Study for Final

A visionary of the Oglala Sioux who, in his dictated autobiography, claims that there is no strong distinction between the human and animal worlds but rather a sense of kinship.

Black Elk

Zen traces itself back to a legendary founder named

Bodhidharma.

The absolute or divine reality is known as

Brahman

A totem is a long-stemmed sacred pipe used primarily by many native peoples of North America; it is smoked as a token of peace.

False

Adi Granth means "Holy Death"; death by self-starvation, valued in Jainism as a noble end of a long life of virtue and detachment.

False

After a religious revolt, Spain reestablished control over the Pueblo peoples in 1680.

False

Ahimsa is a poem by Guru Nanak that begins the Adi Granth; the poem is recited daily by pious Sikhs.

False

Diaspora means "Teaching," "instruction"; the first five books of the Hebrew Scriptures; also the additional instructions of God, believed by many to have been transmitted orally from Moses through a succession of teachers and rabbis.

False

Hirja means "submission"; the Muslim religion and the community of believers who have submitted themselves to Allah.

False

Hogon is the traditional Dogon religion.

False

Imam means "cube"; the square shrine at the center of the great mosque of Mecca.

False

Kabah is a devotional remembrance of Allah through the recitation of his ninety-nine names and other devotional practices.

False

Kapu is the traditional Hawaiian observance of the four-month winter period.

False

Kupuna is a foretelling of the future or a discovery of the unknown by magical means.

False

Libation is a strong social prohibition.

False

Mosque means "path"; the whole body of Islamic law, which guides a Muslim's life.

False

Punjab, in Jainism, means ritual in honor of tirthankara.

False

Sura means "successor"; a religious and political leader.

False

The Inuit is a native tradition in New Zealand.

False

The Maori is the so-called Eskimo culture of Canada.

False

True or False: Theodicy refers to not asserting or denying the existence of any deity; unconcerned with the supernatural.

False

True or False: Animism means belief in one God.

False

True or False: Sigmund Freud is the American psychologist who viewed religion as a positive way of fulfilling needs and praised its positive influence on the lives of individuals.

False

True or False: William James is the founder of psychoanalysis who theorized that belief in a God or gods arose from an adult's projection of powerful and long-lasting experiences with his or her parents.

False

Woven rugs with geometric patterns are a distinctive part of Navaho healing rituals.

False

The authoritative pre-Confucian books are the

Five Classics.

Confucius's ideal society would live according to the ideals of the

Five Relationships.

The essential collection of sacred books of Buddhism is called

Tripitaka (Tipitaka).

A mosque is a Muslim place of worship.

True

A totem is an animal (or image of animals) that is considered to be related by blood to a family or a clan and is its guardian or symbol.

True

Bar mitzvah means "Son of the commandment"; the coming-of-age ceremony that marks the time when a young man is considered a legal adult within the Jewish community.

True

The founder of Tenrikyo was

Nakayama Miki.

The founder of Sikhism was

Nanak.

Tenrikyo, which grew out of Shinto, has its headquarters near

Nara.

The name given to Islamic mysticism is

Sufism

The day of Rejoicing in the Torah comes at the end of what festival?

Sukkot

Buddhism developed into several branches. The branch that spread into Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia is

Theravada.

In 1054, what happened between the Eastern (Greek-speaking) Church and the Western (Latin-speaking) Church?

They split apart.

The three categories of the Hebrew Bible are

Torah, Prophets, and Writings.

Black Elk was a visionary of the Oglala Sioux who, in his dictated autobiography, claims that there is no strong distinction between the human and animal worlds but rather a sense of kinship.

True

Holistic means organic, integrated; indicating a complete system, greater than the sum of its parts; in religious studies, refers to a culture whose various elements may all have religious meaning.

True

Jihad means "struggle"; the ideal of spreading Islamic belief and practice.

True

Kapu is the Hawaiian term meaning "taboo" or "forbidden."

