ST100 & ST102 - Chapter 7 Review

Nonliving obligate intracellular parasites; contain either DNA or RNA, but not both

Viruses

Which of the following is an acceptable position for placement of a scrubbed, gowned, and gloved surgical technologist's hands? a) clasped together in front at waist level b) grasping edge of draped back table with fingers coiled under table edge c) hanging down at sides with hands below table level d) tucked into axillary region (armpits)

a) clasped together in front at waist level.

Which sterilization method presents the greatest exposure risk to CSPD personnel, is expensive, and requires the longest total cycle time? a) ethylene oxide b) hydrogen peroxide gas plasma c) peracetic acid d) saturated steam under pressure

a) ethylene oxide

When nested basin sets are being sterilized, how should they be placed in the steam sterilizer? a) fold side down with a towel used to separate them b) fold side down with tape holding them together securely c) facing upright with a towel used to separate them d) facing upright with tape holding them together securely

a) fold side down with a towel used to separate them

Which of the following chemicals is a high-level disinfectant when items are immersed for 20 to 30 minutes and a sterilant if items remain immersed for 10 hours? a) glutaraldehyde b) isopropyl alcohol c) quats d) sodium hypochlorite

a) glutaraldehyde

What is the relationship of steam pressure to temperature in a steam sterilizer? a) Increased pressure increases temperature. b) Increased temperature increases pressure. c) Decreased pressure increases temperature. d) Decreased temperature increases pressure.

a) increase pressure increases temperature

Which type of surgical instrument must NEVER be immersed in any type of mechanical decontaminating equipment? a) powered b) stainless steel c) titanium d) tungsten-carbide

a) powered

Personnel in CSPD who must move instruments from the ethylene oxide sterilizer to an aeration room should do which of the following with the cart to reduce their exposure to vented gases? a) pull it b) push it c) cover it with plastic d) open a window

a) pull it

When opening a wrapped item such as a gown on a Mayo stand, the contents and wrapper are considered sterile up to what distance from the edge of the wrapper? a) all the way to the edge b) 1 inch from the edge c) 2 inches from the edge d) Only the item itself is sterile.

b) 1 inch from the edge

A nonsterile person should approach a sterile area face forward while maintaining a distance of: a) 6 inches b) 12 inches c) 2 feet d) 6 feet

b) 12 inches

What would be the exposure phase time for an unwrapped instrument set with some lumens in a prevacuum/dynamic air removal steam autoclave? a) 3 minutes b) 4 minutes c) 10 minutes d) 30 minutes

b) 4 minutes

Which term means the number of microbes or amount of organic debris on an object at any given time? a) asepsis b) bioburden c) infection d) sepsis

b) bioburden

What is the common name for the high-level disinfectant sodium hypochlorite? a) ammonia b) bleach c) peroxide d) vinegar

b) bleach

Another name for phenol? a) amino acid b) carbolic acid c) peracetic acid

b) carbolic acid

Which kind of quality control device consists of a paper that has been impregnated with a dye that changes color in the presence of a specified temperature and sterilant? a) Cidex™ test strip b) chemical indicator c) mechanical readout d) vial of spore population

b) chemical indicator

Which of the following concepts has replaced the previous system of assessing storage conditions and package integrity based on an arbitrary expiration designation? a) double wrapping b) event related c) Julian dating d) time related

b) event related

What is the term for inanimate objects that harbor microorganisms that contribute to environmental contamination? a) flora b) fomites c) vectors d) viruses

b) fomites

Cidex™ is the trade name for which of the following methods of sterilization? a) ethylene oxide b) glutaraldehyde c) hydrogen peroxide gas plasma d) peracetic acid

b) glutaraldehyde

Which of the following is NOT a classification of patient care items? a) critical b) hypercritical c) noncritical d) semicritical

b) hypercritical

Which of the following should NEVER be processed by immediate-use (flash) sterilization methods? a) ebonized laser instruments b) implantable devices c) stainless steel suction tips d) titanium microinstrumentation

b) implantable device

Before opening any sterilely packaged item, what is MOST important to verify about the package? a) date sterilized b) integrity of package c) internal indicator/integrator d) sterilization cycle number

b) integrity of package

Which of the following is the type of dating system that denotes the number of the calendar day in 1 through 365/366? a) military b) julian c) cartesian

b) julian

During manual cleaning of surgical instruments, what type of solution should be used? a) cold water, detergent, and enzymatic cleaner with high pH b) lukewarm water, detergent, and enzymatic cleaner with neutral pH c) hot water, detergent, and enzymatic cleaner with high pH d) cold sterile water and enzymatic solution with low pH

b) lukewarm water, detergent, and enzymatic cleaner with neutral pH

Process for lubricating stiffened stainless steel surgical instruments by immersion in a water-soluble solution? a) bathing b) milking c) greasing

