Study for Final
A visionary of the Oglala Sioux who, in his dictated autobiography, claims that there is no strong distinction between the human and animal worlds but rather a sense of kinship.
Black Elk
Zen traces itself back to a legendary founder named
Bodhidharma.
The absolute or divine reality is known as
Brahman
A totem is a long-stemmed sacred pipe used primarily by many native peoples of North America; it is smoked as a token of peace.
False
Adi Granth means "Holy Death"; death by self-starvation, valued in Jainism as a noble end of a long life of virtue and detachment.
False
After a religious revolt, Spain reestablished control over the Pueblo peoples in 1680.
False
Ahimsa is a poem by Guru Nanak that begins the Adi Granth; the poem is recited daily by pious Sikhs.
False
Diaspora means "Teaching," "instruction"; the first five books of the Hebrew Scriptures; also the additional instructions of God, believed by many to have been transmitted orally from Moses through a succession of teachers and rabbis.
False
Hirja means "submission"; the Muslim religion and the community of believers who have submitted themselves to Allah.
False
Hogon is the traditional Dogon religion.
False
Imam means "cube"; the square shrine at the center of the great mosque of Mecca.
False
Kabah is a devotional remembrance of Allah through the recitation of his ninety-nine names and other devotional practices.
False
Kapu is the traditional Hawaiian observance of the four-month winter period.
False
Kupuna is a foretelling of the future or a discovery of the unknown by magical means.
False
Libation is a strong social prohibition.
False
Mosque means "path"; the whole body of Islamic law, which guides a Muslim's life.
False
Punjab, in Jainism, means ritual in honor of tirthankara.
False
Sura means "successor"; a religious and political leader.
False
The Inuit is a native tradition in New Zealand.
False
The Maori is the so-called Eskimo culture of Canada.
False
True or False: Theodicy refers to not asserting or denying the existence of any deity; unconcerned with the supernatural.
False
True or False: Animism means belief in one God.
False
True or False: Sigmund Freud is the American psychologist who viewed religion as a positive way of fulfilling needs and praised its positive influence on the lives of individuals.
False
True or False: William James is the founder of psychoanalysis who theorized that belief in a God or gods arose from an adult's projection of powerful and long-lasting experiences with his or her parents.
False
Woven rugs with geometric patterns are a distinctive part of Navaho healing rituals.
False
The authoritative pre-Confucian books are the
Five Classics.
Confucius's ideal society would live according to the ideals of the
Five Relationships.
The essential collection of sacred books of Buddhism is called
Tripitaka (Tipitaka).
A mosque is a Muslim place of worship.
True
A totem is an animal (or image of animals) that is considered to be related by blood to a family or a clan and is its guardian or symbol.
True
Bar mitzvah means "Son of the commandment"; the coming-of-age ceremony that marks the time when a young man is considered a legal adult within the Jewish community.
True
The founder of Tenrikyo was
Nakayama Miki.
The founder of Sikhism was
Nanak.
Tenrikyo, which grew out of Shinto, has its headquarters near
Nara.
The name given to Islamic mysticism is
Sufism
The day of Rejoicing in the Torah comes at the end of what festival?
Sukkot
Buddhism developed into several branches. The branch that spread into Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia is
Theravada.
In 1054, what happened between the Eastern (Greek-speaking) Church and the Western (Latin-speaking) Church?
They split apart.
The three categories of the Hebrew Bible are
Torah, Prophets, and Writings.
Black Elk was a visionary of the Oglala Sioux who, in his dictated autobiography, claims that there is no strong distinction between the human and animal worlds but rather a sense of kinship.
True
Holistic means organic, integrated; indicating a complete system, greater than the sum of its parts; in religious studies, refers to a culture whose various elements may all have religious meaning.
True
Jihad means "struggle"; the ideal of spreading Islamic belief and practice.
True
Kapu is the Hawaiian term meaning "taboo" or "forbidden."
True
Libation is the act of pouring a liquid as an offering to a god.
True
Pueblo peoples consider kachinas to be spirits of animals, people, plants or other beings that can act as guardian spirits.
True
Qiblah refers to the direction toward Mecca; the direction toward which Muslims pray.
True
Seder means "Order"; a special ritual meal at Passover, recalling the Hebrews' exodus from Egypt.
True
Shiite refers to a minority branch of Islam that holds Muhammad's genuine successors descended from his son-in-law, Ali.
True
Sufism refers to a group of devotional movements in Islam.
True
The Adi Granth is the "original collection"; the primary scripture of the Sikhs.