True

Libation is the act of pouring a liquid as an offering to a god.

True

Pueblo peoples consider kachinas to be spirits of animals, people, plants or other beings that can act as guardian spirits.

True

Qiblah refers to the direction toward Mecca; the direction toward which Muslims pray.

True

Seder means "Order"; a special ritual meal at Passover, recalling the Hebrews' exodus from Egypt.

True

Shiite refers to a minority branch of Islam that holds Muhammad's genuine successors descended from his son-in-law, Ali.

True

Sufism refers to a group of devotional movements in Islam.

True

The Adi Granth is the "original collection"; the primary scripture of the Sikhs.

True

The Ainu is a Caucasoid group in northern Japan, especially Hokkaido, known for its animistic beliefs that spirits or spiritual powers are causative in natural events.

True

The Western Wall is the foundation stones of the western wall of the last temple of Jerusalem, today a place of prayer.

True

True or False: Emile Durkheim was the French sociologist who argued that religious behavior is relative to the society in which it is found, and that a society will often use a religion to reinforce its own values.

True

True or False: James Frazer is the Scottish anthropologist and author of "The Golden Bough" who saw the origins of religion in early attempts by human beings to influence nature and who identified religion as an intermediate stage between magic and science.

True

True or False: Pantheism means belief that everything in the universe is divine.

True

True or False: Polytheism means belief in many gods.

True

True or False: Rudolf Otto is the German theologian who argued in "The Idea of the Holy" that religions emerge when people experience that aspect of reality which is essentially mysterious.

True

True or False: The analytical approach that carefully investigates individual elements in cultural phenomena, rejecting the quest for universal structures that might under gird language or religion is called "post-structuralism."

True

True or False: "Atheism" means the position that holds that there is no God or gods.

True

Yoruba is a native or oral tradition in Africa.

True

Nanak's name for God was

True Name.

Jesus said that all important religious laws could be summed up in the

Two Great Commandments.

Elements of Buddhism, as interpreted in Japanese woodblock prints, influenced which artist?

Vincent Van Gogh

Krishna is considered an incarnation of

Vishnu

The Sunni reform movement that began in Saudi Arabia is

Wahhabi

A sacramental orientation in religion is characterized by

a belief that certain rituals and ceremonies help one achieve salvation.

In Tibetan Buddhism, a vajra is frequently used together with

a bell

A key practice of Nicheren Buddhism is

a chant to the Lotus Sutra.

Vinaya refers to

a collection of rules for monks and nuns.

The Nihongi is

a collection of stories of the gods and early history.

Part of the accommodation between Shinto and Buddhism included

a division of focus with Buddhism associated with philosophy, death and afterlife while Shinto was called on for agriculture and fertility.

An important practice in Shingon Buddhism is

a fire ritual with historic links to the Vedic fire ceremony.

State Shinto refers to

a former system of national shrines.

Izanami and Izanagi created Japan when they stirred the ocean with

a jeweled spear.

The Talmud is

a long work of commentary based on biblical principles.

In Jesus' day, a Samaritan was

a member of a despised outsider group.

At the Kabah, what object is venerated?

a meteorite

Zionism is

a movement that urges Jews to live in Israel.

Concerning the origins of Daoism, scholars today point to

a multiplicity of possible sources that coalesced into a movement.

An element contributing to the rise of Hindu fundamentalism is

a perceived danger coming from Christians, Muslims, and Sikhs.

Lent is

a period of preparation for Easter.

The ideal of benevolence or "humanheartedness" in Chinese is a written character made up of which pictographs?

a person and the number two

Malcolm X was inspired to see the racial inclusiveness of Islam through the influence of

a pilgrimage he made to Mecca.

The Khalsa was created to be

a protective social organization.

A koan is

a question.

A sangat is

a religious group.

Vimalakirti was

a rich but compassionate and wise layman.

The Native American vision quest is an example of

a rite of passage.

