SPOs

Explain the ultimate reason for law enforcement training.

To be able to protect the life and property of yourself and the public

Three Resulting Judgments of Police Legitimacy in Action That Translate into Positive Results

1) JUDGEMENT - public trust and confidence in the police as being honest, trying to do jobs well, trying to protect the community RESULT - individuals are more likely to become actively invoked in police community partnerships 2) JUDGEMENT - public willingness to defer to the law and police authority RESULT - those who see the police as legitimate have an increased willingness to cooperate 3) JUDGMENT - public belief that police actions are morally justified and appropriate RESULT - citizens are more likely to cooperate in a moment of crisis

Steps to the decision making model

1) define the problem, being aware that how you define the problem determines where and how you will look for solutions 2) identify alternative solutions Available to address the problem - at a minimum, three and, ideally, more than five 3) evaluate the idea died alternatives - list the pros and cons of each; different site between known facts and personal beliefs about the situation 4) make the decision 5) implement the decision 6) evaluate the decision

Explain items to consider when exercising discretion

1. use sound judgment to determine when laws are to be formally enforced. 2. determine if there is a more constructive remedy to a situation with out an arrest ( example refering a homeless man to a shelter instead of arresting him for trespassing.

Conspiracy, attempt, complicity

2923.01 conspiracy - is the action of plotting against the law, usually by two or more people. This is the stage of planning of a crime. Conspiracy is against the law, and usually it is done secretly and only known among the members of the plan 2923.02 attempt - An effort or endeavor to accomplish a crime, amounting to more than mere preparation or planning for it, and which, if not prevented, would have resulted in the full consummation of the act attempted, but which, in fact does not bring to pass the party's ultimate design 2923.03 complicity - is an instance in which somebody becomes aware of an illegal action, but he/she does not make any attempt to report it to the relevant authorities.

Under the Ohio revised code, a person found to have misused LEADS is guilty of

A felony of the fifth degree

Jurisdiction is:

A governments general power to exercise authority over all persons and things within its territory Exclusive jurisdiction - enforcement authority granted to only one law enforcement agency at a particular location or on a particular subject matter. This agency is the only one that can arrest in the area Concurrent jurisdiction - enforcement authority shared by two or law law enforcement agencies at a particular location or subject matter

Explain the relationship between a student performance objective (SPO) and a test question

A test question must respond directly to an SPO and every SPO may be the basis of a test question

Why the closure stage provides an important opportunity for law enforcement

To learn not only about how the runaway survived, but to investigate if other crimes were being committed at home that may have caused the child to run

incendiary device

Any firebomb and any device designed or specially adapted to cause physical harm to persons or property by means of fire and Consisting of an incendiary substance or agency and a means to ignite it

Deadly force is

Any force, which carries a substantial risk that it will proximately result in the death of any persons

Illegal Gambling in Ohio

Any gambling that is required to be licensed or regulated by the state that is being conducted without that license or regulation

Physical harm to property is

Any tangible or intangible damage to property that, in any degree, results in loss to its value or interferes with its use or enjoyment

Force is:

Any violence, compulsion, or constraint physically exerted by any means I'm or against a person or thing

Two modes of thinking

Automatic thinking (system 1) • unconscious • effortless • automatic • very vast Deliberative thinking (system 2) • conscious • effortful • controlled • slower • deliberative

Recognize considerations for off duty situations

Behavior • Officer behavior often critisized by the community even when not on duty • not only does this refer to physical and verbal • also online media • officers are expected to up hold the law enforcement code of ethics. Situational awareness • An officer should make every effort to remain alert even when not working. • You never know when you may need to transition quickly from a private citizen to a peace officer. • Familiarize yourself with agency off duty weapon policy. Be a good witness

Information obtained from LEADS may be shared for

Criminal justice purposes only

Explain the factors necessary for the commission of a crime (crime triangle)

Desire - motivation behind criminal behavior (most difficult to change) Victim/target - the potential target. Criminals prefer an ash target that is unaware of their surroundings (difficult to change due to individual personalities) Opportunity - removing opportunity for crime with proper security measures (most effective area to concentrate crime prevention)