b) milking

Why are instruments placed in perforated or mesh-bottom trays for sterilization? a) reduce tray weight b) penetration of sterilant c) easy grouping of instruments d) easy removal of instruments

b) penetration of sterilant

Contamination caused by passage of microorganisms through a sterilized package by way of moisture wicking is termed: a) saturation b) strike-through c) solubilization d) sequestration

b) strike-through

Which of the following cleaning methods for surgical instrumentation relies on bubbles imploding, creating a vacuum that dislodges minute particles in crevices of instruments? a) manual soak b) ultrasonic cleaner c) washer decontaminator d) washer sterilizer

b) ultrasonic cleaner

What is the weight that AAMI has recommended instrument sets should NOT exceed? a) 10 pounds b) 20 pounds c) 25 pounds

c) 25 pounds

Which of the following statements regarding peracetic acid sterilized items is CORRECT? a) Paper filters in the top lid and bottom of container must be changed for each cycle. b) Items must be wrapped with Tyvek wrappers instead of cellulose-based wrappers. c) Cassettes are not sealed, due to liquid immersion during the process, so they cannot be stored. d) Aeration times will add hours to the total sterilization cycle time.

c) Cassettes are not sealed, due to liquid immersion during the process, so they cannot be stored.

Why are large steam sterilizers loaded with space between wrapped items or trays? a) It ensures that the carts are not over-weighted. b) It makes it easier to unload when the cycle is complete. c) It allows adequate circulation and penetration of steam to all surfaces. d) It allows for air to remain inside the packages to facilitate steam penetration.

c) It allows adequate circulation and penetration of steam to all surfaces.

How should air hoses of powered instruments or fiber-optic light cords be placed in rigid container trays for sterilization? a) bound tightly with rubber bands b) bound loosely with electrical tape c) coiled loosely in perforated or mesh basket d) coiled tightly in sealed peel-pack inside tray

c) coiled loosely in perforated or mesh basket

What is a potential risk of placing surgical instruments of dissimilar metallic type together in a washer sterilizer cycle? a) alarm triggered by washer sterilizer b) bioburden contamination c) electrolytic conduction reaction d) static electrical spark

c) electrolytic conduction reaction

Sterilely attired surgical team members should pass one another in any of the following ways EXCEPT: a) back to back b) front to front c) front to back d) rotating 360° around

c) front to back

Which method of chemical sterilization has limitations based on the challenge of diffusion into narrow lumens? a) ethylene oxide gas b) glutaraldehyde c) hydrogen peroxide gas plasma d) peracetic acid

c) hydrogen peroxide gas plasma

What term refers to a barrier, such as plastic-backed table cover, that does NOT allow for passage of liquid through it? a) integral b) insoluble c) impervious d) imperceptible

c) impervious

All of the following are environmental specifications for the decontamination room in CSPD EXCEPT: a) air exchange rate, minimum of 10 per hour b) humidity between 35% and 72% c) positive air pressure maintained d) temperature between 64°F and 70°F

c) positive air pressure maintained

Which type of packaging system has filters and removable locking devices? a) nonwoven wrapped b) paper-plastic peel packs c) rigid containers d) woven wrapped

c) rigid containers

Which types of instruments must be cleaned with bristle-brushes on wires, pipe cleaners, or handheld pressure guns? a) microsurgical scissors b) self-retaining retractors c) suction tip lumens d) tissue forceps

c) suction tip lumens

What is the term for the condition of a surgical technologist's skin after performing a surgical scrub? a) bacteriostatic b) nosocomial c) surgically clean d) terminally sterile

c) surgically clean

When a sterilely attired surgical technologist drapes an unsterile table, he or she opens the drape: a) away from him- or herself first b) by shaking out folds first and laying it across table c) toward him- or herself first d) toward sides and pulls drape down well below edge

c) towards yourself first

How long should the steam biological indicator be incubated before the reading is recorded? a) 1 hour b) 6 hours c) 12 hours d) 24 hours

d) 24 hours

The biological indicator (BI) for the steam sterilization method is: a)DART b)Bowie-Dick c) Bacillus atrophaeus d) Geobacillus stearothermophilus

d) Geobacillus stearothermiphilus

What is the advantage of using ethylene oxide gas sterilization? a) It is the safest method of sterilization. b) It has the shortest total cycle time. c) It is the least expensive method. d) It is safe for heat- and moisture-sensitive items.

d) It is safe for heat- and moisture-sensitive items.

Why are items disinfected or sterilized in activated glutaraldehyde dried prior to submersion? a) Moisture will prevent sterilant from reaching all surfaces. b) Moisture will create a toxic chemical reaction with sterilant. c) Moisture will cause air bubbles to form and prevent full contact. d) Moisture will eventually dilute the concentration to ineffective levels.

d) Moisture will eventually dilute the concentration to ineffective levels.

