Study 3

The Army defines a threat as_______

"Any specific foreign nation or organization with intentions & military capabilities that suggest it could be adversarial or challenge the security interests of the United States, its friends, or allies." In short, it is any potential enemy to the United States, its citizens, & interests at home & abroad.

.According to JP 1, "Joint" is defined as_________

"activities, operations, organizations, etc., in which elements of two or more Military Departments established and so designated by the President, through the Secretary of Defense and with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Combatant commands typically have geographic or functional responsibilities."

A combatant is defined as_____

"an individual engaged in fighting during a war or military conflict,"

A noncombatant is defined as____

"an individual in an area of combat operations, who is not armed & is not participating in any activity in support of any forces or factions involved in combat."

The legal basis and framework for a military establishment charged to ____________________________were set forth in subsequent sections of the Constitution after the War of Independence (Revolutionary War).

"provide for the common defence"

Cultural resiliency is defined as____

"the ability to adapt to a culture other than your own while maintaining your own cultural identity."

Strategic Environment (SE)

"the set of global conditions, circumstances, & influences that affect the employment of all elements of US national power."

The U.S. Army in Multi-Domain Operations 2028 (TRADOC Pamphlet 525-3-1, 2018) identifies the following four interrelated trends of the future OE that are likely to have significant effect on land force operations.

(1) Adversaries are contesting across all domains [cyber, land, air, maritime, & space], the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS), & the information environment, & U.S. dominance is not assured; (2) Smaller armies will fight on an expanded battlefield that is increasingly lethal & hyperactive; (3) Nation-states will have more difficulty in imposing their will within a politically, culturally, technologically, & strategically complex environment; and (4) Near-peer states more readily compete below armed conflict making deterrence more challenging.

Threats to Multi-Domain Operations.

(1) Anti-Satellite Missile (ASAT) (2) Ground station attack (3) SATCOM and GPS jamming (4) CYBER and laser

Due to high precision GPS becoming less reliable due to interference We see an INCREASE in the following:--

(1) Collateral damage and fratricide 2) Ammunition resupply as we must replace precision guide munitions with conventional munitions (3) Paper maps (4) Analog operations or methods. This means manually (e.g., map, acetate, unit symbols, phase lines, check points, etc.) tracking the battle.

For nation-states, we use four basic categories to describe their roles in the international environment, what are they?

(1) Core states (2) Transition states (3) Rogue states (4) Fragile states

At the same time, our loss of access to space capabilities will DECREASE:

(1) OPTEMPO and situational awareness (2) Total asset visibility (3) Fires lethality (4) ISR collection

Five Ss and T

(1) Search. (2) Silence. (3) Segregate. (4) Safeguard. (5) Speed. Tag. DD Form 2745 to tag each detainee. DA Form 4137 is used to document confiscated items

Non-Enemy Factors to space systems are primarily related to natural or manmade interference. These include: ____

(1) Unintentional electromagnetic interference (EMI) (2) Space debris can cause damage to satellites on orbit. (3) Solar (space) weather can potentially temporarily disrupt (4) Terrestrial weather threats that could degrade U.S. satellite capabilities may include heavy rains for certain types of SATCOM, or high winds which would cause SATCOM dishes to be retracted/stored or destroyed. (5) Terrain and Vegetation refer to natural or man-made terrain (such as buildings/complex terrain/ urban canyons/etc.) as well as jungle canopy and its effects on GPS and/or SATCOM.

LOAC principles helps legal practitioners

(1) interpret specific treaty or customary rules, (2) apply these rules to novel or complex situations, and (3) understand how LOAC operates as a coherent system to regulate the conduct of hostilities

The Constitution further provides in ______________ that the President, as the nation's Chief Executive, be the Commander in Chief of the armed forces of the United States.

(Art. II, Sec. 2)

Cyberspace electromagnetic activities

(CEMA)

Denied, Degraded, and Disrupted Space Operational Environment

(D3SOE)

What are the OE Variables

(PMESII-PT) Political Military Economic Social Information Infrastructure Physical Environment Time

The seven geographic commands are:

(USNORTHCOM) North America, Homeland defense (USEUCOM). Europe, Greenland, Russia. (USSOUTHCOM). Caribbean, Central and South America (USINDOPACOM). Asia, Pacific, and Antarctica participate." (USCENTCOM). Egypt and Southwest Asia. (USAFRICOM). All of Africa with the exception of Egypt. (USSPACECOM). 100KM above the earth's surface and beyond.

Promotions PV2, PFC, and SPC will be as follows

(a) Promotion to PV2 is 6 months TIS. (b) Promotion to PFC is 12 months TIS and 4 months TIG. (c) Promotion to SPC is 24 months TIS and 6 months TIG.

Military police at DCPs and DHAs check each tag for the:

(i) Date and time of capture. (ii) Name of the capturing unit. (iii) Location of the point of capture. (iv) Circumstances of capture.

Transferable flags:

- APFT failures - Soldiers in Weight Control Program - Punishment phase of adverse action

The purposes of the UN

-Maintain international peace & security -Develop friendly international relations based on self-determination and equal rights -Promote human rights & social/economic development -Help harmonize the actions of the nations to achieve these goals

A centralized promotion system has been in effect for promotion of RA enlisted Soldiers since

1 January 1969 for SGM, 1 March 1969 for MSG, and 1 June 1970 for SFC.

DA Form 268 and supporting documentation removing a Flag must be maintained for_______________ by the unit or the HR office controlling the flagging action.

1 year

Communication Styles

1) Direct - What one means is stated in a very straightforward & direct manner. There is no "beating around the bush. 2)Indirect - Meaning is conveyed by subtle means such as nonverbal behavior, parables & stories, suggestions & implication. Indirectness is equated with politeness & respect for the other person 3)Task-Focused - Communication focuses on the task at hand & getting it done. 4) Relationship-Focused - Communication is focused on building & maintaining relationships. 5) Attached - In such a culture, communication is carried out with feeling & emotion. Detached - In such a culture, communication is carried out in a calm & impersonal manner.

the rules of norms interaction differ between one's home & one's workplace. These norms (FRESH-T) include:

1) Fate. 2) Roles 3) Emotions. 4) Space. 5) Honor. 6) Time.

In amendments to the National Security Act, beginning in 1949, Congress_____

significantly strengthened the authorities of the "Secretary of National Defense." Changed National Military Establishment to Department of Defense. It created the position of the "Secretary of Defense", as the head of an Executive Department (Department of Defense-DoD) with authority, direction and control over the Departments of Army, Navy (which includes two services, the Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps), and Air Force. made the Secretary of Defense the "principal assistant to the President in all matters pertaining to DoD" and placed the Secretary in the operational chain of command between the President as Commander in Chief and the warfighting commanders.

Transition states are ______

some other larger, industrialized countries that want to be accepted among the core states as major powers, but have issues with their forms of governance, or security & economic systems. The results of the transition are uncertain. Will they eventually become Core States, or will they become Rogue States, aggressively challenging the U.S. & the western liberal world order?

Lex specialis rule

special laws override general laws

Functions are ___________

specific responsibilities assigned by the President and Secretary of Defense to enable the services to fulfill their legally established roles.

Commanders and their ________ conduct CEMA to plan, integrate, and synchronize cyberspace and EW operations as a unified effort to project power in and through cyberspace and the EMS.

staffs

Missions are ________

tasks assigned by the President or by the Secretary of Defense and the President to the commanders of Combatant Commands, e.g., "Prepare a military plan to defend against ."

The Constitution (Article I, Section 8) specified________

that Congress alone would have the power to raise and support armies (and provide and maintain a Navy), to declare war, to make rules concerning captures on land and water, and to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia.

The US Space Force is a military service ______

that organizes, trains, and equips space forces in order to protect U.S. and allied interests in space and to provide space capabilities to the joint force.

