Statistics

the larger the sample size, the _______ the margin of error

lower

Margin of error

A measure of the accuracy of survey/study results; provides a range of probable values when generalizing survey/study results from sample population to larger population

Standard Deviation

A measure of the distribution of numbers around the average in the data set

Frequency Table

A table that shows the number of times each value appears in a data set

Outlier

A value much greater or much less than the other values in a data set

Mean

Average; the sum of the numbers divided by the number of numbers

The inclusion of an outlier value in a data set always changes the median of the data set. True or false?

False. The inclusion of an outlier value in a data set may or mat not change the median of the data set, depending on what values at the middle of the data set.

If there are an even number of numbers sequenced from least to greatest, which nth numbers are the middle numbers?

If there are an even number of numbers, there are two middle numbers. To find which nth numbers are the middle numbers, divide the number of numbers by two. This nth number and the next nth number are the two middle numbers.

If there are an odd number of numbers sequenced from least to greatest, which nth number is the middle number?

If there are an odd number of numbers, there is one middle number. To find which nth number is the middle number, divide the number of numbers by two then round up. This nth number is the middle number.

Range

the difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set

The exclusion of an outlier value in a data set causes the mean __________

to DECREASE

the smaller the sample size, the _______ the margin of error

higher

Histogram

A bar graph that shows the number of times each value appears in a data set. The graph version of a frequency table.

Dot Plot

A data graph that uses dots to show how many times each value appears on a set

Quartile

A division of a data set into four intervals; each quartile represents one-fourth of the numbers in a data set

Box and whisker plot

A graph that's display the median, quartiles, and extremes of a data set on a number line

The individuals chosen for a survey or a study must be chosen in what manner?

Individuals must be chosen randomly from the larger group

The line inside the box in a box plot represents the

Median

Does increasing each of the values in a data set by the same amount cause the standard deviation to change?

No. Standard deviation is a measure of the distribution of the values around the average. The distribution of the values around the average would remain the same if the values are all increased by the same amount.

Does increasing each of the values in a data set by the same amount cause the range to change?

No. The range is the distance between the highest and the lowest value in a data set. If the highest and lowest values are increased by the same amount, the difference between these values would not change.

If a data set has an odd number of numbers, how many middle numbers are there?

One

What changes the most if you add an outlier value to a data set? The mean, median, or range?

Range

The inclusion of an outlier value in a data set pulls the mean _________ the outlier value

TOWARD

Fourth Quartile

The 100th percentile. The upper number limit for the first 100% of numbers.

First Quartile

The 25th percentile. The upper number limit for the first 25% of numbers.

Third Quartile

The 75th percentile. The upper number limit for the first 75% of numbers.

Median

The MIDDLE BIGGEST value in a set of numbers. The numbers must be SEQUENCED from least to greatest when finding the "middle" number.

Survey

The collection of data from a number of individuals selected from a larger group

Probability

The likelihood that a particular event will occur; a ratio of the number of the desired outcome to the number of total outcomes - sometimes expressed as a the selection of a subgroup from a larger set

Second Quartile

The median or 50th percentile. The upper number limit for the first 50% of numbers.

Mode

The most frequently occurring number in a data set

The survey or study results can be generalized only to...

The population the survey or study participants were chosen from

Small Standard Deviation

There is less variation in the numbers. The numbers are clustered around the mean over a smaller range of numbers.

Large Standard Deviation

There is more variation in the numbers. The numbers are spread out over a wider range of values or the numbers are more dispersed over the same range of values.

If a data set has an even number of numbers, how many middle numbers are there?

Two

Does increasing each of the values in a data set by the same amount cause the mean to change?

Yes. Increasing the values in a data set will cause the sum of the values to be greater and lead to an increase in the mean.

Can a data set with a large number of numbers and a small data set with a small number of numbers have the same mean?

Yes. Mean is the RATIO of the sum of the numbers divided by the number of numbers. It is possible for the larger data set with more values to have a sum/number RATIO that is equal to the sum/number RATIO of the smaller data set with fewer values