True
The Ainu is a Caucasoid group in northern Japan, especially Hokkaido, known for its animistic beliefs that spirits or spiritual powers are causative in natural events.
True
The Western Wall is the foundation stones of the western wall of the last temple of Jerusalem, today a place of prayer.
True
True or False: Emile Durkheim was the French sociologist who argued that religious behavior is relative to the society in which it is found, and that a society will often use a religion to reinforce its own values.
True
True or False: James Frazer is the Scottish anthropologist and author of "The Golden Bough" who saw the origins of religion in early attempts by human beings to influence nature and who identified religion as an intermediate stage between magic and science.
True
True or False: Pantheism means belief that everything in the universe is divine.
True
True or False: Polytheism means belief in many gods.
True
True or False: Rudolf Otto is the German theologian who argued in "The Idea of the Holy" that religions emerge when people experience that aspect of reality which is essentially mysterious.
True
True or False: The analytical approach that carefully investigates individual elements in cultural phenomena, rejecting the quest for universal structures that might under gird language or religion is called "post-structuralism."
True
True or False: "Atheism" means the position that holds that there is no God or gods.
True
Yoruba is a native or oral tradition in Africa.
True
Nanak's name for God was
True Name.
Jesus said that all important religious laws could be summed up in the
Two Great Commandments.
Elements of Buddhism, as interpreted in Japanese woodblock prints, influenced which artist?
Vincent Van Gogh
Krishna is considered an incarnation of
Vishnu
The Sunni reform movement that began in Saudi Arabia is
Wahhabi
A sacramental orientation in religion is characterized by
a belief that certain rituals and ceremonies help one achieve salvation.
In Tibetan Buddhism, a vajra is frequently used together with
a bell
A key practice of Nicheren Buddhism is
a chant to the Lotus Sutra.
Vinaya refers to
a collection of rules for monks and nuns.
The Nihongi is
a collection of stories of the gods and early history.
Part of the accommodation between Shinto and Buddhism included
a division of focus with Buddhism associated with philosophy, death and afterlife while Shinto was called on for agriculture and fertility.
An important practice in Shingon Buddhism is
a fire ritual with historic links to the Vedic fire ceremony.
State Shinto refers to
a former system of national shrines.
Izanami and Izanagi created Japan when they stirred the ocean with
a jeweled spear.
The Talmud is
a long work of commentary based on biblical principles.
In Jesus' day, a Samaritan was
a member of a despised outsider group.
At the Kabah, what object is venerated?
a meteorite
Zionism is
a movement that urges Jews to live in Israel.
Concerning the origins of Daoism, scholars today point to
a multiplicity of possible sources that coalesced into a movement.
An element contributing to the rise of Hindu fundamentalism is
a perceived danger coming from Christians, Muslims, and Sikhs.
Lent is
a period of preparation for Easter.
The ideal of benevolence or "humanheartedness" in Chinese is a written character made up of which pictographs?
a person and the number two
Malcolm X was inspired to see the racial inclusiveness of Islam through the influence of
a pilgrimage he made to Mecca.
The Khalsa was created to be
a protective social organization.
A koan is
a question.
A sangat is
a religious group.
Vimalakirti was
a rich but compassionate and wise layman.
The Native American vision quest is an example of
a rite of passage.
A place where one can sometimes escape punishment is
a sanctuary.
In religious studies, the word myth means
a story that is psychologically meaningful and may be either historically true or not.
Confucius worked almost all his life as
a teacher.
The minaret is
a tower used to call Muslims to prayer.
During the pilgrimage, men must wear the robe of Abraham, which is
a two-piece robe of white cloth.
The Upanishads are
about 100 written works that discuss the nature of spiritual reality.
The ideal of causing no harm to anything that can suffer is
ahimsa
Jainism places great emphasis on
ahimsa.
Observant Muslims do not allow
alcohol
Jain monks differ from Buddhist monks in
allowing nakedness.
Applying the notion of yin and yang, we could say that Daoism shows a special love for
allowing things to develop naturally.
Transcendentalism is the name for
an American movement in literature that was influenced by Hinduism.
Regarding his social class, the Buddha was
an aristocrat.
The Sadducees were
an aristocratic, priestly party centered in Jerusalem.
"Canaan" refers to
an early name for the region of Israel.
A letter to an early Christian community is called
an epistle.
Guru Granth is
an honorary title for the sacred book of Sikhism
Facts lending support to the Aryan Invasion Theory include
ancient Sanskrit's relation to Greek and Latin.
Among the numerous kami are the powers of nature; spirits associated with particular places in nature such as trees, waterfalls, and mountains; the ancestors; and
animal spirits.