. Initially the American JCS consisted of three men

the Army Chief of Staff, the Commanding General of the Army Air Forces, and the Commander in Chief of the U.S. Fleet and Chief of Naval Operations

the JCS undertook the coordination and strategic direction of _____________

the Army and Navy.

President Dwight D. Eisenhower promulgated

the Code of Conduct on August 17, 1955.

For Soldiers separating while flagged,_________ may be authenticated by the officer in charge of the in-and outprocessing work center after coordination with the losing commander.

the DA Form 268

National Defense Authorization Act. The USSF was established within ______

the Department of the Air Force, meaning the Secretary of the Air Force has overall responsibility for the USSF, under the guidance and direction of the Secretary of Defense

the effective date of a Flag, unless otherwise specified in this regulation, will be the date that the circumstance(s) requiring the Flag occurred, not the date _______________

the Flag was initiated (for example, if the circumstance occurred on the 25th of March, but the Flag was not initiated until the 3d of April, the effective date of the Flag would still be the 25th of March).

Congress passed ________________________, in order to formally establish the organizations that were created during World War II, which facilitated better control over the military.

the National Security Act of 1947

DATE World is comprised of four geographically unique regions across the globe, what are they?

the Pacific, Europe, Caucasus, & Africa.

The Army profession includes two complementary communities of practice -

the Profession of Arms and the Army Civilian

The Profession of Arms comprises

the Soldiers of the Regular Army, Army National Guard, and the Army Reserve

The Decisive Action Training Environment World is ________

the U.S. Army's official training environment, designed to enable readiness for major pacing threat challenges & advanced & persistent threats for all operational environments. It provides the Army training community with a singular, unified, scalable training environment that facilitates training across live, virtual, & constructive events

Components of Culture e divided into four inter-related areas: ___

the VBBN model, types of cultures, norms of interaction behaviors.

Fate is____

the culturally based concept that everything that occurs is already inevitably predetermined, & cannot be altered based on human actions. It may also be viewed as "destiny." Ask yourself "Who is in charge of my life?" then answer yourself

A hybrid threat in the operational environment is defined as:

the diverse & dynamic combination of regular & irregular military forces along with terrorist, criminal, & cyber elements all unified to achieve mutually benefiting effects. Hybrid threats are not a new phenomenon. There are numerous historical & contemporary examples that illustrate the concept that our enemies will organize in a manner they feel will give them the best chance at achieving victory & avoiding defeat. Hybrid threats may not only attack traditional military targets, but may also simultaneously attack social, economic, information, & infrastructure targets as well, using all available means at their disposal.

Promotions to PV2, PFC, and SPC will be made automatically by

the electronic military personnel office system (eMILPO) (RA) and the Regional Level Application Software (RLAS) (USAR) or immediately with promotion orders (ARNG) for posting to the automated personnel file and/or the master military pay file.

________________ plans, coordinates, synchronizes, and when appropriate, integrates military operations with the activities of other governmental and nongovernmental entities to achieve unity of effort.

the joint force commander( JFC)

The reservation (a.k.a. Bottom Line) point is_______

the least favorable option or offer either side might accept (for example, the lowest price a seller will accept, or the highest price a buyer will pay). does not fall between both parties' reservation points, then the likelihood of entering into the agreement is low & negotiations may cease as one party elects to execute its best alternative to a negotiated agreement

Sovereignty is defined as:

the legitimate & ultimate authority over a polity (i.e., a political unit).

The Evaluation Reporting System (ERS) encompasses

the means and methods needed for developing people and leaders. and identifies Soldiers who are best qualified for promotion and assignment to positions of greater responsibility.

The Army function is

the nation's decisive land warfare force. The ability of Army forces to compel adversaries, deter aggression, reassure allies and friends, and provide support to the nation as an instrument of national policy and objectives is directly related to the quantity of force it is able to apply.

Knowledge management is __________

the process of enabling knowledge flow to enhance shared understanding, learning, and decision-making (ADRP 6-0). Knowledge flow is the ease of movement of knowledge in organizations.

U.S. Secretary of State - The Secretary of State,

the ranking member of the Cabinet and fourth in line of presidential succession, is the President's principal advisor on foreign policy and the person chiefly responsible for US representation abroad.

The Army Ethics is

the set of enduring moral principles, values, beliefs, and laws that guide the Army profession and create the culture of trust essential to Army professionals in the conduct of missions, performance of duty, and all aspects of life.

Culture is _______

the shared values, beliefs, behaviors, norms, & material artifacts members of a society use to cope with their physical & social environments. Culture conditions an individual's range of actions & ideas, including what to do &not do...

LOAC principles provide the foundation for

the specific LOAC rules

Unified action during multinational operations involves _________________________

the synergistic application of all instruments of national power as provided by each participating nation; it includes the actions of nonmilitary organizations as well as military forces. T

Types of cultures throughout the world can be broadly classified by ____

their communication style (context sensitivity) & their degree of dependence (individualism/collectivism).

While the moral foundations of the Army ethic are not legally binding,

they provide the inspiration to strive for excellence in contribution of honorable service to the Nation

The "Hague Tradition",

this prong of the law of armed conflict focuses on regulating the means and methods of warfare (e.g., tactics, weapons, and targeting decisions).

The "Geneva Tradition",

this prong of the law of armed conflict is focused on establishing non-derogable protections for the "victims of war."

Within different cultures there are two primary modes of ______ orientation:- monochronic & polychronic

time

The leave and pass program is designed

to allow Soldiers to use their authorized leave to the maximum extent possible.

The U.S. Air Force primary function is ________

to attain and sustain air and space superiority. The Air Force uses its unique capabilities to perform a global attack mission. The Air Force can use forces based in the continental United States and attack targets worldwide using precision weapons and agile combat support.

The U.S. Marine Corps primary function is ________

to be the United States initial response forces. They provide a combined arms force tailored to seize and hold naval ports and beachheads. They also provide special operations capable forces to be used in situations that require extraction from dangerous environment such as the evacuation of American citizens from foreign embassies or countries.

Interorganizational cooperation refers

to broader interaction among elements of DOD; relevant USG departments and agencies; state, territorial, local, and tribal agencies; foreign military forces and government agencies; international organizations; NGOs; the private sector; and other mission partners.

The secondary function of the ERS is

to encourage leader professional development and enhance mission accomplishment through sound senior and/or subordinate relationships that stress the importance of setting standards and giving direction to subordinate officer and NCO leaders.

The purpose of PERSEVERANCE

to ensure the commitment necessary to attain the national strategic end state.

ERS basic foundation

to evaluate today's Soldiers to select and develop tomorrow's leaders—will remain consistent.

Purpose of RESTRAINT

to limit collateral damage and prevent the unnecessary or unlawful use of force.

The US Navy's primary function is _______

to provide forward presence. It does this through continuous engagement overseas with allied nations navies and port visits. Because of the continuous presence the Navy is often the first response to a crisis. It can provide a show of force in situations that have not progress into open conflict and if conflict occurs it can bring overwhelming firepower to bear.

The primary function of the ERS is

to provide information to HQDA for use in making personnel management decisions.

Individualism in a culture which tends

towards individualism, the individual identifies primarily with self. The needs of the individual are satisfied before those of the group. Looking after & taking care of oneself & being self-sufficient guarantees the well-being of the group. Independence & self-reliance are greatly stressed & valued.

US Army doctrine (FM 3-22 Army Support to Security Cooperation) states "Rapport comprises _______, ________, __________. No amount of resources or firepower can compensate for a lack of rapport between advisor & FSF [Foreign Security Forces] counterpart

understanding respect & trust

Fragile states (previously known as failed or failing states) are_____

weaker countries that have lost or are losing the ability to meet the security, governance, & economic needs of their populations & are therefore falling apart. Examples of recent fragile states are Sudan & Somalia.

