SPMT 217 Exam 1
product, price, place, promotion
4 P's of marketing
Title IX
A comprehensive statute aimed at eliminating sex discrimination in any educational program or activity that receives federal funding.
Jockey Club
A group established in Newmarket, England, around 1750 to settle disputes, establish rules, determine eligibility, designate officials, regulate breeding, and punish unscrupulous participants in the sport of thoroughbred racing
Modern Olympic Games
An international athletic event, started in 1896, based on ancient Greek athletic games
Hera Games
Competitive games for female athletes held in ancient Greece, counterpart to the male-only Olympic Games.
Frederick Taylor
Father of scientific management
Matt Levine
Former owner of the Warriors; credited with formalizing customer research in sport industry; audience audit, intercepts, focus groups
Sponsorships
How did Fred Corcoran fund his golf tournaments?
creating the pennant race
How did William Hulbert create a market for the game of baseball to keep fans and players interested for the whole season?
Bill Veeck
Known as one of the most innovative promoters and credited for many commonly used promotions today
Vicarious Liability
Legal doctrine under which a party can be held liable for the wrongful actions of another party.
Walter O'Malley
Owner of the Brooklyn Dodgers during the mid 1900's who co-invented the idea of sport management curriculum
James G. Mason
Physical educator at the Unversiry of Miami who was a co-inventor of the idea of a sport management curriculum
clubs
Sport management structures composed of a limited number of members who organize events, standardize rules, and settle disputes.
professional tournaments
Sporting events that are sponsored by community groups, corporations, or charities; players earn their income through prize money and endorsements.
sport management structures
Structures that help managers organize sport and are the basic building blocks of many of our sports today (Ex: clubs, leagues, and professional tournaments)
William Hulbert
The "Czar of Baseball"; he developed the National League of Professional Baseball Players
Fred Corcoran
The architect of the professional golf tournament
participative decision making
The involvement of several individuals in making decisions; in business, the participation of employees in decisions to be made by management
National League of Professional Baseball Players
The successor to the National Association of Professional Baseball Players; formed in 1876, it was a stronger body in which authority for the management of baseball rested
Curt Flood Act
This act granted Major League Baseball players, but not minor leaguers, the legal right to sue their employers under the Sherman Act.
Stadium Construction
What are bonds primarily used for in sports?
Financing with debt is less expensive than financing with equity, but carries more risk.
What are the tradeoffs of financing for an owner?
ethnic marketing and generational marketing
What are two increasingly popular bases of segmentation?
Value added
What is the best single measure of an industry's impact?
DIM; developing, implementing, managing
What method is used to establish a risk management program?
baseball
What sport did many of the earliest lawsuits in sports involve?
Equitable relief and monetary damages
What two remedies can the court grant?
Ohio University
What university had the first sport management academic program?
1972; Boston College's Law School Professor Robert Berry
When and by who was sport law first documented?
Athens, Greece
Where were the first modern Olympic games held?
MLB
Which league is the only professional sport league exempt from antitrust laws?
Mark McCormack, founder of IMG
Who invented sport marketing?
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
a company-wide business strategy designed to optimize profitability, revenue, and customer satisfaction by focusing on highly defined and precise customer groups
organizational behavior
a field of study devoted to understanding, explaining, and ultimately improving the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations
Creating demand
a marketer's primary job
motivation
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
target markets
a particular group of consumers at which a product or service is aimed
Commission on Sport Management Accreditation (COSMA)
a specialized accrediting body whose purpose is to promote and recognize excellence in sport management education at colleges and universities
relationship marketing
a strategy that focuses on keeping and improving relationships with current customers
intercept interviews
also known as "pass-by interviews"; a variation of the in-person interview; typically occurs in a mall or public place where interviewers intercept shoppers and ask them to answer questions
Gross negligence
an action committed with extreme reckless disregard for the property or life of another person
delegation
assigning responsibility and accountability for results to employees
National Association of Professional Baseball Players
association formed by a group of professional baseball teams in 1871, splitting off from the amateur club system
managing technology
being familiar with technology and using it to one's advantage
England
birthplace of modern sport and sport management
organizational politics
can be seen as actions by individuals in an organization that are directed toward the goal of furthering their own self-interests
ambush marketing
capitalizing on the goodwill associated with an event without becoming an official sponsor
negligence
careless neglect, often resulting in injury
planning
defining organizational goals and determining the appropriate way to achieve those goals
Thoroughbred Racing
earliest example of club management
empowerment
encouraging employees to take initiative and make decisions within their area of operations
Pierre de Coubertin
founder of the modern Olympic games
leagues
group of teams that compete against each other in a specific sport
segmentation
identifying subgroups of the overall marketplace based on a variety of factors
evaluating
measuring and assuring progress toward organizational objectives
Human Relations Movement
proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity
organizing
putting plans into action; the manager determines what types of jobs need to be performed and who will be responsible for doing them
North American Society for Sport Management (NASSM)
scholarly organization that promotes, stimulates, and encourages study, research, scholarly writing, and professional development in the area of sport management
scientific management
studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques
leading
the "action" part of management; the manager is involved in directing the activities of employees. as he or she is trying to accomplish organizational goals
emotional intelligence
the ability of workers to identify and acknowledge emotions when they occur and allow rational thoughts to influence their actions
initiative
the ability to assess and initiate things independently
communication skills
the ability to speak, listen, and write effectively
people skills
the ability to work well with others by using polite communication procedures
sponsorship
the acquisition of rights to affiliate or directly associate with a product or event. for the. purpose of deriving benefits related to that affiliation
Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA)
the contract agreed to by the players and owners for all provisions related to hours, wages, and terms and conditions of employment
Finance
the management of large amounts of money, especially by governments or large companies
Fan Identification
the personal commitment and emotional involvement customers have with a sports organization
decision making
the process of making a choice or finding a solution
Marketing Mix
the set of tactical marketing tools (product, price, place, and promotion) that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market
marketing
the task of creating, promoting, and delivering goods and services to consumers and businesses
diversity
variety