stress management ch. 1-4

rheumatoid factor

A blood protein associated with rheumatoid arthritis

Storgic love (storge)

A calm, companionate type of love conceiving of a long commitment

norephinephrine

A catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla

Manic love (mania)

A combination of passionate love (eros) and flirtatious playing love characterized by jealousy and irrational joy that usually does not result in a long commitment

antigen

A foreign substance irritating to the body

stroke/apoplexy

A lack of oxygen to the brain resulting from a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel; also called a stroke

T-Lymphocytes/T-cell

A part of the immune system that destroys mutant cells

erotic love (eros)

A passionate, all-enveloping type of love recognized by the heart racing and other signs of excitement

psychogenic

A physical disease caused by emotional stress without a microorganism involved

autoimmune response

A physiological response in which the body turns on itself

ludic love (ludus)

A playful, flirtatious type of love involving no long commitment

hydrochloric acid

A substance found in the digestive system that helps in the breakdown of food for digestion

B cells

A type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies

T cells

A type of lymphocyte whose purpose is to destroy substances foreign to the body by puncturing invaded body cells and killing the cells and foreign substances

phagocytes

A type of white blood cell whose purpose is to destroy substances foreign to the body

bulimia

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging of food such as by inducing vomiting or ingesting a laxative

anorexia nervosa

An eating disorder in which a person takes in so few calories as to potentially starve him or herself

thyroid gland

An endocrine gland that secretes the hormone thyroxin

carcinogens

Cancer-causing agents

memory T and B cells

Cells left in the bloodstream and the lymphatic system to recognize and respond to future attacks to the body by the same invader

psychosomatic/psychophysiological

Conditions that have both a mind and body component

parasympathetic nervous system

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for conserving energy

sympathetic nervous system

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for expending energy

hypothalamus

Part of the diencephalon that activates the automatic nervous system

small intestine

Part of the digestive system into which the esophagus

large intestine

Part of the digestive system that receives unusable food substances from the small intestine

hot reactors

People who react to stress with an all-out physiological reaction

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Sometimes termed bad cholesterol, too much LDL leads to clogging of the arteries and therefore is related to the development of coronary heart disease

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Sometimes termed good cholesterol, HDL helps to remove cholesterol from the body thereby lowering the chances of developing coronary heart disease

saliva

Substance in the mouth that starts to break down food

antibodies

Substances produced by the body to fight antigens

gastrointestinal (GI) system

The body system responsible for digestion

stress

The combination of a stressor, stress reactivity, and strain

preattack/prodrome

The constriction phase of a migraine headache

galvanic skin response (GSR)

The electrodermal response or the electrical conductance of the skin

anal opening

The exit point for unusable food substances

esophagus

The food pipe

adrenal medulla

The inner portion of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines

temporomandibular (TMJ) syndrome

The interference with the smooth functioning of the jaw

subcortex

The lower part of the brain responsible for various psychological processes necessary to stay alive

strain

The physical, psychological, and behavioral outcomes of stress activity

diastolic blood pressure

The pressure of the blood against the arterial walls when the heart is relaxed

systolic blood pressure

The pressure of the blood as it leaves the heart

cortisol

The primary glucocorticoid secreted from the adrenal cortex that is responsible for an increase in blood pressure

aldosterone

The primary mineralocorticoid secreted from the adrenal cortex that is responsible for an increase in blood pressure

gluconeogenesis

The production of glucose from amino acids by the liver

psychoneuroimmunology

The study of the illness-causing and healing effects of the mind and the body

myocardial infarction

When a part of the heart dies because of a lack of oxygen

epinephrine

a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

a condition transfered through sexual contact and the sharing of intravenous needles that leads to the mixing of blood or semen, in which the immune system becomes progressively ineffective

oxytocin

a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland

vasopressin (ADH)

a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland

reticular activating system

a network of nerves that connects the mind and the body

somatogenic

a psychosomatic disease caused by emotional stress without a microorganism involved

autogenic training

a relaxation technique that involves a sensation of heaviness, warmth, and tingling in the limbs

progressive relaxation/ neuromuscular relaxation

a relaxation technique that involves contracting and relaxing muscle groups throughout the body

cerebral hemorrhage

a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain

relaxation response

a series of bodily changes that are the opposite of the stress reaction

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH)

activates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticoid hormone

sphygmomanometer

an instrument used to measure blood pressure

distress

bad things to which one has to adapt and that can lead to stress reaction

supressor T cells

cells whose purpose is to halt the immune response

atherosclerosis

clogging of the coronary arteries

endocrine system

comprised of hormones that regulate physiological functions

autonomic nervous system

controls such body processes as hormone balance, temperature, and width of blood vessels

plaque

debris that clogs coronary arteries

jealousy

fear of losing ones property, such as a lover, friend, status, or power

eustress

good things to which one has to adapt and that can lead to stress reaction

thalamus

part of the deincephalon that relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex

cerebellum

part of the subcortex responsible for coordination

pons

part of the subcortex responsible for regulating sleep

deincephalon

part of the subcortex responsible for regulation of the emotions

medulla oblongata

part of the subcortex responsible for the regulation of the heartbeat and breathing

limbic system

produces emotions; the "seat of emotions"

glucocorticoids

regulate metabolism of glucose

mineralocorticoids

regulate the balance between sodium and potassium

corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)

released by hypothalamus and results in the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone

thyrotropic hormone releasing factor (TRF)

released by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete thyrotropic hormone

stressor

something with the potential to cause a stress reaction

thyrotropic hormone (TTH)

stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxin

fight-or-flight response

the body's stress reaction that includes an increase in heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol

gray matter

the cerebral cortex

bracing

the contraction of muscles for no obvious purpose

allostatic load

the cumulative biological wear and tear that results from responses to stress that seek to maintain body equilibrium

adrenal cortex

the part of the adrenal gland that secretes corticoids

hippocampus

the part of the brain that "sounds the alarm" that stress is present

general adaptation syndrome

the three stages of stress reaction described by Hans Selye Phase 1: alarm reaction Phase 2: stage of resistance Phase 3: stage of exhaustion

cerebral cortex

the upper part of the brain responsible for thinking functions

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

the virus that causes AIDS

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI's)

Diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and genital warts that are transmitted through sexual activity

acquaintance rape

Forcible sexual intercourse between people who know each other

course overload

Having too many courses or courses too dificult to complete well during one semester

Hypercholesterolemia

High levels of cholesterol in the blood

essential hypertension

Hypertension with no known cause

arteriosclerosis

Loss of elasticity of the coronary arteries

skeletal muscles

Muscles attached to bones

smooth muscles

Muscles that control the contraction of internal organs