Generally accepted ethical responsibilities of peace officers

Ethical responsibilities are owed to • your community and it's citizens • the law enforcement profession • your agency • your family • yourself - maintain your self respect • includes treating everyone professionally Require that you NEVER • allow cynicism to cloud your view of the people who you serve • use excessive physical force when controlling combative individuals • accept gratuities • commit perjury

The Community Bank Account Concept as it Relates to Procedural Justice

Every encounter is either a deposit or withdraw Deposits - police must build up reserves if public trust through actions that reflect courtesy, kindness, and honestly Withdraws - occur from the community bank account when police actions reflect overreactions, discourteousness, or disrespectful behavior, or when police ignore people or betray their trust

Two types of bias

Explicit bias - conscious preference (positive or negative) for a social category Implicit bias -preference (positive or negative) for a social category based on stereotypes or attitudes that we hold and tend to develop early in life

Locating Agencies Must Confirm "HIT" confirmation

For any records received in response to LEADS or NCIC inquiry prior to taking the following actions based upon • arresting the wanted person • detaining the missing person • seizing the stolen property • charging the subject with violating a protection order

Certification levels for LEADS users

Fully qualified operator (FQO) • is someone who can operate LEADS access device and who had authority to enter, cancel, clear, modify, query, locate, detain, and submit hit confirmations Inquiry only operator (INQ) • is someone who can a LEADS access device and who had the authority to query, locate, and submit hit confirmations only Mobile data terminal (MDT) operator is someone who can operate a mobile access device Leads practitioner • a non-certified personal authorized to receive LEADS data

Common Motivations of Bombers

Ideological • follows a belief or ideology Experimentation • typically immature offenders, drawn by excitement and noise Vandalism • commits destruction for the sake of the act itself. Usually are amateurs, and juveniles Profit • used for direct or indirect profit / may be criminal element (insurance fraud) Emotional release • usually have mental illness • May have sexual connotations related to the bombing itself Revenge • May be motivated by real or imagined transgressions by the target with some being domestic related, closely associated with emotion release Recognition • individual creates devices to become a hero

Physical harm to persons is

Injuries, illness, or other psychologically impairment, regardless of its gravity or duration

Two types of human trafficking included in Ohio's trafficking in persons law

Involuntary servitude (labor trafficking) • being compelled to perform labor or services for another against ones will Sex trafficking • applies to a range of commercial sexual activity, including sex for hire • exchange if anything of value (money, drugs, food, shelter, protection) • applies differently depending on the victims age and weather or not the victim has a developmental disability

The major components of the criminal justice system

Law Enforcement • keep the peace • apprehend violators and combat crime • prevent crime • provide social services Courts • hold fair and impartial trials • determine guilt or innocence • impose sentences on the guilty • key personnel includes judges, prosecutors, & defense attorneys Corrections • prisons/county jails • parole • probation • halfway houses • work release programs

Traditional and non traditional media sources

Traditional - sources include television, radio, and print sources and the social media and internet accounts they maintain Non-traditional - sources include individuals or groups, operating outside of the traditional media outlets, who regularly post information on websites and social media platforms

Three types of bomb search teams

Occupant team • best method for rapid search • personnel are familiar with the area to be searched and know what doesn't belong • can not be compelled to search, and are not trained in search procedures Supervisory team • is a fast approach and least disruptive to area • best type of covert search • supervisors may not be as familiar with the area • it is easier to train a small number of supervisors than a whole staff Trained team • made up of personnel trained in bomb search • usually the most thorough team • usually police and fire personnel

PLUS filters defined

P = Policies: is it consistent with my agency's policies and procedures? L= Legal: is the action lawful? U= Universal: does it conform to the universal principles and values of my agency? S= Self: does it align with my beliefs of what is right, good, and fair?