A place where one can sometimes escape punishment is

a sanctuary.

In religious studies, the word myth means

a story that is psychologically meaningful and may be either historically true or not.

Confucius worked almost all his life as

a teacher.

The minaret is

a tower used to call Muslims to prayer.

During the pilgrimage, men must wear the robe of Abraham, which is

a two-piece robe of white cloth.

The Upanishads are

about 100 written works that discuss the nature of spiritual reality.

The ideal of causing no harm to anything that can suffer is

ahimsa

Jainism places great emphasis on

ahimsa.

Observant Muslims do not allow

alcohol

Jain monks differ from Buddhist monks in

allowing nakedness.

Applying the notion of yin and yang, we could say that Daoism shows a special love for

allowing things to develop naturally.

Transcendentalism is the name for

an American movement in literature that was influenced by Hinduism.

Regarding his social class, the Buddha was

an aristocrat.

The Sadducees were

an aristocratic, priestly party centered in Jerusalem.

"Canaan" refers to

an early name for the region of Israel.

A letter to an early Christian community is called

an epistle.

Guru Granth is

an honorary title for the sacred book of Sikhism

Facts lending support to the Aryan Invasion Theory include

ancient Sanskrit's relation to Greek and Latin.

Among the numerous kami are the powers of nature; spirits associated with particular places in nature such as trees, waterfalls, and mountains; the ancestors; and

animal spirits.

A worldview common among indigenous religions that sees all elements of nature as being filled with spirit or spirits.

animism

The view that the end of the world is near is called

apocalypticism

That area of investigation that looks for and interprets religious evidence in ancient sites, buildings, and objects is

archeology.

The ideal of the Theravada branch is the

arhat (arahat).

Omoto is a new religion that emphasizes the value of

art.

The Jewish New Year occurs at what time of year?

autumn

Literally, the word religion means

connect again.

"Covenant" means

contract

What animal is treated with special devotion and care by Hindus?

cow

In Hinduism, the dead body is disposed of by

cremation

Tirthankara is the Jain name that is translated

crossing-maker.

Anthropology typically studies religions as

cultural creations with multiple aspects.

Sacred time is

cyclical, returning to its origins for renewal.

The analytical approach that studies written texts of religion and even non-written material as reflections of the cultural values and assumptions that produced them is

literary theory.

Literally, philosophy in Greek means

love of wisdom

Buddhism focuses especially on

maintaining inner peace.

Indigenous religions

make little distinction between a god and an ancestor.

Islam and Judaism are similar in that they both

make use of circumcision.

Tibetan Buddhism

makes great use of ritual.

A universal religious symbol that is circular, or that blends a circle and a square, is called a

mandala.

Om is a well-known example of a

mantra

An essential practice in Zen is

manual labor

Key events in the life cycle are

marked with special rituals.

A guru is a

religious teacher.

Confucius hoped to

restore the social harmony of the past.

A special New Year's ritual in Shinto is

rice pounding.

The major Christian rituals, such as baptism and the Lord's Supper, are often called

sacraments.

Taboos that have been broken are often mended through

sacrifices

After his wife died, Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu)

sang.

The name for the Buddhist community of monks and nuns is

sangha.

Enlightened awareness in Zen is called

satori.

In their view of human nature, the Confucianists

see human beings as needing their characters shaped by education.

A mystical orientation in religion is characterized by

seeking union with something greater than oneself.

The Japanese people

seem to be a blend of several peoples.

The emperor of Japan came to be considered a father figure for the whole country. This

seems to show the influence of Confucianism.

Hylozoism, the metaphysical philosophy of Jainism,

sees life in everything, even what is inanimate.

A human being who contacts and attempts to manipulate the power of spirits for the tribe or group.

shaman

Tibetan Buddhism includes elements of

shamanism

A mantra is a

short chant.

The Hebrew Bible sees history as

signs of divine activity.

