumbar vertebra

spinal cord in children

extends to the third or fourth lumbar vertebra.

located in the epidural space

fat and blood vessels

Extension of pia mater that attaches spinal cord to coccyx

filum terminale

Connects gray matter to left and right side of spinal cord

gray commissure

Connects right and left halves of gray matter in spinal cord

gray commissure

Contains neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers

gray matter

partial transection of the cord on either side is called a

hemisection

L2

hip flexors

Between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater is a thin subdural space, which contains

interstitial fluid

Spinal nerves L1-L5 comprise which plexus?

lumbar

Bulge in spinal cord at T9-T12

lumbar enlargement

a spinal tap is also called

lumbar puncture

crossed extensor reflex allows you to

maintain your balance

three protective layers of connective tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord

meninges

protect the spinal cord and provide physical stability

meninges, vertebral column

epinerium

outer covering of spinal and cranial nerves

Denticulate ligaments are thickenings of

pia mater

This innermost meninx is a thin transparent connective tissue layer that adheres to the surface of the spinal cord and brain.

pia mater

consists of thin squamous to cuboidal cells within interlacing bundles of collagen fibers and some fine elastic fibers.

pia mater

virus that produces paralysis by destroying cell bodies of neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord characterizes

poliomyelitis

reflex arc that involves more than two types of neurons and more than one CNS synapse is a/an

polysynaptic

gracilis fasciculus and the cuneate fasciculus comprise the

posterior column

Shallow groove on dorsal side

posterior median sulcus

Sensory branch of spinal nerve entering spinal cord

posterior root

area of the spinal cord that contains only sensory axons is

posterior root

contains sensory neuron cell bodies

posterior root ganglion

Spinal nerves L4-L5 and S1-S5 comprise which plexus?

sacral

The spinal cord ends around the

second lumbar vertabra

the spinal meninges and circulating cerebrospinal fluid extend to the

second sacral vertabra S2

the denticulate ligaments protect the spinal cord against sudden displacement that could result in

shock

located within the vertebral canal of the vertebral column

spinal cord

Pulling your hand away from a hot stove is an example of a/an

spinal reflex

the ipsilateral reflex responsible for maintaining muscle tone

stretch

Between the arachnoid mater and pia mater is a space called

subarachnoid space

Between the arachnoid mater and pia mater is a space which is the

subarachnoid space

contains shock-absorbing cerebrospinal fluid

subarachnoid space

contains shock-absorbing cerebrospinal fluid.

subarachnoid space

Between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater is a thin

subdural space

contains interstitial fluid.

subdural space

the space between the dura mater and arachnoid mater

subdural space

lumbar enlargement

supplies lower limbs

Within the pia mater are many blood vessels that

supply oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord

used as a landmark for administering a spinal tap

supracristal line

meninges

three protective layers of connective tissue

form the vertebral canal

vertebral foramina

arachnoid mater

weblike middle layer of the three meninges

contains myelinated axons

white matter


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