Two-pronged Approach to Procedural Justice

Person-based approach - emphasizes the importance of face-to-face interactions between an officer and a citizen Community-based model - ultimate goal is to achieve police legitimacy throughout entire society

Who is at risk for being trafficked

Persons that are: • vulnerable • accessible & lacking credibility Ex: • runaways & throwaways • foreign born persons • migrant workers • drug addicts • persons with mental disabilities or illness

The four dimensions of a "whole person" and the focus of each that, collectively, contribute to a persons effectiveness

Physical - a healthy body: strength & endurance Mental - a healthy mine: feeding, challenging, growing of the mind Emotional - a healthy heart: positive emotions, managing energy Spiritual - a healthy spirit: purposeful, serving a cause, faithful to self

Information an officer should document and provide when making a referral to a children's services agency

Physical Abuse • serious or multiple inflicted injuries to any area of the body • any inflicted injury requiring medical attention • injury to vulnerable or sensitive areas of the body (eyes, genitalia) • injuries not consistent with the history given • widespread bruising • multiple injuries in various stages of the healing process • corporal punishment of a child less than one year old • any dangerous acts (electric shock, preventing a child from breathing) that place the child at risk of serious harm • signs of abusing head trauma/ shaken baby syndrome • intentionally pulling a child's hair out • injury is a result of DV directed at the child • caregiver forced the child to eat non food item or a food item in an excessive amount that can be toxic • caregiver denies child proper amounts of food and water

Culpable Mental States

Purposely - specific intention to cause a certain result Knowingly - aware that conduct will probably cause a certain result Recklessly - with heedless indifference to the consequences Negligently - because of substantial lapses of due care, fail to perceive or avoid a risk that conduct may cause a certain result

What the officer should do if the initial investigation is complete and the child is still missing

Reach out to additional resources such as surrounding agencies, a local child abduction response team (CART), BCI, and the FBI.

External Influences on Behavior

• relationships with friends and family • local citizens • local media • department regulations • inter-department policies • police sub-culture

PLUS filters should be applied at each of the following steps of the decision making model

Step 1 (define the problem) Step 3 (evaluate alternative solutions) Step 6 (evaluate the decision)

Red flag indicators of human trafficking

Suspicious locations observed from outside • windows that are blocked, sealed or blacked out • doors that are chained, locked, sealed • guards and or guard dogs • surveillance cameras and buzzer system for enter • gates, barbed wire fencing, self contained camps or compounds • large amount of foot traffic (especially males) • lighten "open" sign on building after hours • rear entrance only for business Indicators from inside • large amounts of cash • multiple laptops or cell phones • appointment and receipt books • appearance that individuals are living in site • sparse rooms with beds or mattresses • high heels, lingerie, lotions, condoms • repay credit cards • playing cards • evidence of frequent travel (plane ticket/bus)

Statutory law is

The body of law derived from statues, rather than from constitutions or judicial decisions

Case law is:

The law found in the collection of reported cases that form all or part of the body of law within a given jurisdiction

Considerations to be made when investigating a missing child or adult and when recovering a victim of human trafficking

The missing child or adult you are investigating may be a victim of human trafficking; the victim of human trafficking that you are recovering may have been reported missing

Explosive Effects of an IED

Thermal • High explosives - short duration • Low explosives - long duration • Powered by aluminum or magnesium may be used to increase temp Blast • The two pages of a blast are positive and negative • in the positive phase, then blast wave moves out and pushed the air out creating a vacuum • the negative phase is when the air rushes back to full the vacuum or void caused by the initial positive phase Fragmentation - the material thrown out by the blast that is in close proximity to the point of detonation • primary - made up of the container, munitions case, or Shrapnel. Moved thousands of feet per second • secondary - May include primary fragmentation and debris located near the blast area. Moved hundreds of feet per second

Common methods used to initiate an IED

Time fired • IED imitated after pre-set time delay • can be mechanical, analog, digital, or electronic timing mechanisms (clock, watches, integrated circuits, timers, burning fuse) Victim operated • IED imitated by actions of unsuspecting individuals • can be caused by things such as disturbance, pressure, pressure release, tension/pull, tension release/push, light, sound, magnetic, and infra-red devices Command initiated • bomber to choose optimum moment to imitate IED • can be imitated by cell phones, radios, doorbells, keyless enters system, pagers, any combination of transmitter/receiver, mechanical (pull/release), car alarms, command wire

Sarah model

• scan • analysis • response • assessment

Victim Mindset as it Pertains to a Victim of Human Trafficking

Why they don't leave • fear of the perpetrator • May develop traumatic bonds with the perpetrator and will defend them Sex traffickers often take the following roles • the protector • role of a friend, lover, boyfriend, husband • role of teach, mentor, father, discipline figure • they capitalize on girls not knowing what normal relationships are like • isolation, captivity, or confinement • shame or self blame • May be completely unaware of their rights • fear of law enforcement