A worldview common among indigenous religions that sees all elements of nature as being filled with spirit or spirits.
animism
The view that the end of the world is near is called
apocalypticism
That area of investigation that looks for and interprets religious evidence in ancient sites, buildings, and objects is
archeology.
The ideal of the Theravada branch is the
arhat (arahat).
Omoto is a new religion that emphasizes the value of
art.
The Jewish New Year occurs at what time of year?
autumn
Literally, the word religion means
connect again.
"Covenant" means
contract
What animal is treated with special devotion and care by Hindus?
cow
In Hinduism, the dead body is disposed of by
cremation
Tirthankara is the Jain name that is translated
crossing-maker.
Anthropology typically studies religions as
cultural creations with multiple aspects.
Sacred time is
cyclical, returning to its origins for renewal.
The analytical approach that studies written texts of religion and even non-written material as reflections of the cultural values and assumptions that produced them is
literary theory.
Literally, philosophy in Greek means
love of wisdom
Buddhism focuses especially on
maintaining inner peace.
Indigenous religions
make little distinction between a god and an ancestor.
Islam and Judaism are similar in that they both
make use of circumcision.
Tibetan Buddhism
makes great use of ritual.
A universal religious symbol that is circular, or that blends a circle and a square, is called a
mandala.
Om is a well-known example of a
mantra
An essential practice in Zen is
manual labor
Key events in the life cycle are
marked with special rituals.
A guru is a
religious teacher.
Confucius hoped to
restore the social harmony of the past.
A special New Year's ritual in Shinto is
rice pounding.
The major Christian rituals, such as baptism and the Lord's Supper, are often called
sacraments.
Taboos that have been broken are often mended through
sacrifices
After his wife died, Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu)
sang.
The name for the Buddhist community of monks and nuns is
sangha.
Enlightened awareness in Zen is called
satori.
In their view of human nature, the Confucianists
see human beings as needing their characters shaped by education.
A mystical orientation in religion is characterized by
seeking union with something greater than oneself.
The Japanese people
seem to be a blend of several peoples.
The emperor of Japan came to be considered a father figure for the whole country. This
seems to show the influence of Confucianism.
Hylozoism, the metaphysical philosophy of Jainism,
sees life in everything, even what is inanimate.
A human being who contacts and attempts to manipulate the power of spirits for the tribe or group.
shaman
Tibetan Buddhism includes elements of
shamanism
A mantra is a
short chant.
The Hebrew Bible sees history as
signs of divine activity.
The type of beauty that Zen particularly values emphasizes is
simplicity.
The name of the Digambara branch literally means
sky-clothed.
The major problem with a reliance on hadiths is that
some hadiths do not agree with each other.
What item worn by the Sikh Khalsa represents alertness and readiness to fight?
special underwear.
Female imagery in religions may be seen in
spirals and eggs.
The Passover occurs at what time of year?
spring
What item worn by the Sikh Khalsa symbolizes strength?
steel bracelet.
The analytical approach to language, religions, and mythology that searches for universal underlying frameworks is
structuralism.
Literally, "theology" means
study of the divine.
Literally, psychology mean
study of the soul.
Islam literally means
submission
Literally, the word "Muslim" means a person who
submits
The Buddha was particularly troubled by the problem of
suffering and death.
Kamikaze is a term used for referring to
suicide pilots.
The Jewish Sabbath is kept from
sunset Friday to sunset Saturday.
The general name for that category of books that is said to give the words of the Buddha is
sutra
Tendai Buddhism is known for
systematizing varied Buddhist teachings into a progressive hierarchy.
A strong social prohibition.
taboo
Regarding the ability of human beings to find the truth, Jainism
teaches that truth is relative to each person's viewpoint.
"Divination" refers to
telling the future.
Navaho sand paintings are
temporary creations in a ritual.
Pantheism is the belief
that all reality is divine.
The Three Purities consist of
the Dao, the god who transmits Daoist insight, and Laozi.
The Gospel of John shows many similarities with
the Dead Sea Scrolls.
he basic outlook on life, formulated by Buddhism, is contained in
the Four Noble Truths
The destruction of the Second Temple changed the nature of the Hebrew religion in that afterward
the Jewish religion began to focus on the written word.
The central sacrament (ritual act) of the Roman Catholic Church is called
the Mass
Christianity first spread in
the Mediterranean region
Sephardic Jews have lived primarily in
the Mediterranean region.
The religion of Sikhism first developed in
the Punjab region of India and Pakistan.
Daoism developed a pantheon of hundreds of deities, the most important being
the Three Purities.
A bias against the study of indigenous religions up until the twentieth century was
the assumption that they are not complex.
