Sports and Society Chapter 11

Racial Differences in Sports

-Biological (not supported) -Cultural (emphasis on activities, seen as means for social mobility, role models) -opportunity (facilities, resources)

Latino and Hispanic Athletes

-Hispanic: all spanish speaking countries -Latino: Latin America -baseball and soccer -National Hispanic Games

African Americans in College Sports

-drop in division III b/c can't offer good scholarships -larger presence in revenue producing sports (football and basketball)

Asian American Athletes

-fastest growing population w/ Latinos -sport not used for economic, social, or educational goals -culture and body type mean different sporting choices

Native American Athletes

-only make up 0.9% of population -50% poverty rate on reservations -dehumanizing logos -Native American Sports Council is part of Olympic Movement -North American Indigenous Games -Lacrosse: increases 10% every year since 1994

Sport as Negative Force for Equality

-pro sport is unrealistic goal -graduation rates higher for Black athletes than non athletes -Black families 8x more likely to pressure child intro sport

Ways to promote diversity in sport

-require leaders to report racism -media needs to recruit minority journalists -get government support for programs -adopt nondiscrimination policies

African American Sport History

-rise after WWII -1950's: participation percentages matched population percentages (11%) -1960's civil rights movement -overrepresented in basketball and football but underrepresented in all other -not many in high jobs

Exploitation of Minority athletes

-special treatment in classes -pressured into easy majors -low graduation rate -Women have double jeopardy -not in athletes best interests

Sport as Positive Force for Equality

-sport success linked with self-confidence -way out of poverty for some -integration is easier through sports -free school based programs -unique travel possibilities that raise awareness -encourages a healthy lifestyle

College Sport Participation Percentage by Race

White- 72% African- 18.3% -higher basketball % than whites Latino- 3.9% Asian- 1.6%

minorities

all groups except whites

racism

belief that race determines human traits and characteristics and that racial difference results in the superiority of a particular race

Shifting Demographics

less whites, more hispanics and asians, same africans

Race/Ethnicity Definition

race- attributes that are passed down genetically ethnicity- cultural heritage or group of people

Stacking

unusual distribution of whites and blacks in certain sports positions that can't be explained by a random distribution -whites in thinking and outcome control positions -blacks in speed positions