Crime is:

an act that the law makes punishable Broken into elements such as: • (actus Reus) an unlawful act • (Mens rea) a mental intent • (concurrence) occur at the same time • (causation) bring about a particular result made unlawful by statute

Serious Physical Harm to Property is

any physical harm to property that does either of the following • results in substantial loss to the value of property, or requires a substantial amount of time, effort, or money to repair or replace • temporarily prevents the use or enjoyment of the property or substantially interferes with its use or enjoyment for an extended period of time

When the missing person is 21 years of age or older and foul play is suspected

• All information contained in the report must be entered into NCIC within 7 days • However, officers are strongly encouraged to enter the information immediately

explosive device

• Any device designed or specially adapted to cause physical harm to persons or property by means of an explosion and Consisting of an explosive substance or agency and a means to detonate it • Includes, any bomb, any explosive demolition device, any blasting cap or detonator containing an explosive charge and Any pressure vessel that has been knowingly tampered with or arranged so as to explode

Methods of Lineups

• show up - a police procedure in which a suspect is show singly to a witness for identification, rather than as part of a lineup • photo lineup - identification procedure in which an array of photographs of the suspect and additional photos of other persons not suspected of the offense is displayed for the eyewitness • live lineup - an identification procedure in which a group of persons, including the suspect is displayed to the eye witness

Serious Physical Harm to Persons is

• Any mental illness or condition of such gravity as would normally require hospitalization or prolonged psychiatric treatment •Any physical harm that carries a substantial risk of death • Any physical harm that involves some permanent incapacity, whether partial or total, or that involves some temporary, substantial incapacity • Any physical harm that involves some permanent disfigurement or that involves some temporary, serious disfigurement • Any physical harm that involves acute (i.e., severe) pain of such duration as to result in substantial suffering or that involves any degree of prolonged or intractable pain

Acts of commission (criminal)

• At first, these acts may appear innocuous and not much different than acts of administrative commission • common examples are theft and misappropriation • rationalization - nobody is being hurt, except for possibly the bad guys who deserve it anyways

Upon arrival at the scene the initial officer assigned to report of a missing child shall

• Conduct a preliminary interview of the person making the report. • Verify the child is missing • Secure a recent photo of the child or upload into NCIC and other distribution.

Criteria that must be met before activating an amber alert

• Confirmation that the child is under 18 years old • Belief that the abduction poses a credible threat of immediate danger of serious bodily harm or death to the child • Sufficient descriptive information about the child, the suspect and/ or the circumstances surrounding the abduction to believe that the activation of the alert will help locate the child • Determine that the child is not a runaway and has not been abducted as a result of a family abduction, unless the investigation determines the child is in immediate danger of serious bodily harm or death

Information an Officer Should Gather During a Preliminary Interview in a Family Abduction Missing Child Case

• Determine who has custody rights • Confirm the suspected family member as the actual abductor • Ask questions to Establish the intent of the abductor • does the abductor have a criminal history • ask additional questions

Types of Racism

• Individual racism - Internalized, unexpressed biases and prejudices based on race • Interpersonal racism - Occurs between individuals. Includes public expressions of racial prejudice and hate made by individuals • Institutional racism - Race based discriminatory policies and treatment that are produced and perpetuated by institutions (e.g., schools, mass media, governments, banks) that result in inequitable opportunities and impacts. • Structural racism - Refers to the collective way history, culture, and institutions reinforce and perpetuate racialized outcomes, even in the absence of racist intent

The process for arresting a juvenile

• Juvenile is suspected of, or caught violating a law. • If the offence is more serious, the officer should begin standard investigation procedures, interview, and contact guardian. • If the officer believes probable cause exists to charge the youth, the youth can be taken into custody for processing. IE.. finger printing, photo, and interrogation. • Juvenile may be placed in juvenile detention or released to the guardian • Officer should take the opportunity to refer the juvenile and guardian to community resources. • Interview and interrogation - has same rights as adult and must be read Miranda. • When questioning a juvenile, the officer should consider several factors. • Do they under stand their rights and severity of the crime? • Considerations on school grounds, some schools require a rep or parent to be present during questioning. • NO REQUIREMENT to notify parents. • Become familiar with charges specific to school grounds.