The Buddha opposed
the caste system.
Archeological discoveries showing Harappa civilization was not destroyed by outsiders led to
the development of the Aryan Migration Theory.
The Torah is
the first five books of the Bible (Pentateuch)
The primary focus of Shinto worship is directed toward
the gods of nature.
Sigmund Freud, when analyzing the origin of religion, emphasized
the human need for psychological security.
Tirthankara means "crossing maker"; in Jainism, one of the twenty-four ideal human beings of the past, Mahavira being the most recent.
true
It is possible that the creation myth that tells of numerous kami
unites the beliefs of several clans or tribes.
Traditionalists sometimes interpret the command not to work on the Sabbath as including no
use of the telephone.
Shinto and Confucianism particularly had what feature in common?
veneration of ancestors
The word Vedas is related to the English word
vision
A sannyasin is a
wandering holy man.
Muhammad and his followers escaped from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina). This event
was the turning point, after which Muhammad gained success.
The most important image to be found in the Daodejing, the image that best expresses its ideals, is
water
Literally, Daodejing means
way-power-classic
The city of India considered most sacred by the Hindus is
Benares (Varanasi).
"Orthodoxy" literally means
"right belief."
Literally, "synoptic" means
"together see."
The person whose Rule for Monks helped organize and spread Western monasticism was
Benedict
The Yijing (Yi Jing, I Ching)
is a book, valued by Confucius, that is used for divination.
Kosher means "ritually correct"; said particularly about food consumption and food preparation.
true
Passover is a joyful spring festival that recalls the Hebrews' exodus from Egypt and freedom from oppression.
true
The Adi Granth is the "original collection"; the primary scripture of the Sikhs.
true
Concerning words, Zen stresses that words are
not adequate.
The person who provided rules for how Eastern Christian monks should live was
Basil
The year Popay (Popé), a Pueblo native religious leader, led a revolt against religious oppression.
1680
China has had how many female rulers (emperors)?
1
How many Sikh gurus were there before the human line of gurus ended?
10
The Qing (Ching) dynasty, the last imperial dynasty, collapsed in China in
1911
When was the Bhagavad Gita written?
200 b.c.e.-200 c.e.
How many parts is the Adi Granth divided into?
3
Jain monasticism has split into how many branches?
4
The Daodejing is written in approximately how many Chinese characters?
5,000
Confucius lived during what years?
551-479 b.c.e.
The beginning of the Muslim calendar is the Western year
622 c.e.
Adam is said to have lived to be how old?
930
According to Sikh teaching, the primary guru is A.become one with God. B.have one's spirit overcome physicality. C.practice nonviolence.
?
Judaism traces itself back to what legendary patriarch who is written about in the book of Genesis?
Abraham
Muslims trace themselves back ultimately to what great patriarch?
Abraham
The history of the early Christian Church is found in what biblical book?
Acts
A Caucasoid group in northern Japan, especially Hokkaido, known for its animistic beliefs that spirits or spiritual powers are causative in natural events.
Ainu
It has been a traditional teaching that the imperial family is descended from what kami?
Amaterasu
The sun goddess of Shinto is
Amaterasu.
The Buddha of the Western Paradise is
Amitabha.
The center of the Sikh religion is at
Amritsar.
The term a.d. means
Anno Domini (in the year of the Lord).
The primary language that Jesus spoke was
Aramaic
The prince who is counseled by Krishna in the Bhagavad Gita is
Arjuna.
The Indian ruler who spread Buddhist teaching widely was
Ashoka
One name of an early female deity was
Astarte
The Christian bishop of North Africa who wrote his Confessions and influenced much later Christianity was
Augustine
The Southern Kingdom was destroyed in 586 b.c.e. by
Babylonia.
When the Jewish boy turns thirteen, he is considered an adult in the religious community. This ceremony takes its name from his new status.
Bar Mitzvah
The dramatic style of church architecture that Catholics frequently used in order to oppose the Protestant Reformation is called
Baroque
The branch of Protestantism that especially has stressed the religious value of work and discipline is
Calvinism
What psychologist saw religion as a way for people to find their fulfillment as unique individuals, a process he called "individuation"?
Carl Jung
The disciple of Freud who ultimately rebelled against him was
Carl Jung.
The basis for the Japanese writing system came from
China
The country that before modern times had the most influence on Japan was
China.
In 313 the emperor Constantine published an Edict of Toleration, which allowed
Christians to worship publicly
Mencius (Mengzi, Meng Tzu) was a
Confucian with a positive view of human nature.