ARNG and USAR Soldiers on IADT ________be promoted to SPC unless concurrence is obtained from the Soldier's RC unit

will not

The DA Form 638__________________be used to issue State or Joint awards.

will not

What are the five Space Force Enhancement (SFE) functions?

• Satellite Communications (SATCOM) • Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (provided by GPS satellites) • Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) • Missile Warning (Overhead Persistent Infrared OPIR) • Environmental Monitoring (weather and terrain data) operations

Cyberspace Domain

A global domain within the information environment consisting of the interdependent network of information technology infrastructures, including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers.

the Code of Conduct was introduced after ______

Public awareness of instances of misconduct by U.S. service members during their captivity as POWs during the Korean War. The Code of Conduct was written to be consistent with the requirements imposed by the GPW

_______ tells us how the world was created, how it has been sustained, why things happen, why they don't happen, how we should live our lives, what will happen when we die, etc.

Religion

Proportionality

Requires commanders to refrain from attacks in which the expected loss or injury to civilians and damage to civilian objects incidental to such attacks would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage expected to be gained. It also underlies the requirement to take feasible precautions to reduce the risk of harm to civilians, other protected persons and civilian objects.

Tenets of Multinational Operations:

Respect, Rapport, Knowledge of Partners, Patience, Mission, Focus, Trust and Confidence

_________enables CEMA by providing the cyberspace domain global reach at multiple levels of classification. This enables the integration of air, ground, sea, space, and cyber missions.

SATCOM

_________ are the management portions of electromagnetic spectrum operations (ESMO).

SMO

____________ and ________________are enablers to CEMA.

Satellite Communications (SATCOM) Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

The component commands are provided by the __________.

Services. There are Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine, and Special Operations components in each regional and functional combatant command.

Mandatory List Integration

Soldiers, after having been eligible for promotion list integration while in the primary zone for one year, who are not integrated into the promotion recommended list will be integrated by HQDA for RA and the U.S. Army Reserve Command (USARC)- G-1 for USAR (AGR).

Army Space Forces include the following:____

Space Support Elements (SSE) Army Space Support Team (ARSST)

________also relates to comfort/discomfort with eye contact. In some cultures eye contact is taken as a sign of reliability & trustworthiness. In others, eye contact may be seen as disrespectful & inappropriate

Space orientation

AR 600-8-2 covers what?

Suspension of Favorable Personnel Actions

____________ is what individuals know; a unique, personal store of knowledge gained from life experiences, training, and networks of friends, acquaintances, and professional colleagues.

Tacit knowledge

ATP 6-01.1 Covers ?

Techniques for Effective Knowledge Management

State Actors Is _____

Term used to describe Nation-States when they interact on the world stage implementing their foreign policies.

IAW LOAC Deskbook, pg. 19, para II (A), primary sources of the law of armed conflict, while there are numerous law of armed conflict treaties in force today, most fall within two broad

The "Hague Law" or "Hague Tradition" of regulating means and methods of warfare, and The "Geneva Law" or "Geneva Tradition" of respecting and protecting victims of warfare.

____________guides institutional policy and practice in the ethical design, generation, support and application of land power, under civilian authority, on behalf of the American people.

The Army ethic

The legal foundations of the Army ethic are

The Constitution of the United States, United States Code The Uniformed Code of Military Justice, Other orders and directives. Army professionals adhere to these mandates as the minimum standards for ethical conduct.

A legitimized Joint Chiefs of Staff as a permanent organization.

The Joint Chiefs provide the Chairman their military advice on how best to advise the President. In providing their advice, they

The the National Security Act of 1947 created:

The National Security Council (NSC) The National Military Establishment (NME) The Service Secretaries and their responsibilities The Unified and Specified Combatant commands, their responsibilities and command relationships A legitimized Joint Chiefs of Staff as a permanent organization.

_________________ primarily through the Unified Command Plan and Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan, provide MISSIONS to the warfighting commanders of combatant commands.

The President and the Secretary of Defense

__________________ identify specific FUNCTIONS to be provided by the services, e.g., furnish forces for the occupation of territories abroad.

The President and/or the Secretary of Defense

The Service Secretaries and their responsibilities.

The Secretary of National Defense was a co-equal with the other Secretaries.

If a Soldier perceives an order is unlawful, the Soldier should fully understand the order's details and original intent.

The Soldier should seek immediate clarification from the person who issued the order before proceeding

Zone of Possible Agreement (ZOPA): _____

The area between each party's aspiration & reservation points defines their own bargaining range.

____________of the knowledge management process builds the solutions derived from the assessment and design steps. The knowledge management officer communicates regularly with the chief of staff (COS)/XO to verify if the solutions as designed are on the right track to fill the knowledge and performance gaps.

The develop step

Cyberspace Operations (CO)

The employment of cyberspace capabilities where the primary purpose is to achieve objectives in or through cyberspace.

This variable describes the distribution of responsibility & power at all levels of governance or cooperation. Such systems enjoy varying degrees of legitimacy with the populations at local, regional, & national (or transnational) levels

The political variable

Alliance:

The relationship that results from a formal agreement between two or more nations for broad, long-term objectives that further the common interests of the members. (DOD Dictionary. Source: JP 3-0)

Space is

The space environment, space assets, and terrestrial resources required to access and operate in, to, or through the space environment.

Unified action -

The synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities of governmental and nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of effort.

Electromagnetic Attack (EA) is ______

The use of electromagnetic energy, directed energy, or anti-radiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability and is considered a form of fires.

Actors in the OE

These actors will range from traditional nation-states to noncombatants, transnational corporations & individuals.

Goldwater-Nichols Act (1986) created

This act clarified the roles and responsibilities of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and established a chain of command to the combatant commanders. The act also: 1. Designated the Chairman as the principal military advisor. 2. Transferred the corporate duties of JCS to the Chairman. 3. Specified the chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense to the combatant commanders.

Responsibilities are the broad and enduring purposes for which the services (USA, USN, USMC, USAF, USSF), were established by _____________. In broadest terms, it is a shared responsibility to organize, train, and equip forces (making the Services the "Force provider" to the Combatant Commander):

Title 10, Congress in law

Why Knowledge Management is Important

To BRIDGE the ART of Command and the Science of Control through knowledge management (ATP 6-01.1, 2015).

Combined:

Two or more forces or agencies of two or more allies operating together.

Unified commands are_______________

Typically established when a broad continuing mission exists requiring execution by significant forces of TWO or more Military Departments and necessitating single strategic direction.

Four functional commands

U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM), U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), U.S. Transportation Command USTRANSCOM), and U.S. Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM).

Parallel Command Structures.

Under a parallel command structure, no single force commander is designated.

Army profession Legal Motivation of Compliance

United States Constitution United States Code Uniform Code of Military Justice Executive Orders Treaties, Law of Land Warfare

Historic examples of Joint Operations

VICKSBURG Vicksburg, as executed by General Ulysses S. Grant and Admiral David D. DESERT ONE (OPERATION EAGLE CLAW) A complex rescue operation was directed by a loosely assembled staff, with involvement of the Delta Force and all services. GRENADA Operation URGENT FURY, the restoration of democracy in Grenada, was an overall success as a military operation and pointed the way for continued improvements in the US approach to joint military operations JUST CAUSE Operation JUST CAUSE, the invasion of Panama, took advantage of the organizational changes wrought by the Goldwater-Nichols legislation and doctrinal lessons from Operation URGENT FURY. DESERT STORM Operation DESERT STORM demonstrated virtually every principle of war and element of joint doctrine in action. At the beginning of the crisis, when it appeared that Saddam Hussein might try to push into Saudi Arabia,

A review of the Code of Conduct after the return of U.S. POWs from the __________ confirmed the value of the Code of Conduct.

Vietnam War

high context communication_____

Where understanding of a situation or meaning is conditioned or learned.

