STS - Chapter 1 (Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology)

Babylonians

great builders, engineers,and architects

newspaper

one of the major contributions of the Romans

Queen Amytis

King Nebuchadnezzar II's wife

kerosene

- "illuminating oil"; first provided lighting for homes - used for heating purposes

Louis Pasteur

- French biologist, microbiologist, chemist - invented pasteurization - molecular assymetry, fermentation, vaccination

printing press

- a more reliable way of printing compared to Chinese woodblock printing - Johann Gutenberg - addressed the need for publishing books to spread information more quickly - made info accessible

telescope

- a tool for observing distant objects - made seafaring easier and safer (Middle Ages)

Microscope

- allowed people to observe organisms unseen by the naked eye - was key in discovering ways to prevent and cure illnesses

petroleum refinery

- petroleum or oil is processed to make kerosene - at present, is is used to power automobiles, factories, and powerplants

codex

- bound books - cover is used to protect the papyrus - first made of wax; later replaced by animal skin

Salamander Amphibious Tricycle

- developed by Dominic N. Chung, Lamberto Armada, Victor "Atoy" Llave - can cross flooded streets, rivers, and lakes

calculator

- easier arithmetic calculations - paved the way for development of more complex processing machines

SALt lamp (Sustainable Alternative Lighting lamp)

- environment-friendly light source - runs on saltwater

eJeepney

- environment-friendly version of Jeepney

gazette

- first newspaper - engraved in metal or stone tablets then publicly displayed (Roman)

Pasteurization

- heating dairy products to kill harmful bacteria that allow them to spoil faster - prevented illness caused by harmful bacteria

Dr. Fe del Muno

- invented medical incubator - worked on immunization & treatment of jaundice - BRAT diet for curing diarrhea

mosquito ovicidal/larvicidal trap system

- made by DOST-Industrial Technology Development Institute - lethal to mosquitos; safe for humans and environment

dengue

- mosquito-borne viral illness - endemic in tropical and subtropical areas

Roman architecture

- most visual contribution of the Roman Empire - improved upon Greek architecture

Great Wall of China

- once considered the only man-made structure that could be seen from outer space - made to keep out foreign invaders and control borders

gunpowder

- originally developed by Chinese alchemists who aimed to achieve immortality - charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate - generates large amounts of heat and gas instantly

medical incubator

- tool to make conditions suitable for a pre-term baby (Philippine invention)

Roman Empire

- was perceived to be the strongest political and social entity in the west; - the cradle of politics and governance

middle kingdom

China is also known as this

tekhne

Greek word for "art or craft"

logia

Greek word meaning "subject or interest"

alarm clock

a Greek invention that utilized four vessels containing mechanisms that alert people that a task is to be started or finished at a certain time

tea

a beverage produced by pouring hot water over crushed dried tea leaves (Chinese invention)

bitumen

a black sticky substance similar to asphalt used to constuct roads in the ancient times

weapons and armors

a major achievement for security and protection

papyrus

a plant that grows abundantly along the Nile River

conservation of life

a primary challenge faced by people in the ancient times due to illnesses and diseases

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

a structure made up of layers of gardens containing several species of plant life

Roman numerals

addressed the need for standard counting method (Roman)

telephone

allowed for instant long-distance communication

engineering

allowed humans to build structures

ziggurat

also called mountain of god

Greece

an archipelago in the southeastern part of Europe

Hieroglyphics

ancient Egyptian writing system that used picture symbols

navigation

assisted people in their journeys to unfamiliar areas

architecture

brought about by engineering; a status symbol of a nation

Zacharias Janssen

developed the first compound microscope

Babylonian civilization

emerged near the Tigris and Euphrates rive

Uruk City

first true city in the world; built using only mud mixed with reeds

cuneiform

first writing system; uses word pictures and triangular symbols carved on clay (Sumerian)

record-keeping

important in documentation and establishing identities when relating with other cultures

communication

important in facilitating trade

Aisa Mijeno

invented SALt lamp

cosmetics

invented by ancient Egyptians for health and aesthetic reasons

ink

invented by the Egyptians; combination of soot with different chemicals used for writing on paper

Samuel M. Kier

invented kerosene by refining petroleum

Alexander Graham Bell

invented telephone

paper or papyrus

invention of the Egyptian civilization that made it record-keeping and communication easier

King Nebuchadnezzar II

it is rumored that he build the Hanging Gardens for his wife

Greece

known as the birthplace of western philosophy

Sumerians

known for their high degree of cooperation with each other and their desire for great things

Egyptian civilization

located in North Africa

Sumeria

located on the southernmost tip of ancient Mesopotamia

Great Ziggurat of Ur

made with sun-baked bricks; served as the sacred place of their chief god

silk

major contribution of China that bridged the gap between the western world and the middle kingdom

war weapons

offensive and defensive instruments (Middle ages)

Chinese civilization

oldest civilization in Asia, if not the world

water mill

one of the most important contributions of the Greeks; commonly used in agricultural processes easier than animal-powered mills

1. transportation and navigation 2. communication and record-keeping 3. mass production 4. security and protection 5. health 6. aesthetics 7. architecture

people were concerned with these seven things in the ancient times

transportation

significant in the ancient times because people were trying to find new places

chainmail

solved the problem of heavy armors limiting movement

wheel

the first iteration of this was made for farm work and food processes

plow

this was invented to dig the earth more quickly; allowed for large-scale cultivation and mass food production

roads

through this, the flow of traffic became faster and more organized

wig

used by ancient Egyptians for health and wellness; to protect shaved heads of the wealthy

Kohl

used by ancient Egyptians to prevent and cure eye diseases

water clock or clepsydra

used by ancient Egyptians to tell time; utilized gravity which affected the flow of water

irrigation and dikes

used to bring water to farmlands and control flooding; one of the most beneficial engineering works

Aedes aegypti mosquito

vector for dengue

sailboats

were used in an effort to achieve a mode of transpo not requiring much human resource; were essential in transportation and trading as well as in fostering culture, information, and technology (Sumerian)