The type of beauty that Zen particularly values emphasizes is

simplicity.

The name of the Digambara branch literally means

sky-clothed.

The major problem with a reliance on hadiths is that

some hadiths do not agree with each other.

What item worn by the Sikh Khalsa represents alertness and readiness to fight?

special underwear.

Female imagery in religions may be seen in

spirals and eggs.

The Passover occurs at what time of year?

spring

What item worn by the Sikh Khalsa symbolizes strength?

steel bracelet.

The analytical approach to language, religions, and mythology that searches for universal underlying frameworks is

structuralism.

Literally, "theology" means

study of the divine.

Literally, psychology mean

study of the soul.

Islam literally means

submission

Literally, the word "Muslim" means a person who

submits

The Buddha was particularly troubled by the problem of

suffering and death.

Kamikaze is a term used for referring to

suicide pilots.

The Jewish Sabbath is kept from

sunset Friday to sunset Saturday.

The general name for that category of books that is said to give the words of the Buddha is

sutra

Tendai Buddhism is known for

systematizing varied Buddhist teachings into a progressive hierarchy.

A strong social prohibition.

taboo

Regarding the ability of human beings to find the truth, Jainism

teaches that truth is relative to each person's viewpoint.

"Divination" refers to

telling the future.

Navaho sand paintings are

temporary creations in a ritual.

Pantheism is the belief

that all reality is divine.

The Three Purities consist of

the Dao, the god who transmits Daoist insight, and Laozi.

The Gospel of John shows many similarities with

the Dead Sea Scrolls.

he basic outlook on life, formulated by Buddhism, is contained in

the Four Noble Truths

The destruction of the Second Temple changed the nature of the Hebrew religion in that afterward

the Jewish religion began to focus on the written word.

The central sacrament (ritual act) of the Roman Catholic Church is called

the Mass

Christianity first spread in

the Mediterranean region

Sephardic Jews have lived primarily in

the Mediterranean region.

The religion of Sikhism first developed in

the Punjab region of India and Pakistan.

Daoism developed a pantheon of hundreds of deities, the most important being

the Three Purities.

A bias against the study of indigenous religions up until the twentieth century was

the assumption that they are not complex.

The Buddha opposed

the caste system.

Archeological discoveries showing Harappa civilization was not destroyed by outsiders led to

the development of the Aryan Migration Theory.

The Torah is

the first five books of the Bible (Pentateuch)

The primary focus of Shinto worship is directed toward

the gods of nature.

Sigmund Freud, when analyzing the origin of religion, emphasized

the human need for psychological security.

Tirthankara means "crossing maker"; in Jainism, one of the twenty-four ideal human beings of the past, Mahavira being the most recent.

true

It is possible that the creation myth that tells of numerous kami

unites the beliefs of several clans or tribes.

Traditionalists sometimes interpret the command not to work on the Sabbath as including no

use of the telephone.

Shinto and Confucianism particularly had what feature in common?

veneration of ancestors

The word Vedas is related to the English word

vision

A sannyasin is a

wandering holy man.

Muhammad and his followers escaped from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina). This event

was the turning point, after which Muhammad gained success.

The most important image to be found in the Daodejing, the image that best expresses its ideals, is

water

Literally, Daodejing means

way-power-classic

The city of India considered most sacred by the Hindus is

Benares (Varanasi).

"Orthodoxy" literally means

"right belief."

Literally, "synoptic" means

"together see."

The person whose Rule for Monks helped organize and spread Western monasticism was

Benedict

The Yijing (Yi Jing, I Ching)

is a book, valued by Confucius, that is used for divination.

Kosher means "ritually correct"; said particularly about food consumption and food preparation.

true

Passover is a joyful spring festival that recalls the Hebrews' exodus from Egypt and freedom from oppression.

true

The Adi Granth is the "original collection"; the primary scripture of the Sikhs.

true

Concerning words, Zen stresses that words are

not adequate.