Legal Gambling in Ohio

• Licensed casino games which are regulated by the Ohio Casino Control Commission • Games regulated by the OHIO Lottery Commission • Licensed bingo which is regulated by the Ohio Attorney General • Licensed horse racing which is regulated by the Ohio State Racing Commission

Social weighting (internal influences on behavior)

• Officer makes select social comparisons to justify the unethical conduct • minimize his/her participation in the unethical behavior by saying another officer is worse

State the core concepts of community policing

• Partnership between Police & Community • Crime prevention • Organizational Change in Agency • A problem solving approach to the police role that is proactive

Information stored in the computerized criminal history file (CCH)

• Personal identifier • demographics • accounting of the individuals progress through the justice system • arrest • trial or other resolution • appeal or retrial • release, parole, probation • each record contrails a reminder that the record only contains info from a single state and the info should only be considered current for the date of request

Types of Child Abuse

• Physical abuse - an act of commission toward a child by the parent or caregiver that results in harm to the child or is intended to harm the child • Neglect - an act of omission that can be a single event or pattern of unsafe inadequate care • Sexual abuse - engaging in sexual activities with children who cannot give consent and do not understand significance of sexual acts • Emotional abuse - damaging interactions between a parent or caregiver and child that are repeated resulting in the child feeling unwanted, unloved, or worthless

How to interview a human trafficking victim

• Preferable before the interview, identify other resources agencies in your area and communicate with them. • If you are responding officer to situation, your preliminary interview will be you key to gathering info as to whether or not you should investigate further or contact additional resources. • You may encounter traffickers who will attempt to offer explanations of the situation, which makes it extremely important for you to note the following about the crime scene. Living conditions, working conditions, frequent moves, no ID, and Legally in the US. • Victims may deny or lie to LE • Build Rapport with victim • Build trust • Be patient and don't label • Location must be away from perp and comfortable.

The purposes of the bill of rights

• Protect an individuals freedoms • Prevent the government from interfering in protected rights

The goals of sentencing

• Punish the offender and in many cases, rehabilitate the offender • Protect society • Restore the victim as much as possible

The relationship between race, genetics, and physical characteristics

• Race is a modern concept used to classify people by similar, observable physical characteristics • It is not, as many people think, based on genetics • Despite surface appearances, humans are one of the most genetically similar of all species and ... • Within the human species, there is no distinct genetic profile that completely distinguishes one so-called race from another • This is because most genetically influenced traits, like skin color, hair, eye shape, blood type, athleticism, and intelligence, are inherited completely independent of one another

Responsibilities of a law enforcement agency in a missing child case

• Response to the missing child report should be immediate. • Understand there is no waiting period before a child can be reported missing. • Immediately enter the info regarding all missing children, including runaways, into NCIC. • Notify neighboring agencies. • Notify the FBI - mandated to assist in searches for children under 12 • Remove entry from NCIC if child is found.

The connection between in-groups, out-groups, and police legitimacy

• Some individuals interpret their encounters with police in terms of their group's societal position rather than, or in addition to, the immediate circumstances of the police contact

Criteria that must be met before activating an endangered missing adult alert.

• The person is confirmed to be missing • The individual is 65 years of age or older or has a mental impairment • The disappearance of the individual poses a credible threat of immediate danger of serious bodily harm or death to the individual • There is sufficient descriptive information about the individual and the circumstances surrounding the individual's disappearance to indicate that activation of the alert will help locate the individual

Drug use and abuse (child)

• a child has access to drugs and or drug paraphernalia (needles) • caretaker knowingly allows access/exposure to a drug lab • child is used as part of a drug distribution operation • caregiver is arrested for operating a vehicle under the influence with a child in the car • caregiver gives child inappropriate doses of medication creating a threat of harm or injury • caregiver uses illegal substances with child • caregiver encouraged the child to come intoxicated or become intoxicated with the caregiver

Federal and Ohio juvenile holding violations occur when

• an accused or adjudicated status offender is held securely • an accused delinquent offender is held over six hours, if alleged to have committed a felony offense • and accused delinquent offender is held over three hours, if alleged to have committed a misdemeanor or status offense • an adjudicated delinquent is sentenced to a secure adult jail/prison • any juvenile that is held securely is not sight and sound separate from adult offenders

denial of responsibility (internal influences on behavior)

