STS - Chapter 1 (Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology)
Babylonians
great builders, engineers,and architects
newspaper
one of the major contributions of the Romans
Queen Amytis
King Nebuchadnezzar II's wife
kerosene
- "illuminating oil"; first provided lighting for homes - used for heating purposes
Louis Pasteur
- French biologist, microbiologist, chemist - invented pasteurization - molecular assymetry, fermentation, vaccination
printing press
- a more reliable way of printing compared to Chinese woodblock printing - Johann Gutenberg - addressed the need for publishing books to spread information more quickly - made info accessible
telescope
- a tool for observing distant objects - made seafaring easier and safer (Middle Ages)
Microscope
- allowed people to observe organisms unseen by the naked eye - was key in discovering ways to prevent and cure illnesses
petroleum refinery
- petroleum or oil is processed to make kerosene - at present, is is used to power automobiles, factories, and powerplants
codex
- bound books - cover is used to protect the papyrus - first made of wax; later replaced by animal skin
Salamander Amphibious Tricycle
- developed by Dominic N. Chung, Lamberto Armada, Victor "Atoy" Llave - can cross flooded streets, rivers, and lakes
calculator
- easier arithmetic calculations - paved the way for development of more complex processing machines
SALt lamp (Sustainable Alternative Lighting lamp)
- environment-friendly light source - runs on saltwater
eJeepney
- environment-friendly version of Jeepney
gazette
- first newspaper - engraved in metal or stone tablets then publicly displayed (Roman)
Pasteurization
- heating dairy products to kill harmful bacteria that allow them to spoil faster - prevented illness caused by harmful bacteria
Dr. Fe del Muno
- invented medical incubator - worked on immunization & treatment of jaundice - BRAT diet for curing diarrhea
mosquito ovicidal/larvicidal trap system
- made by DOST-Industrial Technology Development Institute - lethal to mosquitos; safe for humans and environment
dengue
- mosquito-borne viral illness - endemic in tropical and subtropical areas
Roman architecture
- most visual contribution of the Roman Empire - improved upon Greek architecture
Great Wall of China
- once considered the only man-made structure that could be seen from outer space - made to keep out foreign invaders and control borders
gunpowder
- originally developed by Chinese alchemists who aimed to achieve immortality - charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate - generates large amounts of heat and gas instantly
medical incubator
- tool to make conditions suitable for a pre-term baby (Philippine invention)
Roman Empire
- was perceived to be the strongest political and social entity in the west; - the cradle of politics and governance
middle kingdom
China is also known as this
tekhne
Greek word for "art or craft"
logia
Greek word meaning "subject or interest"
alarm clock
a Greek invention that utilized four vessels containing mechanisms that alert people that a task is to be started or finished at a certain time
tea
a beverage produced by pouring hot water over crushed dried tea leaves (Chinese invention)
bitumen
a black sticky substance similar to asphalt used to constuct roads in the ancient times
weapons and armors
a major achievement for security and protection
papyrus
a plant that grows abundantly along the Nile River
conservation of life
a primary challenge faced by people in the ancient times due to illnesses and diseases
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
a structure made up of layers of gardens containing several species of plant life
Roman numerals
addressed the need for standard counting method (Roman)
telephone
allowed for instant long-distance communication
engineering
allowed humans to build structures
ziggurat
also called mountain of god
Greece
an archipelago in the southeastern part of Europe
Hieroglyphics
ancient Egyptian writing system that used picture symbols
navigation
assisted people in their journeys to unfamiliar areas
architecture
brought about by engineering; a status symbol of a nation
Zacharias Janssen
developed the first compound microscope
Babylonian civilization
emerged near the Tigris and Euphrates rive
Uruk City
first true city in the world; built using only mud mixed with reeds
cuneiform
first writing system; uses word pictures and triangular symbols carved on clay (Sumerian)
record-keeping
important in documentation and establishing identities when relating with other cultures
communication
important in facilitating trade
Aisa Mijeno
invented SALt lamp
cosmetics
invented by ancient Egyptians for health and aesthetic reasons
ink
invented by the Egyptians; combination of soot with different chemicals used for writing on paper
Samuel M. Kier
invented kerosene by refining petroleum
Alexander Graham Bell
invented telephone
paper or papyrus
invention of the Egyptian civilization that made it record-keeping and communication easier
King Nebuchadnezzar II
it is rumored that he build the Hanging Gardens for his wife
Greece
known as the birthplace of western philosophy
Sumerians
known for their high degree of cooperation with each other and their desire for great things
Egyptian civilization
located in North Africa
Sumeria
located on the southernmost tip of ancient Mesopotamia
Great Ziggurat of Ur
made with sun-baked bricks; served as the sacred place of their chief god
silk
major contribution of China that bridged the gap between the western world and the middle kingdom
war weapons
offensive and defensive instruments (Middle ages)
Chinese civilization
oldest civilization in Asia, if not the world
water mill
one of the most important contributions of the Greeks; commonly used in agricultural processes easier than animal-powered mills
1. transportation and navigation 2. communication and record-keeping 3. mass production 4. security and protection 5. health 6. aesthetics 7. architecture
people were concerned with these seven things in the ancient times
transportation
significant in the ancient times because people were trying to find new places
chainmail
solved the problem of heavy armors limiting movement
wheel
the first iteration of this was made for farm work and food processes
plow
this was invented to dig the earth more quickly; allowed for large-scale cultivation and mass food production
roads
through this, the flow of traffic became faster and more organized
wig
used by ancient Egyptians for health and wellness; to protect shaved heads of the wealthy
Kohl
used by ancient Egyptians to prevent and cure eye diseases
water clock or clepsydra
used by ancient Egyptians to tell time; utilized gravity which affected the flow of water
irrigation and dikes
used to bring water to farmlands and control flooding; one of the most beneficial engineering works
Aedes aegypti mosquito
vector for dengue
sailboats
were used in an effort to achieve a mode of transpo not requiring much human resource; were essential in transportation and trading as well as in fostering culture, information, and technology (Sumerian)