SPMT 217 Exam 1

product, price, place, promotion

4 P's of marketing

Title IX

A comprehensive statute aimed at eliminating sex discrimination in any educational program or activity that receives federal funding.

Jockey Club

A group established in Newmarket, England, around 1750 to settle disputes, establish rules, determine eligibility, designate officials, regulate breeding, and punish unscrupulous participants in the sport of thoroughbred racing

Modern Olympic Games

An international athletic event, started in 1896, based on ancient Greek athletic games

Hera Games

Competitive games for female athletes held in ancient Greece, counterpart to the male-only Olympic Games.

Frederick Taylor

Father of scientific management

Matt Levine

Former owner of the Warriors; credited with formalizing customer research in sport industry; audience audit, intercepts, focus groups

Sponsorships

How did Fred Corcoran fund his golf tournaments?

creating the pennant race

How did William Hulbert create a market for the game of baseball to keep fans and players interested for the whole season?

Bill Veeck

Known as one of the most innovative promoters and credited for many commonly used promotions today

Vicarious Liability

Legal doctrine under which a party can be held liable for the wrongful actions of another party.

Walter O'Malley

Owner of the Brooklyn Dodgers during the mid 1900's who co-invented the idea of sport management curriculum

James G. Mason

Physical educator at the Unversiry of Miami who was a co-inventor of the idea of a sport management curriculum

clubs

Sport management structures composed of a limited number of members who organize events, standardize rules, and settle disputes.

professional tournaments

Sporting events that are sponsored by community groups, corporations, or charities; players earn their income through prize money and endorsements.

sport management structures

Structures that help managers organize sport and are the basic building blocks of many of our sports today (Ex: clubs, leagues, and professional tournaments)

William Hulbert

The "Czar of Baseball"; he developed the National League of Professional Baseball Players

Fred Corcoran

The architect of the professional golf tournament

participative decision making

The involvement of several individuals in making decisions; in business, the participation of employees in decisions to be made by management

National League of Professional Baseball Players

The successor to the National Association of Professional Baseball Players; formed in 1876, it was a stronger body in which authority for the management of baseball rested

Curt Flood Act

This act granted Major League Baseball players, but not minor leaguers, the legal right to sue their employers under the Sherman Act.

Stadium Construction

What are bonds primarily used for in sports?

Financing with debt is less expensive than financing with equity, but carries more risk.

What are the tradeoffs of financing for an owner?

ethnic marketing and generational marketing

What are two increasingly popular bases of segmentation?

Value added

What is the best single measure of an industry's impact?

DIM; developing, implementing, managing

What method is used to establish a risk management program?

baseball

What sport did many of the earliest lawsuits in sports involve?

Equitable relief and monetary damages

What two remedies can the court grant?

Ohio University

What university had the first sport management academic program?

1972; Boston College's Law School Professor Robert Berry

When and by who was sport law first documented?

Athens, Greece

Where were the first modern Olympic games held?

MLB

Which league is the only professional sport league exempt from antitrust laws?

Mark McCormack, founder of IMG

Who invented sport marketing?

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

a company-wide business strategy designed to optimize profitability, revenue, and customer satisfaction by focusing on highly defined and precise customer groups

organizational behavior

a field of study devoted to understanding, explaining, and ultimately improving the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations

Creating demand

a marketer's primary job

motivation

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

target markets

a particular group of consumers at which a product or service is aimed

Commission on Sport Management Accreditation (COSMA)

a specialized accrediting body whose purpose is to promote and recognize excellence in sport management education at colleges and universities

relationship marketing

a strategy that focuses on keeping and improving relationships with current customers

intercept interviews

also known as "pass-by interviews"; a variation of the in-person interview; typically occurs in a mall or public place where interviewers intercept shoppers and ask them to answer questions

Gross negligence

an action committed with extreme reckless disregard for the property or life of another person

delegation

assigning responsibility and accountability for results to employees

National Association of Professional Baseball Players

association formed by a group of professional baseball teams in 1871, splitting off from the amateur club system

managing technology

being familiar with technology and using it to one's advantage

England

birthplace of modern sport and sport management

organizational politics

can be seen as actions by individuals in an organization that are directed toward the goal of furthering their own self-interests

ambush marketing

capitalizing on the goodwill associated with an event without becoming an official sponsor

negligence

careless neglect, often resulting in injury

planning

defining organizational goals and determining the appropriate way to achieve those goals

Thoroughbred Racing

earliest example of club management

empowerment

encouraging employees to take initiative and make decisions within their area of operations

Pierre de Coubertin

founder of the modern Olympic games

leagues

group of teams that compete against each other in a specific sport

segmentation

identifying subgroups of the overall marketplace based on a variety of factors

evaluating

measuring and assuring progress toward organizational objectives

Human Relations Movement

proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity

organizing

putting plans into action; the manager determines what types of jobs need to be performed and who will be responsible for doing them

North American Society for Sport Management (NASSM)

scholarly organization that promotes, stimulates, and encourages study, research, scholarly writing, and professional development in the area of sport management

scientific management

studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques

leading

the "action" part of management; the manager is involved in directing the activities of employees. as he or she is trying to accomplish organizational goals

emotional intelligence

the ability of workers to identify and acknowledge emotions when they occur and allow rational thoughts to influence their actions

initiative

the ability to assess and initiate things independently

communication skills

the ability to speak, listen, and write effectively

people skills

the ability to work well with others by using polite communication procedures

sponsorship

the acquisition of rights to affiliate or directly associate with a product or event. for the. purpose of deriving benefits related to that affiliation

Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA)

the contract agreed to by the players and owners for all provisions related to hours, wages, and terms and conditions of employment

Finance

the management of large amounts of money, especially by governments or large companies

Fan Identification

the personal commitment and emotional involvement customers have with a sports organization

decision making

the process of making a choice or finding a solution

Marketing Mix

the set of tactical marketing tools (product, price, place, and promotion) that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market

marketing

the task of creating, promoting, and delivering goods and services to consumers and businesses

diversity

variety