• argue that acted improperly because no other options existed • frequently occurred in an environment in which that is the subculture in which "everyone was doing it" • Officer perceived himself/herself as a victim, having no real choice but to participate

Moral justification (internal influences on behavior)

• argue that sometimes it is necessary to break the rules for the greater good • not only excuses the unethical behavior, but can glorify it was in the name of justice • noble cause corruption Ex: planting evidence, perjury, falsifying reports

denial of injury (internal influences on behavior)

• argue that the action did not hurt anyone, so no ethical misconduct Ex: officer steals illegal profits from drug dealer and it would be difficult to determine the aggrieved party Rationalization: Officer neutralizes his own misconduct by comparing it to the actions of a criminal

denial of victim (internal influences on behavior)

• argue that violated party deserved to be victimized Ex: Officer steals cash from suspected drug dealer during search Rationalization: it's not the dealers money because he got it illegally

Circumstances when filming police officers is permissible

• at least one party to the encounter consents or • when officers are carrying out their duties in public, so long as it does not interfere with the officers carrying out their duties

Interviewing a returned runaway child

• begin by building rapport with the child • ask open ended questions to determine if a crime is being committed at home (abuse, neglect, domestic violence) • ask open ended questions to determine if a crime (abuse, assault, human trafficking, drug use) occurred while he/she was in the streets

Process (Continuum of Compromise)

• begins with the perceived sense of victimization by citizens in the streets then progresses to: • alienation from the public and sense of duty to it • alienation from the criminal justice system • alienation from the department administration

Continuum of Compromise

• being exposed on a regular basis to "special authority" and at the same time being exposed in a daily basis to harsh realities and an element of society that operates without values, combine to serve Roy challenge an officers core value system. • transformation from idealistic, ethical officer to self serving, unethical officer is typically a subtle process

Key similarities between traditional and non-traditional media

• both afforded the same first ademendment protections • both entitled to the same physical access to the scene of an incidents each other and any private citizen • both want access to information, in a user friendly form, with audio and visuals and they want it in a timely fashion • both are entitled to the same access to information as each other and any private citizen

Neglect (child)

• child left with inappropriate caregiver or no caregiver • caregiver cannot provide for child's basic needs • caregiver whereabouts are unknown and child is to be alone • caregiver tells the child to not return home and provides no alternate placement • caregiver leaves child alone for significant amounts of time • caregiver leaves infant/toddler in vehicle with no supervision • caregiver home presents a safety or health hazard due to conditions (garbage, rotted food, exposed wiring, rodent infestation) • caregiver improperly retrains the child (handcuffed to a bed, taped to a chair) locks the child in confined spaces • caregiver does not provide for educational needs of the child

Sexual abuse (child)

• child under the age of 18 ententes in sexual activity with any relative, regardless of force or coercion • an adult acting in loco parent is that ententes in sexual conduct/contact with a child • a child between the ages of 13-16 ententes in sexual activity with any person more than 4 years older than the child • caregiver touches a child's genitalia for purposes other than hygiene • caregiver had the child touch caregivers genitalia • caregiver masturbates in front of child or ask child to masturbate • caregiver makes no attempt to prevent child from observing sexual behavior • caregiver shows child pornographic material • caregiver tricks or forces a child into sexual play

Biased based profiling and criminal profiling

• criminal profiling - based on observed behaviors and characteristics • bias based profiling - the factors of race/ethnicity and bias towards that race are initiating factors for law enforcement intervention

List a peace officer's main goals

• enforce laws • preserve the peace • prevent crimes • protect civil rights and liberties • provide services

The Four Core Principles/Pillars of Procedural Justice

• giving others a voice (listening) • neutrality in decision making • respectful treatment • trustworthiness

Conditions under the ORC that allow a peace officer to remove a child from his/her caregiver

• if there are reasonable grounds to believe that the child is suffering from illness or injury and is not receiving proper care, as described in R.C 2151.03, and the child's removal is necessary to prevent immediate or threatened physical or emotional harm • if there are reasonable grounds to believe that the child is in immediate danger from the child's surroundings and that the child's removal is necessary to prevent immediate or threatened physical or emotional harm • if there are reasonable grounds to believe that a parent, guardian, or other household member has abused or neglected another child in the house, and to believe that child is in danger of immediate or threatened physical or emotional harm • if there are reasonable grounds to believe the conduct, conditions, or surroundings of the child are endangering the health, welfare, or safety of the child