During the Han dynasty (206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.),
Confucianism became the official philosophy of China, guiding its state policy.
The bishop who is the most important bishop in the Eastern Orthodox Church is the patriarch of
Constantinople
"Black Heads" is the name for
Daoist priests.
The Sunni reform movement that began in India and became popular in Pakistan is called
Deobandi
The French thinker who sought to go behind and beyond ordinary interpretations, to in essence "deconstruct" texts and other phenomena in search of fresh ways of seeing was
Derrida.
The name given by the Koyukon people of the Arctic to the holy ancient past in which the gods lived and worked.
Distant time
The religious order that has especially focused on teaching and scholarship is
Dominicans
The sociologist who emphasized that individual religions arise from and express the values of their societies was
Durkheim
The early anthropologist who saw religion as rooted in a belief in spirits and worship of them was
E. B. Tylor.
The branch of Christianity that is significant in Russia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Romania is called
Eastern Orthodox.
Omoto, in order to encourage international understanding, gives a special place to the study and use of
Esperanto.
The anthropologist who lived in the Sudan among the Nuer and Azande peoples was
Evans-Pritchard.
The French thinker who explored types of power in social and religious institutions and systems of thought that oppressed minority and other marginalized groups was
Foucault.
Jainism was a strong influence on
Gandhi.
The elephant-headed god who is a symbol of abundance is
Ganesha
The biblical book that describes the origins of the human race is
Genesis
The Yiddish language, though written in Hebrew characters, is a type of
German
The Jewish view of God is best expressed as
God makes moral demands.
According to Sikh teaching, the primary guru is
God.
On what feast are Jewish children given presents for eight days?
Hanukkah
What god—ordinarily shown with the face of a monkey—helped return Sita after her abduction to Sri Lanka?
Hanuman
A major city of the pre-Vedic culture of the Indus River Valley was
Harappa
A hierarchical, hereditary form of Daoism is called
Heavenly Master Daoism.
Which of these books is found in the New Testament?
Hebrews
The founder of the Church of England was
Henry VIII.
The medieval nun who wrote mystical songs was
Hildegard of Bingen
The Shinto deity of rice and good harvest is
Inari
Buddhism came to Tibet from
India
Buddhism began in
India.
The Vedic god of storm and war was
Indra
The river that lies northwest of India is
Indus
The so-called Eskimo culture of Canada.
Inuit
The countries that have a Shiite majority are
Iran and Iraq.
The Shinto shrine that is dedicated to Amaterasu and is the shrine of the imperial family is located at
Ise
The primeval female kami who was burned by the fire god is
Izanami.
The Scottish anthropologist who was the author of the multivolume study of mythology called The Golden Bough was
James Frazer
In China, the various Mahayana sects tended to blend. But they have remained separate in
Japan.
At first, before they were instructed to face Mecca for prayer, followers of Muhammad faced toward what city for prayer?
Jerusalem
The early Christian group that was primarily Jewish in background had its headquarters in
Jerusalem
"I am the Light of the world" is a statement found in what non-Synoptic Gospel?
John
Confucianism was criticized by Chinese who had studied in the West and were influenced by the teachings of
John Dewey and Bertrand Russell.
The Scottish church leader who studied with John Calvin in Geneva was
John Knox.
The Hebrew ancestor who, according to the Bible, first settled in Egypt was
Joseph
Christianity grew out of
Judaism
The Turkish leader who ended the caliphate was
Kemal Ataturk
Confucianism remains a strong value system in
Korea
What deity is often shown with dark blue skin?
Krishna
The Japanese monk who studied in China and established Shingon Buddhism in Japan was
Kukai (Kobo Daishi).
The language of Sephardic Jews has been
Ladino
The goddess of good luck is
Lakshmi
The French thinker who recognized extraordinary structural similarities in stories told by tribal peoples of the Americas was
Levi-Strauss.
Which book is part of the Torah or Pentateuch?
Leviticus
Many fine portraits of women are found in what Gospel, that emphasizes compassion and also contains the story of the Good Samaritan?
Luke
The book of Acts is really the second part of which Gospel?
Luke
What is the oldest branch of the Protestant Reformation? Lutheranism
Lutheranism
The Bhagavad Gita is part of a long Indian epic poem called
Mahabharata
Literally "eye-movement," the traditional Hawaiian observance of the four-month winter period, which refers to the appearance and movement of stars.
Makahiki
An indigenous tradition in New Zealand.
Maori
The oldest of the Gospels is generally thought to be
Mark
The Protestant Reformation was started by
Martin Luther.