Which type of wrapper material is compatible with the hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization method? a) cloth b) muslin c) paper d) Tyvek

d) Tyvek

Where should the biological test pack be placed on the steam sterilization cart for the first run of the day? a) top rack, back of sterilizer, under the injection valve b) bottom rack, back of sterilizer, under the injection valve c) top rack, front of sterilizer, over the drain d) bottom rack, front of sterilizer, over the drain

d) bottom rack, front of sterilizer, over the drain

Which type of chemical solution is made of catalysts that aid in breaking down proteinaceous debris such as blood and fat? a) antiseptic b) disinfectant c) emulsifier d) enzymatic

d) enzymatic

Which method of sterilization uses gamma rays or beta particles and is chiefly used by large manufacturing companies? a) dry heat b) ethylene oxide c) hydrogen peroxide gas plasma d) ionizing radiation

d) ionizing radiation

What is the name of the outside area of an autoclave where steam is created before injection into the interior compartment? a) aerator b) chamber c) gasket d) jacket

d) jacket

The Bowie-Dick test is performed for which sterilization method? a) ethylene oxide gas b) activated glutaraldehyde c) hydrogen peroxide gas plasma d) prevacuum air removal steam

d) prevacuum air removal steam

Which of the following patient care items would be classified as noncritical? a) colonoscopes b) hypodermic needles c) laryngoscopes d) pulse oximeters

d) pulse oximeters

Which sterilization method is most commonly used, safest, least expensive, and appropriate for the majority of surgical instruments? a) ethylene oxide b) ionizing radiation c) peracetic acid d) saturated steam

d) saturated steam

Which of the following would be appropriate for soaking instruments covered with bioburden during a surgical procedure? a) isopropyl alcohol b) peracetic acid c) sterile saline d) sterile water

d) sterile water

The physical or chemical process by which all living microorganisms, including spores, are killed is: a) decontamination b) disinfection c) sanitization d) sterilization

d) sterilization

Which of the following is the MOST important factor in a surgical technologist's role in preventing surgical site infections? a) extensive knowledge of anatomy b) high GPA while a student c) participation in the "time out" d) strict surgical conscience

d) strict surgical conscience

Which of the following diseases is NOT a form of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy? a) CJD b) mad cow c) scrapie d) toxic shock

d) toxic shock

What is the term used to describe the process of removing all soiled linen, waste, and instruments from the room and cleaning of furniture, floors, or other contaminated surfaces in preparation for opening new supplies for a subsequent case? a) changeover b) concurrent cleaning c) terminal cleaning d) turnover

d) turnover

Which part of the instrument reprocessing cycle is performed intraoperatively? a) mechanical decontamination b) steam sterilization c) ultrasonic washer d) wiping with sterile water

d) wiping with sterile water

Fungal infection caused by bread mold; sometimes seen in immune-suppressed organ transplant patients

zygomycosis

Anaerobic gram-positive bacteria responsible for gas gangrene, cellulitis, and fasciitis

Clostridium perfringens

Gravity displacement steam sterilizer cycles are much shorter than prevacuum cycles. True False

False

The relative humidity in an ethylene oxide sterilizer should be below 30% to aid in the penetration of the gas through bacterial spores' protective coating. True False

False

Long, thin structure attached to the outside of a cell; motility achieved by whipping motion

Flagella

The recommended biological indicator (BI) for hydrogen peroxide gas plasma is: a) Bacillus atrophaeus b) Bacillus subtilis c) Geobacillus stearothermophilus d) Staphylococcus aureus

a) Bacillus atrophaeus

Which of the following would be appropriate for use on animate surfaces? a) antiseptic b) decontaminant c) disinfectant d) sterilant

a) antiseptic

What is the type of process the ultrasonic cleaner uses to dislodge minute particles of soil and organic debris? a) cavitation b) chelation c) emulsification d) solubilization

a) cavitation

Bacterial species that can survive in environmental extremes and whose genetic material is enclosed within a protein capsule until conditions are favorable for reproduction

Spores

Aerobic, gram-negative bacilli responsible for many gastric ulcers

H. Pylori

Classification of parasites such as cysticerci (pork tapeworms) that can create lesions in the brain and soft tissues, which require surgical removal

Helminths

Nonliving proteinaceous infectious particle; contains no DNA or RNA; responsible for transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

Prions

Type of organisms whose organelles are not membrane bound; divide by binary fission; includes bacteria

Prokaryotes

Organism most commonly associated with surgical site infections

S. Aureus

In steam sterilization, thermal destruction of microbes is the result of the denaturation and coagulation of protein within the cells. True False

True

Internal chemical indicator/integrators should be placed in the center or most challenging portion of a tray for the sterilant to reach. True False

True

Sterilization process monitors include mechanical, chemical, and biological methods to ensure all parameters were met. True False

True