Why it is an Officer's Responsibility to Investigate All Aspects of the Runaway's Life

• in the past runaways, especially older teens, were viewed as a social problem best handled by families, teachers, or social service professionals • today law enforcement is more aware of the fact that all missing children including runaways, are at risk and need to be located as quickly as possible for these reasons • streets are dangerous • could fall victim to human trafficking • sometimes running from home (abuse or neglect)

Procedures for when a suspicious item is found

• it is imperative that personnel involved in a search understand that their role is only to search for and report suspicious objects • under not circumstances should anyone move, jar, or touch a suspicious object or anything attached to it • communicate clear instructions to anyone in the area of the device and prevent others from approaching • do not use radios or cell phones in the vicinity if the item • notify other search teams and suspend the search • secure area where item is located, but do not guard • always be aware of a secondary device • begin evacuation procedures • notify fire, EMS, And bomb squad

Criteria That Must Be Met to Activate a Blue Alert

• law enforcement confirmation that a law enforcement officer has been seriously injured or killed, and the suspect hasn't been apprehended or the officer is missing while on duty under circumstances warranting concern for their safety • sufficient descriptive info about the suspect and the circumstances surrounding the officer's injury, death or disappearance to indicate that activation of the alert will help locate the missing officer

Distinguishing the concepts of lawful actions and police legitimacy

• lawful- defined by laws and standards • criminal law- identifies what actions are prohibited • rules of agency - administrative rules, general orders, standard operating procedures • constitutional law - fourth, fifth, sixth amendments • Police legitimacy - exists when the public view the police as authorized to exercise power in order to maintain social order, manage conflicts and solve problems in the community

Key differences between traditional and non traditional media

• non traditional medics primary objective is often sensationalism,whereas one traditional media if often focused on accuracy • non traditional media is often advocacy focused, whereas traditional media is objective focused • non traditional media is not held to a professional standard, whereas traditional is held to a professional standards in journalism • non traditional is less interested in relationship building with law enforcement, while being event driven

Acts of omissions

• occur when officers rationalize and justify not doing things for which they are responsible • includes passive resistance to organizational mandates (failing to report the known inappropriate behavior of another officer) and selective non-productivity (ignoring traffic violations)

Internal influences on behavior

• officer's own moral and ethical beliefs and values • anger • greed • lust •internal rationalizations made prior to or after misconduct

acts of commission (administrative)

• officers begin to commit administrative violations • Officer will typically face department sanctions, but not criminal prosecution (drink on duty, romantic interludes at work)

Victimization can lead to a sense of entitlement (Continuum of Compromise)

• operate with the belief that the rules don't apply to officers (speeding) • "we deserve special treatment" and "professional courtesy"

Critical components of an IED

• power source - can be electrical, mechanical, or chemical • initiator - most are highly sensitive to heat, shock, and friction. The initiator is required to provide the additional energy needed to start a chain reaction within an explosive • explosive main charge - the part of the IED that causes most of the damage and injuries by creating the blast pressure which creates fragmentation • switch - provides an on/off feature that is necessary in an electric circuit to maintain control of the power applied to an initiator. Switched generally perform the function of firing or arming a device • container - used to conceal, transport, and to increase lethality

Components of bias

• stereotypes - generalizations about the perceived "typical" characteristics of a social category • prejudices - an often negative prejudgement based on characteristics such as race, age, etc that is not necessarily reasonable or logical • attitude - positive or negative feelings associated with individuals or groups. The tendency to line or dislike

Emotional abuse (child)

• the child is threatened with extreme or sinister punishment • caregiver threatens child with a weapon • caregiver encourages child to participate in criminal/delinquent behavior • caregiver repeatedly involves the child in activities causing significant emotional stress to the child

Criteria that must be met before activating an endangered missing child alert

• under 18 • The missing child is lost or a non-witnessed abduction. • The child's whereabouts are unknown • The disappearance of the child poses a credible threat of immediate or serious bodily harm of death to the child.