Low context communication____

Where understanding of a situation or meaning is made accessible in surroundings. In comparison, in a culture which tends more towards low context sensitivity, knowledge & behavior are generally explicit, with meaning directly accessible in the situation & surroundings. it also refer to societies where people tend to have many connections but of shorter duration or for some limited specific reasons.

the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) traces its beginnings only to________________

World War II Soon after American entry into that war, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill created the Combined Chiefs of Staff to provide strategic direction to the US British war effort.

The US Coast Guard is _______

a Military Service and a branch of the Armed Forces of the United States at all times. Located within the DHS, it is specifically authorized to assist the DoD in performance of any activity for which the Coast Guard is especially qualified.

A negotiation is _______

a communication process between two or more parties. This process may range from an open and cordial discussion with a free exchange of information as parties cooperatively seek to satisfy common interests to something closed and adversarial, where information is hoarded as parties fight to satisfy only their own positions, and if needed, destroy the opposite's ability to achieve theirs. In the middle is a bargaining option where you "give some and gain some." In other words, a negotiation tries to resolve conflict between two parties

A state is ______

a political unit that has sovereignty over an area of territory & the people within it.

DATE World is ______

a simulated web-based environment created & maintained by U.S. Army Training & Doctrine Command's Intelligence Directorate (G-2).

A combatant command is _________________command with a broad continuing mission under a single commander.

a unified or specified

Beliefs are_____

a view of reality shared by a group. What do we believe is truth? This can be called a "worldview,"—which is one way to describe an all encompassing view of the world, human existence, & truth. Often this is found in religion. Beliefs are very firmly engrained & not something easily changed.

Types of Promotions

a) Decentralized Promotions: Enlisted promotions to Private E2, Private First Class, and Specialist. b) Semi-Centralized Promotions: Enlisted promotions to Sergeant and Staff Sergeant c) Centralized Promotions: Sergeant First Class, Master Sergeant, and Sergeant Major

Categories of Individual Awards:

a) Decorations. b) Army Good Conduct Medal (AGCM). c) Campaign, expeditionary, and service medals. d) Service Ribbons. e) Badges and tabs. f) Certificates and letters.

Flags are classified into two categories depending on the specific action or investigation:

a) Nontransferable. The flagged Soldier may not be transferred to another unit Transferable. The flagged Soldier may be transferred to another unit.

CEMA considerations

a. CEMA can involve significant legal and policy considerations. b. Coordination and execution of CEMA may require long lead times due to availability of assets and approval authority considerations. c. CEMA involves the employment of additional capabilities that offer options for the commander. d. CEMA can create simultaneous and complementary effects across multiple domains. e. Situational understanding of the operational environment is incomplete without the inclusion of cyberspace and the EMS. f. CEMA must be leveraged to protect and assure access to the mission command system. g. Units can request support for nonorganic capabilities to provide effects on, in, and through cyberspace and the EMS.

Junior Leaders' role in CEMA

a. Gain situational understanding of the OE to enable CEMA integration. b. Participate in the target development process and recommend CEMA effects where appropriate. c. Coordinate directly with the staff and attend battle rhythm events involving CEMA. d. Employ troop leading procedures and ensure measures are in place to protect and defend the mission command system. e. Conduct emissions control (EMCON) in to enhance OPSEC.

Space capabilities

a. The GPS (Global Positioning System b. Satellite Communications (SATCOM) c. Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance (ISR) d. Commercial Imagery Resources.

The following are some cultural norms that can become force multipliers:

a. Understanding appropriate local gestures b. Learning proper greetings (language & actions) c. Understanding how & when to show respect d. Understanding what is deemed as disrespectful e. Understanding the role of women within the culture f. Identifying what is considered sacred g. Learning the proper way to ask for things h. Understanding personal space & eye contact

Electromagnetic Support (ES) - Involves _____

actions tasked by, or under direct control of, an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, and locate or localize sources of intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition, targeting, planning, and conduct of future operations.

Cyberspace electromagnetic activities (CEMA) are ______

activities leveraged to seize, retain, and exploit an advantage over adversaries and enemies in both cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum, while simultaneously denying and degrading adversary and enemy use of the same and protecting the mission command system.

non-state actors

actors other than state governments that operate either below the level of the state or across state borders. These actors generally fall into the category of paramilitary forces. Paramilitary forces are distinct from the regular armed forces of any country, but can resemble them in organization, uniforms & equipment, training, or tactics. Insurgents are groups that conduct irregular or unconventional warfare within the borders of their country in order to undermine or overthrow a constituted government or civil authority.

The National Security Council (NSC)

advises the President on the integration of domestic, foreign and military policies as they relate to the national security.

The staff judge advocate and staff ______

advises the commander and the CEMA working group with respect to operational law and cyberspace actions, particularly if cyberspace operations may affect noncombatants.

G/S2 - Provides _______

all source intelligence support to CEMA. Coordinates with Intelligence Community to determine attribution of adversary actions in cyber/electronic attacks or exploitation activities.

Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC)

also referred to as the law of war, is that part of international law that regulates the conduct of hostilities and the protection of war victims both in international and non- international armed conflict; belligerent occupation; and the relationship between belligerent, neutral, and non-belligerent States (see DOD Law of War Manual, 1.3; JP 3-84)

Goldwater-Nichols Act (1986)

amendment to the National Security Act of 1947, it was an attempt by Congress to rectify problems in joint operations that were evident after the attempted rescue of the American hostages in Iran (Operation Desert One), and the invasion of Grenada (Operation Urgent Fury).

U. S. Agency for International Development - USAID is

an independent federal agency that receives overall foreign policy guidance from the Secretary of State. Through its assistance programs, USAID plays an active and vital role in promoting US national security and foreign policy interests.

A CMOC is

an organization, normally comprising Civil Affairs, established to plan and facilitate coordination of activities of the Armed Forces of the United States within Indigenous Populations and Institutions (IPI), the private sector, international organizations, NGOs, MNFs, and other governmental agencies in support of the JFC. CMOCs are tailored to the mission and augmented by engineer, medical, and transportation assets to the supported commander

What are Third Party Actors ?

another type of non-state actors such as:- -international humanitarian relief organizations -refugees/IDPs -other civilians in the OE -media -transnational corporations -Private Security Organizations (PSO). *generally non hostile BUT can get in the way*

The suspension of favorable actions on a Soldier is mandatory when military or civilian authorities initiate ______________________________ that may potentially result in disciplinary or adverse administrative action

any investigation or inquiry

Electromagnetic warfare is _______

any military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy.

Joint Force Commanders___________ just responsible for coordinating the actions of military forces.

are not

Flags _____________ used for punishment or restriction, but only as an administrative tool.

are not to be

cultural resiliency is defined ______

as "the ability to adapt to a culture other than your own while maintaining your own cultural identity."

VBBN Model of Culture____

at their most fundamental level, all cultures are based on a network of shared values, beliefs, behaviors, & norms. These are commonly referred to by the acronym VBBN.

Why The Homeland Security Act of 2002 created a new Department of Homeland Security (DHS);

because The events of 11 September 2001

the use of a parallel command structure should be avoided, if at all possible.

because of the absence of a single commander

Army Space Support Team (ARSST) -

can perform the same functions as the SSE, and have a better capability to produce finished space products. Divisions without organic SSEs may have an attached team

The key to effective integration of joint forces is to understand the_____________ of the components, then assign them missions that best meet the overall objectives. T

capabilities and limitations

The National Military Establishment (NME)

combined the War Department and the Department of the Navy. The act organized the NME into the Office of the Secretary, the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy and a new department-- the Department of the Air Force.

All combatant commands are made up of _________________ commands

component

The Hague model of regulating specific weapons and their application, while the Geneva Tradition

confers the protections of the law of armed conflict primarily by assigning certain persons and places a legal status.

