States and Matter Chemistry Unit test-96%
The arrows in the chart below represent phase transitions.Which arrows represent the phase transitions in which heat energy is gained?
2, 3, and 5
The diagram below shows the different phase transitions that occur in matter. Which arrow represents the transition in which dew is formed?
4
Bromine gas in a container is heated over a flame. What happens to the average kinetic energy of the bromine particles?
It increases quickly.
Which statement describes effusion?
It occurs when a gas passes through a tiny hole.
Temperature depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample. How does this help explain why a plasma-based light does not have a high temperature?
Most particles in the plasma are heavy, slow, and very low density.
A perfume bottle is dropped in the corner of a room and it shattered. The odor of the perfume can be detected on the other side of the room. Which statement best describes this observation?
Particles are moving from regions of high concentration to low concentration.
Which is an aspect of the kinetic-molecular theory and can be used to explain the behavior of plasmas?
Particles exchange energy through elastic collisions.
Malia was able to make a paperclip float on the surface of water. What will most likely happen to the paperclip if a drop of dishwashing detergent is added near it?
Soap is a surfactant that disrupts the intermolecular forces of water making the paperclip sink.
Which is an example of the kinetic-molecular theory not holding true for a gas?
The attraction between particles causes a gas to condense at low temperatures.
Which statement best explains why heating a liquid affects its viscosity?
The molecules move faster at higher temperatures and overcome attractions more easily.
This heating curve is produced when a certain when a substance is heated. Which best compares the particles of the substance when it is in region 1 with the particles of the substance when it is in region 3?
The particles are more orderly in region 1.
Considering the temperature vs. time graph below, how does the temperature at the beginning of a change of state compare with the temperature at the end of the change?
The temperature is always the same.
Which is the best example of immiscible liquids?
a polar liquid and a nonpolar liquid that do not dissolve into one another
Which device involves the use of plasma in technology?
arc welder
Which is an example of plasmas in nature?
auroras
Which change of state involves a release of energy?
condensation
Which step will decrease the pressure of a gas inside a closed cubical container?
decreasing the temperature inside the container
When does carbon dioxide absorb the most heat energy?
during sublimation
Water's molar mass is 18.01 g/mol. The molar mass of glycerol is 92.09 g/mol. At 25°C, glycerol is more viscous than water. Which substance has the stronger intermolecular attraction?
glycerol because it is more viscous and has a larger molar mass
The particles of a gas inside a balloon are experiencing an increase in their average kinetic energy and the number of collisions with the wall of the balloon. What is the most likely outcome?
higher gas pressure inside the balloon
Which of the following best identifies where long-range order would be found?
in crystalline solids
A substance is tested in a lab. It is found to maintain a unique shape and is a good conductor of electricity. If it is made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons, what state of matter is this substance most likely to be?
solid
A solid substance turns directly into a gas. Which term describes this change?
sublimation
What is produced on the top of a pool of water by the mutual attraction between water molecules?
surface tension
According to the kinetic-molecular theory, the average kinetic energy of gas particles depends on which factor?
temperature