The Gospel that is oriented toward a Jewish audience and that portrays Jesus as the "new Moses" is
Matthew
Muhammad was born and raised in
Mecca
A major Shinto shrine in Tokyo is named after what emperor?
Meiji
The statue of the Pietà in St. Peter's Basilica is by
Michelangelo
The Gothic cathedrals were built primarily during the
Middle Ages.
The modern Indian who used nonviolent means to help lead India to independence in 1947 was
Mohandas Gandhi.
Biblical Judaism describes Judaism before the destruction of the Second Temple (70 C.E.).
true
Hinduism is the majority religion of
Nepal
Traditional Dogon religion.
Omolobulo
The Church of World Messianity (Sekaikyu Seikyo) is an offshoot o
Omoto
Which division of modern Judaism stresses strict beliefs and careful keeping of dietary laws?
Orthodox
Jesus died at the time of what religious festival?
Passover
Which Jewish festival recalls the event related in the Book of Exodus about liberation of the Hebrews from oppression in Egypt?
Passover (Pesach)
A major French artist created a large painting with the title of Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? The artist's name was
Paul Gauguin
In Hawaii, the goddess of fire, whose place of veneration is the volcano.
Pele
Another name for the Torah is
Pentateuch
Gothic architecture, although it arose in France, may be traced back to
Persia
Contemporary Judaism has split into four parts. The most liberal is called
Reconstructionist Judaism.
Khalsa is the community of initiated Sikhs.
true
The "Sutras on the Perfection of Wisdom" have what Sanskrit name?
Prajnaparamita
The prophetic orientation in religion is particularly strong in
Protestant Christianity.
The biblical book of song lyrics sung in worship at the Second Temple in Jerusalem is
Psalms
The school of Chinese and Japanese Buddhism, which sees the Buddha as a divine savior, whose name the believer must constantly repeat with devotion, is
Pure Land.
The sacred book of Islam, which gives the sermons of Muhammad, is called
Qur'an (Koran).
The Islamic month of fasting is called
Ramadan
The first two kings of the Israelite Kingdom were
Saul and David.
The oldest and most important of the Vedas is
Rig Veda.
In Jesus' time, what power controlled Israel?
Rome
The German theologian who held that religions originate in human response to the mysterious side of reality was
Rudolf Otto
The worldview of Sikhism is similar to the Hindu philosophical school called
Sankhya.
The branch of Islam that is found primarily in Iran and Iraq is
Shiite
Besides Tibetan Buddhism, another form of Vajrayana Buddhism is
Shingon Buddhism.
This god is associated with destruction and rebirth.
Shiva
Jainism, as taught by Mahavira, emerged in India about the time of what other great teacher?
Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha
Some Sikhs want a
Sikh nation, separate from India.
Which religions accept the eating of animals?
Sikhism and Islam
The god Rama is frequently paired with
Sita
Which country had a large Muslim population for almost 800 years?
Spain
One of the greatest examples of Islamic architecture is located in India and is called the
Taj Mahal.
The Sunni reform movement that for a while took control of Afghanistan is called
Taliban
The American thinker who argued that religion brought a new vitality to people's lives was
William James.
The emperor renounced his title to divinity when
World War II ended.
The Jewish Day of Atonement, the most sacred day of the Jewish year, is
Yom Kippur.
A native tradition in Africa.
Yoruba
One religion that particularly values and makes use of silence is
Zen Buddhism
Which great scholar developed a complete philosophy of reality, now called Neo-Confucianism?
Zhu Xi (Chu Hsi)
The man who dreamed he was a butterfly was
Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu).
Perhaps the most important ritual of Christianity is a sign of entry into the church, or
baptism
Shinto and Buddhism
began to blend soon after the introduction of Buddhism.
Which of the following is NOT typical of Islam?
belief in a Trinity
The prophetic orientation in religion emphasizes
beliefs and moral codes.
Confucianism has been especially concerned about relationships
between human beings.
Literally, Mahayana means
big vehicle.
Nirvana seems to come from a word that means
blow out.
A person of great compassion, willing to be reborn constantly to help others, is called
bodhisattva.
The general Jewish attitude toward physical matter and bodily pleasure has generally been that
both matter and the body are innately good.
Daoism might have similarities with Hinduism because
both seem to cover a wide variety of beliefs and practices
Jainism seems to be most strongly concerned about
breaking the power of bondage to the physical world.
The ideal of the warrior, promoted by Shinto during World War II, is called
bushido.
The successor to Muhammad, for centuries a political as well as a religious figure, was called
caliph
The most significant Confucian art form has been
calligraphy.
A long-stemmed sacred pipe used primarily by many native peoples of North America; it is smoked as a token of peace.
calumet
Muhammad's job was
caravan driver.