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

consolidating various resources within a single department. The purpose of DHS is to prevent terrorist attacks within the US, reduce America's vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage from terrorism and national disasters.

assessment is ___________ throughout the steps process.

continuous

ERS combines major elements of

counseling, assessment, documentation, and integration with other personnel functions

Rogue states are ____

countries that are hostile to the United States, our allies, or their own neighbors. Some examples of countries we have officially considered to be rogue states are North Korea, Iran, Cuba, & Libya—and recently Syria. These countries are troublemakers.

secondary zone

creates an accelerated promotion opportunity for Soldiers who excel and clearly are ahead of their peers. Unit CDRs will consider eligible Soldiers in the secondary zone for integration into the SGT/SSG recommended list on a monthly basis.

Cultural self-awareness is one of the primary subcomponents of _________

cross-cultural competency (3C)

The physical environment variable_____

defines the physical circumstances & conditions that influence the execution of operations throughout the domains of air, land, sea, & space.

The general terms "high context" & "low context" & "individualist" & collectivist" are sometimes used to _____

describe broad-brush cultural differences between societies.

The social variable_________

describes the traditional, religious, & ethnic composition within an OE. A social system consists of the people, groups, & institutions that exhibit shared identity, behaviors, values, & beliefs.

Space orientation also_____

differs considerably between cultures. They have to do with territory, divisions between private & public, comfortable personal distance, comfort or lack of comfort with physical touch & contact, & expectations about where & how contact will take place

A Flag is emplaced during some type of

disciplinary or administrative action until that action is concluded. The Flag should be initiated within 3 working days after identification of the Soldier's unfavorable status and removed within 3 working days after determination of the final disposition.

Frequency Jamming

disruption of radio signals through use of an over-powered signal in the same frequency range

There are two basic categories into which most negotiation strategies fall: _______

distributive & integrative

__________of maturity that an organization can expect to pass through in its road to improve its overall knowledge-centric practices and processes and ultimately operational performance. This means that processes to refine knowledge flow become inherent in the DAY-TO-DAY operations seamlessly

A knowledge maturity model defines stages

__________ assessments are focused on needs or identified problems. The commander or executive officer (XO)/chief of staff (COS) directs an assessment focused on those identified areas. This type of assessment focuses on a SINGLE topic, unit, process, or tool. A RAPID knowledge management assessment is done when a performance gap has been identified, to determine if a knowledge based solution will improve performance (paragraphs 2-28 through 2-30 describe performance gaps and their analysis).

Abbreviated knowledge management

Lead Nation (LN) Command Structure.

An LN structure exists when all member nations place their forces under the control of one nation. A good example of the LN structure is Multinational Force-Iraq, wherein a US-led HQ provided overall command and control

Coalition:

An arrangement between two or more nations for common action. Coalitions are typically ad hoc; formed by different nations, often with different objectives; usually for a single problem or issue, while addressing a narrow sector of common interest.

___________ is the best each party hopes to get out of a negotiated agreement--what each party desires to achieve. It is a realistic view of setting the highest achievable standard in terms of goals or objectives in a negotiated agreement. I

An aspiration point

Civil-Military Operations Center (CMOC) -

An effective solution to gaps in coordination, synchronization, and integration is the Civil Military Operations Center (CMOC).

Private sector -

An umbrella term that may be applied to any or all of the nonpublic or commercial individuals and businesses, specified nonprofit organizations, most of academia and other scholastic institutions, and selected nongovernmental organizations

The Army Civilian Corps is composed of

Army civilians serving in the Department of the Army

What are the five steps in the KM process?

Assess. Design. Develop. Pilot. Implement

_____precedes and guides the other activities of the operations process

Assessment

humanity

Basis of protection for civilians; forbids inflicting suffering, injury, damage, or destruction unnecessary to accomplish a legitimate military purpose

_________ are observable patterns of action, while ________are a range of permissible behaviors established by group. In essence, _______are the things we can do that are considered "normal" by others in our particular culture.

Behaviors norms norms

________can occur in and through the entire EMS.

CEMA

Categories of Leave

Chargeable and non-chargeable

FM 6-27

Commander's Handbook on the Law of Land Warfare

Space Support Elements (SSE)

Commander's primary advisor on space-related operations. support CEMA by creating a space situation template during the intelligence preparation of the battlespace

The Coast Guard

Conduct coastal sea control and maritime and air interception and interdiction operations. Conduct maritime homeland security and counterterrorism operations. Provide for port operations, security, and defense. During deployment and redeployment operations for the joint force, the Coast Guard can provide force protection of military shipping at US seaports of embarkation and debarkation.

____________assigns the primary ROLE of the services, e.g., organize, train and equip forces for prompt and sustained combat incident to land.

Congress

The oath to support and defend the__________ unites all Army professionals. In so doing, they agree to live by and uphold the Army ethic

Constitution

Non-chargeable leave

Convalescent PTDY Excess Leave Regular Pass Special Pass

Unity of effort -

Coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the participants are not necessarily part of the same command or organization, which is the product of successful unified action.

lack _____________ of an OE & will thus make mistakes that unintentionally offend the local populace. The enemy will attempt to publicize these unintentional offensive actions in order to solidify its own people's mistrust or hatred of the outsiders or to turn regional neighbors against them.

Cultural awareness

__________ is the knowledge, skills & attitudes regarding American culture that enable individuals to adapt effectively in cross-cultural environments. It encompasses US social, military, & interagency culture & includes any potential cultural biases that may exist.

Cultural self-awareness

________is a system of shared values, beliefs, behaviors, & norms people use to cope with both their physical & social environments, which is learned through interacting with others.

Culture

Foundations of CEMA is responsible for planning, integrating, and synchronizing the Following :----

Cyberspace operations (CO), Electromagnetic warfare (EW), Spectrum management operations (SMO)

What are the two types of Performing a KM Assessment

DELIBERATE ABBREVIATED

Army profession Moral Motivation of Aspiration

Declaration of Independence Universal Declaration of Human Rights Just War Tradition (Jus ad Bellum) Army culture of trust Professional organizational climate

honor

Demands a certain amount of fairness and a certain mutual respect between opposing forces.

The information variable ______

Describes the nature, scope, characteristics, and effects of individuals, organizations, and systems that collect, process, disseminate, or act on information.

The terms "interagency" and "interorganizational"

do not define structures or organizations, but rather describe processes occurring among various separate entities.

Electromagnetic warfare consists of three distinct divisions:

electromagnetic attack (EA), electromagnetic protection (EP), and electromagnetic support (ES).

Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA): BATNAs are _____

elegantly simple in concept, but notoriously difficult in execution. It is the option a negotiating party might execute should the negotiations fail. The key is you must be able to execute a BATNA without the involvement of the opposite.

Interagency coordination is conducted between

elements of DOD and relevant USG departments and agencies to achieve unity of effort.

Cultures view the display of _____ quite differently throughout the world. While some cultures by their very nature are very flamboyant, unrestrained, & openly display emotions (such as many cultures surrounding the Mediterranean Sea), others are much more reserved & actively suppress emotional outbursts of any kind (such as many East Asian cultures)

emotions

The economic variable ______

encompasses individual behaviors related to the production, distribution, & consumption of material goods & services, through both formal & informal economies.

Distributive negotiations are________

essentially zero-sum. Because resources are seen as fixed & limited, any gain by one side represents a loss for the other. Conflict is seen as inevitable, & competition rather than cooperation guides negotiations.

Primary Zone

establishes a point in time when Soldiers should be ready (that is, trained, in good standing, and meets Army standards) to assume positions of increased responsibility.

