Sports and Society Chapter 11
Racial Differences in Sports
-Biological (not supported) -Cultural (emphasis on activities, seen as means for social mobility, role models) -opportunity (facilities, resources)
Latino and Hispanic Athletes
-Hispanic: all spanish speaking countries -Latino: Latin America -baseball and soccer -National Hispanic Games
African Americans in College Sports
-drop in division III b/c can't offer good scholarships -larger presence in revenue producing sports (football and basketball)
Asian American Athletes
-fastest growing population w/ Latinos -sport not used for economic, social, or educational goals -culture and body type mean different sporting choices
Native American Athletes
-only make up 0.9% of population -50% poverty rate on reservations -dehumanizing logos -Native American Sports Council is part of Olympic Movement -North American Indigenous Games -Lacrosse: increases 10% every year since 1994
Sport as Negative Force for Equality
-pro sport is unrealistic goal -graduation rates higher for Black athletes than non athletes -Black families 8x more likely to pressure child intro sport
Ways to promote diversity in sport
-require leaders to report racism -media needs to recruit minority journalists -get government support for programs -adopt nondiscrimination policies
African American Sport History
-rise after WWII -1950's: participation percentages matched population percentages (11%) -1960's civil rights movement -overrepresented in basketball and football but underrepresented in all other -not many in high jobs
Exploitation of Minority athletes
-special treatment in classes -pressured into easy majors -low graduation rate -Women have double jeopardy -not in athletes best interests
Sport as Positive Force for Equality
-sport success linked with self-confidence -way out of poverty for some -integration is easier through sports -free school based programs -unique travel possibilities that raise awareness -encourages a healthy lifestyle
College Sport Participation Percentage by Race
White- 72% African- 18.3% -higher basketball % than whites Latino- 3.9% Asian- 1.6%
minorities
all groups except whites
racism
belief that race determines human traits and characteristics and that racial difference results in the superiority of a particular race
Shifting Demographics
less whites, more hispanics and asians, same africans
Race/Ethnicity Definition
race- attributes that are passed down genetically ethnicity- cultural heritage or group of people
Stacking
unusual distribution of whites and blacks in certain sports positions that can't be explained by a random distribution -whites in thinking and outcome control positions -blacks in speed positions