Shinto puts great emphasis on
careful ritual.
A Hindu social class, sanctioned by religion, is called a
caste
Nanak, after leaving home to teach, wore
clothing that blended Muslim and Hindu styles.
The goddess Amaterasu was lured from a cave, where she was hiding, by
dancing nearby.
An image used by the Daodejing to express the difficulty of seeing in the Daoistic way is
darkness.
Among many reasons, religions exist to help people
deal with the certainty of death.
Daoists aim at enjoying a long life but also accept death because
death is a part of the natural order of things.
According to the Book of Exodus, what disaster was the last to strike the Egyptians?
death of firstborn male children
The Daodejing is known for its
deliberate obscurity.
Bhakti means
devotion to a god.
The religious practice of ordinary Hindus is primarily
devotion to deities.
The virtue of filial piety means
devotion to one's family.
Puja is
devotional ritual.
Jains believe that perfected souls
disappear from the world and live at the top of the universe
The social period in which Confucius lived was
disorderly.
A foretelling of the future or a discovery of the unknown by magical means.
divination
Jesus opposed divorce because
divorce left a woman unable to support herself
The Jain worldview holds that a Creator
does not exist.
The dissatisfaction and sorrow that life brings is called
dukkha
During the Meiji Restoration, Shinto became tied to growing nationalism through
emphasis on the divine origins of the emperor.
What is most important in Zen is
enlightened awareness.
The year 1 of the Muslim calendar dates from what event in the life of Muhammad?
escape from Mecca to Medina
The phrase "Five Pillars of Islam" refers to
essentials of Muslim belief and practice.
The Chan/Zen virtues are especially
intuition and naturalness.
One of the essential Buddhist teachings is
everything is changing.
A Digambara is a Sikh temple.
false
Adi Granth means "Holy Death"; death by self-starvation, valued in Jainism as a noble end of a long life of virtue and detachment.
false
Canaan is a joyous festival in early spring that recalls the Jews' being saved from destruction, as told in the book of Esther.
false
Japji means "Conqueror"; the Jain term for a perfected person who will not be reborn.
false
Puja means "disciple"; a follower of the Sikh religion.
false
The Talmud is the dispersion of Jews beyond Israel, particularly to Persia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean region.
false
The most fundamental relationship for Confucius seems to have been that between
father and son.
A common element often found in religions is
feelings of wonder.
The Buddha lived about this time.
fifth century b.c.e.
A characteristic symbolic object associated with Krishna, indicative of the attractive power of the divine, is a
flute
Krishna is often portrayed holding a
flute
Jains allow and even recommend
gentle suicide after a long life of virtue
Literally, "gospel" means
good news.
A Sikh temple is called a
gurdwara.
A memory of what Muhammad said or did is called
hadith
An important element of ritual at a Shinto shrine is
hand clapping.
Shinto
has helped the Japanese maintain a sense of their unique identity.
Yoga path of doing various stretching postures and balancing.
hatha
Christianity added its books to those of the Hebrew Bible; the distinctively Christian books are called
he New Testament.
Siddhartha Gautama is the name of
he person who became known as the Buddha.
The name Mahavira literally means
hero or great man.
Organic, integrated; indicating a complete system, greater than the sum of its parts; here, refers to a culture whose various elements may all have religious meaning.
holistic
Sallekhana means
holy death
To believe that nature is full of spirits implies that
human beings must treat all things with care.
Regarding traditional Jewish practices, Jesus seems to have thought that
human happiness was an important goal.
The islands of Japan, according to the creation story, are a sort of this-worldly heaven because
humans share the islands with divine beings who live there.
The term maya may be translated as
illusion
Muhammad had his first revelations
in a cave
Regarding the afterlife, Muslims believe
in heaven and hell.
Izanagi searched for Izanami
in the underworld.
Critics of the Aryan Invasion or Migration theory often maintain that these are
indications continued of western cultural imperialism.
A major goal of Buddhism is
inner peace
The Doctrine of the Mean
is a short book on moderation and harmony.
Constructed sacred space
is often in a symbolic shape such as a circle or square.
In Hawaiian culture, a specialist, such as priest, midwife, or navigator.
kahuna
The name for a god in Shinto is
kami
Hawaiian term meaning "taboo" or "forbidden."
kapu
The law of moral cause-and-effect is called the law of
karma
Yoga path striving to do all useful work unselfishly without a desire for reward.
karma
At the end of his life, Laozi (Lao Tzu) is said to have
left China riding on an ox.
To lessen suffering, the Buddha recommended
lessening desire.