________ may not always be obvious decisions between right and wrong. Leaders use multiple perspectives to think about ethical concerns, applying them to determine the most ethical choice.

ethical choices

What are the Types of Knowledge:

explicit and tacit

The military variable_______

explores the military capabilities of all relevant armed actors (to include terrorist,militias, insurgents) within a given OE. Such capabilities include equipment, manpower, military doctrine, training levels, resource constraints, & leadership issues. Military leadership is especially important. Analysis should focus on leaders' ability to field forces & leverage them for use domestically, regionally, or globally

Upon capture enemies, Soldiers must use the

five Ss and T technique to process detainees.

Political Variables

focuses on all political power (both formal & informal) within a given OE. Centers of political power may range from official state institutions to unrecognized groups (terrorists, criminal organizations, tribes, families) or individuals (dictators & terrorists). This includes the institutions of governance, the ability to enforce the rule of law & those structures or elements which provide public services.

Why is vitally important to be able to distinguish between combatants & non-combatants within an OE?

for operational, legal, & moral reasons.

Culture provides the framework_____

for rational thought & decisions. What one culture considers rational may not be rational in another culture.

G/S6 - Integrates_________

friendly network COP. Reports unauthorized network activity and possible threats

The Unified Combatant Commands are divided into two types of command -

geographic commands and functional commands.

Combatant commands typically have________

geographic or functional responsibilities.

geographic command is

given a specific region to help shape U.S. policy and to respond as required militarily in accordance with the National Security Strategy.

GPS Spoofing______

happens when an adversary uses a radio transmitter to send a counterfeit GPS signal to a receiver antenna to counter a legitimate GPS satellite signal. A GPS spoofing attack attempts to deceive a GPS receiver by broadcasting fake GPS signals, structured to resemble a set of normal GPS signals, or by rebroadcasting genuine signals captured elsewhere or at a different time. Also known as deception jamming.

Specified command___________

has a broad, continuing mission, normally FUNCATIONAL, and is established and so designated by the President through the Secretary of Defense and with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It normally is composed of forces from a SINGLE Military Department. Also called specified combatant command.

This authority of the President, coupled with ______

his treaty-making authority, appointive power - including appointment of federal officers of the armed forces - and the requirement to "take care that laws be faithfully executed," are the principal constitutional bases for Presidential direction of national security affairs with additional powers that relate to the military.

The concept of "saving face" is part of maintaining _________. It is a concept that varies across cultures & can cause some problems in cross cultural communications if there is a lack of awareness. In some cultures, saving face is a critical norm that governs honor, shame, how direct people are, what kinds of questions may be asked of someone, & what kind of answers may be given.

honor.

A SHARED IDENTITY—TRUSTED ARMY PROFESSIONALS

honorable servants in defense of the Nation, experts in the performance of their duties, and responsible stewards of the Army profession

The relationship between the Army profession and the American people depends on mutual trust, continuously reinforced through the performance of

honorable service, military expertise, and stewardship.

Nontransferable flags examples

i) Adverse action. ii) Involuntary Separation or Discharge. iii) Removal from Selection List. iv) Referred OER or Relief for Cause. v) Security Violation.

Values are defined as

ideas of right & wrong. They may also be called guiding principles or ideals. What do we think is the right way to act, & what is the wrong way? This is a thoroughly subjective question, one not often answered easily

MAXAR Global-Enhanced GEOINT Delivery (G-EGD) is an example of an you ________can download from the DigitalGlobe site.

imagery product

Threat Capabilities

improvised explosive devices (IED) explosively formed penetrator (EFP; CBRNE

Amendments to the National Security Act,

in 1949

The President then formed the US Joint Chiefs of Staff ____________________ as the American representatives to the Combined Chiefs of Staff.

in February 1942,

Integrated Command Structure. A good example of this command structure is

in NATO,

The SE contains multiple potential OEs. Therefore, there is no one operational environment. So, it's _____________ to state "the" OE, which would imply there's only one

incorrect

Lawful combatants are ______

individuals authorized by a government authority to engage in hostilities, & may be a member of a regular armed force or an irregular force. They must be commanded by a person responsible for subordinates, & must have fixed distinctive emblems recognizable at a distance, such as uniforms. Finally, they must carry arms openly, & conduct combat operations according to the Law of War (LOW). If captured, lawful combatants are entitled to Prisoner of War (POW) status & humane treatment in accordance with the articles of the Third Geneva Convention.

Unlawful combatants are ________

individuals who participate in hostilities without governmental authorization to do so. For example, civilians who attack a downed airman are unlawful combatants, just as are insurgents, terrorists, & criminals. Unlawful combatants who engage in hostilities violate the LOW & become lawful targets for engagement by U.S. forces in accordance with their rules-of-engagement (ROE). In addition to being wounded or killed, when captured, unlawful combatants may be tried as war criminals for their LOW violations.

The variable of time _____

influences military operations in terms of the decision-cycles, operational tempo, & planning horizons. It may also influence endurance or protraction of operations since popular support for extended operations may diminish over time.

To succeed in Multi-Domain Operations (MDO), CEMA must be_________

integrated and synchronized across all command echelons and warfighting functions.

Interest Based Negotiation (IBN) is an __________ focusing on relationships. Because long-term relationships are increasingly important, especially in counterinsurgency

integrative approach

Engagement is___

interpersonal interactions by Soldiers & leaders with audiences in an area of operations. It is considered a critical information-related capability on the modern battlefield.

The first major operations conducted after Goldwater- Nichols was the _____

invasion of Panama and the capture of General Noriega (Operation JUST CAUSE), and Operations DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM. The results of these operations were possible because of the legislative efforts to bring the planning and execution of multi-service operations closer together.

The JTF is ____________

is a joint force that is constituted and so designated by the Secretary of Defense, a combatant commander, a subordinate unified command commander, or an existing JTF commander. usually designed to be a short term, tailored force designed for a specific operation.

code of conduct

is a moral code designed to provide U.S. military personnel with a standard of conduct. Although designed for situations in which members of the U.S. armed forces may be held as POWs, the spirit and intent of the Code apply to service members subjected to other types of hostile detention, such as hostage scenarios.

A stakeholder

is a person, organization, or entity who affects or can be affected by actions of the US military. Stakeholders do not necessarily have shared goals or objectives with the US Government or Department of Defense.

Command List Integration (applicable to U.S. Army Reserve TPUs, ARE and/or multicomponent) only.

is a process that forces a Soldier onto the SGT and SSG list after the Soldier has transitioned through the primary zone without having been recommended by the CDR. The CDR must act to deny integration; with appropriate counseling.

The Army Profession

is a trusted vocation of Soldiers and Army civilians whose collective expertise is the ethical design, generation, support, and application of land power; serving under civilian authority; and entrusted to defend the Constitution and the rights and interests of the American people.

A mission partner

is an agency or other external stakeholder that the US military works with in a specific situation or operation, based on an agreement, commitment or willing arrangement, to advance their mutual interests. Mission partners broadly share mission goals and objectives.

United Nations - The UN

is an international organization founded in 1945 and comprised of nearly all of the world's nation-states.

The infrastructure ______

is composed of the basic facilities, services, & installations needed for the functioning of a community or society.

According to Edward Hall, "A high context communication or message is _____

is one in which most of the information is already in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicit, transmitted part of the message." some examples in our common American experience are family gatherings or US military memorial services.

Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM)

is responsible for controlling space; deterring attacks on the United States and its allies, launching and operating the satellites systems that support our forces worldwide and should deterrence fail, directing the use of our strategic forces.

___________ is identifying and tailoring human-centric solutions to close and mitigate the gaps or problems identified during assessment. This could be refinements of existing processes or tools; training and educating people; changes to organizational structure or culture; and aligning all of these to achieve the best results with a viable solution. I

Design

Distinction

Distinguishing between combatants and military objectives on the one hand and civilians and civilian objects on the other in offense and defense.

AR 600-8-19 covers what?

Enlisted Promotions and Reductions

AR 623-3 What does it cover?

Evaluation Reporting System

________ is codified or formally documented knowledge organized and transferred to others through digital or non-digital means.

Explicit knowledge

LOAC Soldier's/ Marine's Rules

Fight only enemy combatants. Do not harm enemies who surrender. Disarm the enemy and turn them over to your superiors. Do not kill or torture enemy prisoners of war or other detainees. Collect and care for the wounded, whether friend or foe. Do not attack medical personnel, facilities, or equipment. Destroy no more than the mission requires. Treat all civilians humanely. Do not steal. Respect private property and possessions. Do your best to prevent violations of the law of war. Report all violations of the law of war to your superiors.

________ enables CEMA by providing real time friendly and enemy forces location data for the planning and execution of Electromagnetic Warfare.

GPS

All Soldiers must receive Code of Conduct training.

IAW AR 350-1 Conduct training is changed from annual recurring training requirement to a commander's

G/S9 Civil Affairs -

Identifies civilian and commercial cyber-related capacity and infrastructure in the AO.

Information Operations (IO) Element -

Identifies information capacity and infrastructure in the AO.

Once a pilot run of a knowledge management solution has demonstrated the value of the designed solution, the next step is to fully_________ the solution.

Implement

______________the framers of the Constitution established the principle of civilian control over the armed forces of the United States.

In 1787

Space Support Element -

Integrates space-related capabilities into CEMA planning.

Spectrum Management Operations (SMO)

Interrelated functions of spectrum management, that enable the planning, management, and execution of operations within the electromagnetic operational environment.

purpose of Knowledge Management

It seeks to align people, processes, and tools—including information technology—in the organization to continuously capture, maintain, and reuse key information and lessons learned to help units learn and adapt and improve mission performance. Knowledge management enhances an organization's ability to detect and remove obstacles to knowledge flow, thereby fostering mission success.

The combatant command will also have ____________ Forces assigned to it during operations

Joint Task

_____________ connect people and build _________ and ________ networks to transfer knowledge. Knowledge transfer is moving knowledge, including knowledge based on expertise or skilled judgment, from one person to another.

Knowledge managers, formal, informal

The _________ was initially developed for military LEs in Afghanistan & was also used for specialty teams such as Female Engagement Teams (FET) & Culture Support Teams (CST).

LE cycle

promotion authority to the rank of SGT and SSG for Soldiers assigned to units attached or assigned to their command. Field grade CDRs of any unit authorized a CDR in the rank of _____________:

LTC or higher

Combatants can be further subdivided into two categories:__

Lawful combatants Unlawful combatants

AR 600-8-10 covers what?

Leaves and Passes

Coalition Operations:

MN operations conducted with units from two or more coalition members.

Spectrum Manager -

Manages unit spectrum resources.

AR 600-8-22 covers what?

Military Awards

The Basic Principles of LOAC are:

Military Necessity Humanity Distinction Proportionality Honor:

Offensive Cyberspace Operations (OCO) are ______

Missions intended to project power in and through cyberspace outside DOD networks to achieve positions of relative advantage through cyberspace exploitation and cyberspace attack actions in support of commanders' objectives.

Defensive Cyberspace Operations (DCO) are _______

Missions to preserve the ability to utilize blue cyberspace capabilities and protect data, networks, cyberspace-enabled devices, and other designated systems by defeating on-going or imminent malicious cyberspace activity.

Trusted Army professionals Moral Motivation of Aspiration

Natural moral reason - Golden Rule Army Values Soldier's and Army Civilian Corps creeds Justice in War (Jus in Bello)

Trusted Army professionals Legal Motivation of Compliance

Oaths of Service Standards of conduct Directives and policies The Soldier's Rules Rules of engagement

Principles of Joint Operations

Objective, offensive, mass, economy of force, maneuver, unity of command, security, surprise, simplicity, +restraint, perseverance, legitimacy +

Cyberspace operations consist of three functions:

Offensive cyberspace operations (OCO), Defensive cyberspace operations (DCO) Department of Defense information network (DODIN) operations.

Assessment_____

is the determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating a condition, or achieving an objective (JP 3-0).

Electromagnetic spectrum_______

is the range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation from zero to infinity. It is divided into 26 alphabetically designated bands.

The purpose of LEGITIMACY

is to develop and maintain the will necessary to attain the national strategic end state.

LOAC

it is the controlling body of law and provides the legal standards that apply to the conduct of hostilities and the protection of war victims.

Military Necessity

justifies the use of all measures needed to defeat the enemy as quickly and efficiently as possible that are not prohibited by the law of war

How Knowledge Management works?

knowledge management creates, organizes, applies, and transfers knowledge and information between authorized people

JP 3-84

legal support(law of war)

defense through the armed forces of the United States is constitutionally shared by civilian officials in both the_____________________________________

legislative and executive branches of the Federal Government.

CEMA ___________ cyberspace and the EMS in support of maneuver operations. It also contributes to an effective Mission Command system when it is integrated and synchronized for key effects (outside DODIN) and activities (inside DODIN).

leverages

Regular Army and U.S. Army Reserve (AGR) only. Consideration by a local promotion board is ____________ for all Soldiers upon initially reaching primary zone eligibility.

mandatory

integrative category_____

means that integrative negotiations are not necessarily zero sum. Conflict is not seen as inevitable; there is the possibility for mutually beneficial, "value creating" cooperation between the parties. Negotiators see the other side as potential partners in the problem solving process

In a society that tends to be _________, the approach to time is linear, sequential & involves focusing on one thing at a time.

monochronic

the US (a society which tends to be more __________ than _________) time is often seen as a commodity that can be spent or saved. This perspective is manifest in clichés such as "time is money," "stop wasting time," "time waits for no one," etc. Punctuality is seen as a positive value, & is a necessary component for society to function efficiently

monochronic polychronic

Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM)

moves materials and people around the world. It is the single manager for defense transportation.

Any Soldier not otherwise recommended for promotion recommended list integration

must be formally counseled on why he or she was not recommended. Soldiers will be in the primary zone for a one year period of time.

the key condition for effective American civil-military relations is

mutual respect and trust.

Many times we see ______in our laws. Unlike values & beliefs, we can see behaviors & norms - they are observable manifestations of our values & beliefs.

norms

Each society has cultural considerations that form ___________typically followed by all members. As values & beliefs vary across cultures, so do these rules of interaction

norms of interaction

The Department of State has responsibility for the protection

of all U.S. government (USG) personnel and their dependents, other than those personnel under the command of a U.S. area military commander

The U.S. Space Force (USSF) is a new branch of the Armed Forces was established_______

on December 20, 2019 with enactment of the Fiscal Year 2020

in situations of uncertainty, where the rules do not provide clear, courses of action, Army professionals base their decisions and actions _____________________In this way, Army professionals live by and uphold the moral foundation of the Army ethic, sustaining trust within the profession and with the American people.

on the moral principles of the Army ethic.

Collectivism in a collectivist society is ____

one's identity in large part a function of one's membership & role in a group. Such groups may include the family, clan, or tribe, a particular ethnic or religious group, or a number of other settings where group well-being outweighs the individual's.

G/S3 - Has _______

overall responsibility for integration and synchronization of all lethal and non-lethal effects supporting operations.

Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM)

plans, coordinates, integrates, synchronizes, and conducts activities to defend DoD information networks, conduct full spectrum military cyberspace operations, ensure US/Allied freedom of action in cyberspace, and deny cyberspace freedom of action to adversaries.

Each service has specific functions related to its_________.

primary role

The functional commands

provide capabilities to the other combatant commanders

Special Operations Command (USSOCOM)

provides combat-ready SOF to other combatant commands and, if directed by the President and/or Secretary of Defense, exercises command of selected SO missions. USSOCOM is unique among the combatant commands in that it performs certain Service like functions.