The act of pouring a liquid as an offering to a god.
libation
Laozi (Lao Tzu) is said to have been a
librarian.
The name "Eve" means
life
Jainism sees reality as made up of
life (jiva) and nonlife (ajiva)
The conception of time that is found in religions that emphasize a creation and a cosmic purpose is usually
linear.
An important symbol of Shiva is the
lingam
Uncut hair by the Khalsa and the last name Singh represent the symbolic characteristics of what animal?
lion
A dietary law kept by traditionalist Jews is that what items may not be eaten at the same meal?
meat and dairy products
Raja yoga is the yoga of
meditation
Zen comes from a word that means
meditation
The Reform movement that began to spread in the nineteenth century attempted to
modernize Judaism.
The goal of ultimate liberation from egotism and from rebirth is called
moksha
The word that means "liberation" is
moksha
What movement, growing after 500 c.e. in Europe, helped spread Christianity widely throughout Europe?
monasticism
A story in the Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu) makes fun of the silliness of human beings. It compares them to
monkeys.
In China, Buddhism was sometimes criticized because
monks and nuns had no children.
Belief in one God is called
monotheism.
The Adi Granth is the
most important Sikh scripture.
Tradition holds that which relative of the Buddha died soon after the birth of the Buddha?
mother
The chanter who calls people to prayer is called
muezzin
Ramadan is the
name of the month in which Muhammad received revelation.
The unconditioned state of reality that is the highest goal of Buddhism is called
nirvana.
One of the requirements of the Khalsa was
no alcohol
The month-long fast that observant Muslims keep involves
no eating or drinking of anything during the daylight hours.
The notion of wu wei is
no unnecessary action.
The personal ideal or hero of Confucianism is the
noble person.
Like Buddhists, Jains value
nonattachement and nonharm.
The Shiite branch developed because
of a disagreement over the line of succession from Muhammad
Vedic worship was primarily
offerings to nature gods at fire altars.
The torii is
often used as a gateway to a sacred location.
The Bible says that God spoke to Moses
on Mount Sinai.
Wilhelm Schmidt, an Austrian philologist, argued that human beings originally believed in
one God.
In Hinduism, dharma refers to
one's social duty.
Islam particularly stresses
oneness of God
The name Adi Granth means
original collection.
The approach that especially makes use of reason to find answers to religious questions is
philosophy.
Belief in many gods is called
polytheism.
Jewish dietary laws forbid eating
pork.
The analytical approach that carefully investigates individual elements in cultural phenomena, rejecting the quest for universal structures that might under gird language or religion is
post-structuralism.
The Mencius
presents the teachings of a Confucian thinker.
A brahmin is a
priest
The turning point in Nanak's life was a
prophetic call near a river.
The moral conscience of the Hebrew people was the
prophets
The word masjid (mosque) literally means a place of
prostration
Most Jains practice the devotional activity called
puja
Among Shinto values and practices, which task is quite important?
purification
Shinto often makes use of
purification rituals.
The color that symbolizes sorrow for sin and repentance and is used during Lent is
purple
Yoga path focused on meditation
raja
Complex Confucian etiquette shows respect to others, makes social interactions predictable, and
reflects the social position of its participants.
Nanak, like the Hindus, believed in
reincarnation and karma.
In regard to Confucianism, the Communists after the Communist Revolution
rejected it as not being egalitarian.
Dao is the origin of
the rhythms of nature.
A common symbol signifying the center of the universe in many indigenous religions is
the sacred tree of life.
The Analects are
the sayings of Confucius.
The two dots of contrasting color inside the light and dark commas of the yin/yang symbol represent
the seed of its opposite.
The term medicine man refers to
the shaman.
The Jains consider Mahavira to be
the twenty-fourth "crossing-maker."
The term Shinto comes from two Chinese words that mean
the way of the gods.
In the story of their lives, Mahavira and the Buddha show similarities, such as
their both practicing extreme asceticism.
In the worldview of animism,
there are no clear boundaries between the natural and the supernatural.
In regard to the common belief in a permanent soul, the Buddha seems to have taught that
there is none.
Daoism likely established monasteries and temples
through the influence of Buddhism.
Part of the pilgrimage ritual involves
throwing stones at pillars
Animal (or image of animals) that is considered to be related by blood to a family or clan and is its guardian or symbol.
totem
From a Daoist perspective, the proper job a person should have would be determined by
what the individual is most capable of doing
One of the major areas of debate among early Christians was aboutOne of the major areas of debate among early Christians was about
whether or not they had to keep Jewish laws.
The color most often associated with Shinto is
white