U.S. Army Reserve (TPUs, ARE, and/or multi-component) only. Consideration by a board requires a ______________. Recommendation can occur at any point while the Soldier is in the primary zone

recommendation from the unit commander

Context Sensitivity

relates to a culture's communication style & information gathering mode. The terms "high context" & "low context" (popularized by American anthropologist Edward Hall) are used to describe broad-brush communication differences between societies

Core States ___

represent more than half of the roughly 200 countries in the world today. These basically have democratic political institutions, (to varying degrees), broadly free-market economies, & share common values & interests.

If the agreement does not fall between both parties' _________, then the likelihood of entering into the agreement is low & negotiations may cease as one party elects to execute its best alternative to a negotiated agreement

reservation points

The U.S. State Department - DoS is

responsible for planning and implementing foreign policy. Under the US Constitution, the President has the authority to make treaties, to receive foreign emissaries, to appoint diplomatic and consular

Most cultures incorporate a number of varying _______within their interactions, including gender, age, kinship, & economic status. It is important to note that meanings & expectations for each of these common _____vary greatly by culture.

roles roles

The Army ethic is the basis of the Army's __________ of trusted Army professionals.

shared professional identity

Ethical Reasoning perspectives

One perspective comes from a view that desirable virtues such as courage, justice, and benevolence define ethical outcomes. Second perspective comes from a set of agreed-upon values or rules, such as the Army Values or Constitutional rights. Third perspective bases the consequences of the decision on whatever produces the greatest good for the greatest number as most favorable.

Department of Defense Information Network Operations (DODIN Operations) are ______

Operations to design, build, configure, secure, operate, maintain, and sustain Department of Defense networks to create and preserve information assurance on the Department of Defense information networks.

Chargeable Leave examples

Ordinary leave, PCS, Terminal

Critical to the definition of Zone of Possible Agreement, it is understanding that any _______between two parties' bargaining ranges defines their ZOPA. *If there is no __________, there is no ZOPA, so there is no reason to continue negotiations

Overlap overlap

Limitations of Space Capabilities

Physics Terrestrial Environment Solar Environment Enemy Actions

___________ refers to the performance of a small-scale preliminary test to evaluate and validate the feasibility, time, cost, and effects of a designed knowledge management solution. Its tests are performed before full-scale implementation and are often an incremental test of a modification to an existing process and/or procedure.

Piloting

__________ orientations to time involve simultaneous occurrences of many things & the involvement of many people. Time tends not to be seen as an object that may be manipulated as in monochronic cultures, & people are not at the mercy of a strict schedule

Polychronic

Nongovernmental Organization (NGO) -

Private, self-governing, not-for-profit organization dedicated to alleviating suffering and/or promoting education, health care, economic development.

Waivers for TIS and TIG:

Promotion to PV2 may be waived at 4 months TIS. Promotions to PFC may be waived at 6 months TIS and 2 months TIG. Promotions to SPC may be waived at 18 months TIS and 3 months TIG.

___________ knowledge management assessment identifies all people, process, and tools and places them in their context for entire organization. It is ideally suited for establishing or standing up a new organization

A deliberate

Electromagnetic Protect (EP) is _______

A division of electromagnetic warfare involving actions taken to protect personnel, facilities, and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy use of the electromagnetic spectrum that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability advantage that degrades and defeats the enemy throughout the depth of the enemy's organization.

Articles of the Code of Conduct

1) I am an American, fighting in the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense. 2) I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist. 3) If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and aid others to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy. 4) If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give no information or take part in any actions which might be harmful to my comrades. If I am senior, I will take command. If not, I will obey the lawful orders of those appointed over me, and will back them up in every way. 5) When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am required to give name, rank, service number, and date of birth. I will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability. I will make no oral or written statements disloyal to my country and its allies or harmful to their cause. 6) I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles which made my country free. I will trust in my God and in the United States of America.

The Leader engagements (LE) cycle includes these steps:_

1) Identify Key Leader (KL) or Entity: 2) Intelligence Preparation of the Environment: Confirm or deny the KL's capability ("Am I engaging the appropriate person?") 3) Identify desired effects: Identify positions & interests (what you want & why you want it) 4) Prepare: Discuss desired effects/common terms with relevant personnel 5) Implement/Execute It's all about mutual respect and Follow meeting etiquette 6) Debrief/Report: Conduct debrief & after-action review (AAR) 7) Re-engage: Reengagement or ongoing relationship usually equals success

There are three keys to determining a valid BATNA:

1) It must be an option you can execute unilaterally 2) it must be a real option (something you have the time, resources, & will to execute) 3) it must be perceived as credible by your negotiating counterpart.

The main purposes of LOAC are

1) Protecting combatants, noncombatants, and civilians from unnecessary suffering. 2) Providing certain fundamental protections for persons who fall into the hands of the enemy, particularly prisoners of war, military wounded and sick, and civilians. 3) Facilitating the restoration of peace. 4) Assisting the commander in ensuring the disciplined, ethical, and effective use of military force. 5) Preserving the professionalism and humanity of combatants. 6) Preventing the degeneration of warfare into savagery or brutality.

Essential components of IBN are:

1) Separate the people from the problem 2) Focus on the interests not the position 3) Determine BATNA 4) Brainstorm for Mutual Gains 5) Use Objective Criteria to measure fairness or 6) reasonableness of the agreement

The key factors in an integrated command are:

1. A designated single commander. 2. A staff composed of representatives from all member nations. 3. Subordinate commands and staffs integrated into the lowest echelon necessary to accomplish the mission.

The key factors in a LN structure are:

1. Easy to organize due to less integration. 2. Smaller Headquarters staff required.

The key factors in a Parallel structure are:

1. Greater staff effectiveness within each nation's militaries. 2. Ability to sustain the force easier because each nation is separate and maintains own separate support structure.

Behaviors in Interaction

1. Verbal. When communicating through verbal mediums the expression "lost in translation" is important to remember. 2. Non-Verbal include: dress, posture, gestures, facial expressions, touch & eye contact 3. Communication Styles.

What are the four components of KM

1. people, 2. processes, 3. tools—including information technology 4. organizational culture.

Upon completion of BCT or the BCT portion of one station unit training, CDRs may promote up to __________of each company's assigned training-base Soldiers from PV1 to PV2 and PV2 to PFC without regard to the TIS and TIG requirements.

10 percent

A deliberate knowledge management assessment takes______

10-14 Months

The selection list will expire effective the 1st day of the_________ from the date it is published. A Soldier, who is not otherwise selected for promotion pin-on because they were not fully qualified for by-name selection by the expiration date of the list, will be administratively removed and must re-compete for selection by the next scheduled board (provided otherwise eligible).

25th month

Soldiers incur a ____________ service obligation upon promotion to SFC, MSG, and SGM.

3-year (36-month)

The Marines are fully self sufficient with both ground and air forces supported by maneuver support and sustainment forces for _______

30 days

The DOD goal for initiating and processing VALOR award recommendations is within ___________of the act justifying award.

45 days

Recommendations requiring action by HRC or higher authority should arrive no later than _________ prior to the desired presentation date.

60 days

Soldier & leader engagement provides a venue for:

: 1) building relationships, 2) solving conflicts, 3) conveying information, 4) calming fears, & 5) refuting rumors, lies, or incorrect information

Operational Environment (OE)

A Composite of the Conditions, Circumstances, and Influences that affect the Employment of Capabilities and Bear on the decisions of the Commander. In short, the operational environment consists of all the conditions, circumstances, & influences that affect military operations

____________ will be used to initiate, process, and approve award recommendations of all U.S. Army individual decorations, to include valor and heroism decorations.

A DA Form 638

Multinational operations:

A collective term to describe military actions conducted by forces of two or more nations, usually undertaken within the structure of a coalition or alliance. (DOD Dictionary. Source: JP 3-16