The person who provided rules for how Eastern Christian monks should live was

Basil

The year Popay (Popé), a Pueblo native religious leader, led a revolt against religious oppression.

1680

China has had how many female rulers (emperors)?

1

How many Sikh gurus were there before the human line of gurus ended?

10

The Qing (Ching) dynasty, the last imperial dynasty, collapsed in China in

1911

When was the Bhagavad Gita written?

200 b.c.e.-200 c.e.

How many parts is the Adi Granth divided into?

3

Jain monasticism has split into how many branches?

4

The Daodejing is written in approximately how many Chinese characters?

5,000

Confucius lived during what years?

551-479 b.c.e.

The beginning of the Muslim calendar is the Western year

622 c.e.

Adam is said to have lived to be how old?

930

According to Sikh teaching, the primary guru is A.become one with God. B.have one's spirit overcome physicality. C.practice nonviolence.

?

Judaism traces itself back to what legendary patriarch who is written about in the book of Genesis?

Abraham

Muslims trace themselves back ultimately to what great patriarch?

Abraham

The history of the early Christian Church is found in what biblical book?

Acts

A Caucasoid group in northern Japan, especially Hokkaido, known for its animistic beliefs that spirits or spiritual powers are causative in natural events.

Ainu

It has been a traditional teaching that the imperial family is descended from what kami?

Amaterasu

The sun goddess of Shinto is

Amaterasu.

The Buddha of the Western Paradise is

Amitabha.

The center of the Sikh religion is at

Amritsar.

The term a.d. means

Anno Domini (in the year of the Lord).

The primary language that Jesus spoke was

Aramaic

The prince who is counseled by Krishna in the Bhagavad Gita is

Arjuna.

The Indian ruler who spread Buddhist teaching widely was

Ashoka

One name of an early female deity was

Astarte

The Christian bishop of North Africa who wrote his Confessions and influenced much later Christianity was

Augustine

The Southern Kingdom was destroyed in 586 b.c.e. by

Babylonia.

When the Jewish boy turns thirteen, he is considered an adult in the religious community. This ceremony takes its name from his new status.

Bar Mitzvah

The dramatic style of church architecture that Catholics frequently used in order to oppose the Protestant Reformation is called

Baroque

The branch of Protestantism that especially has stressed the religious value of work and discipline is

Calvinism

What psychologist saw religion as a way for people to find their fulfillment as unique individuals, a process he called "individuation"?

Carl Jung

The disciple of Freud who ultimately rebelled against him was

Carl Jung.

The basis for the Japanese writing system came from

China

The country that before modern times had the most influence on Japan was

China.

In 313 the emperor Constantine published an Edict of Toleration, which allowed

Christians to worship publicly

Mencius (Mengzi, Meng Tzu) was a

Confucian with a positive view of human nature.

During the Han dynasty (206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.),

Confucianism became the official philosophy of China, guiding its state policy.

The bishop who is the most important bishop in the Eastern Orthodox Church is the patriarch of

Constantinople

"Black Heads" is the name for

Daoist priests.

The Sunni reform movement that began in India and became popular in Pakistan is called

Deobandi

The French thinker who sought to go behind and beyond ordinary interpretations, to in essence "deconstruct" texts and other phenomena in search of fresh ways of seeing was

Derrida.

The name given by the Koyukon people of the Arctic to the holy ancient past in which the gods lived and worked.

Distant time

The religious order that has especially focused on teaching and scholarship is

Dominicans

The sociologist who emphasized that individual religions arise from and express the values of their societies was

Durkheim

The early anthropologist who saw religion as rooted in a belief in spirits and worship of them was

E. B. Tylor.

The branch of Christianity that is significant in Russia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Romania is called

Eastern Orthodox.

Omoto, in order to encourage international understanding, gives a special place to the study and use of

Esperanto.

The anthropologist who lived in the Sudan among the Nuer and Azande peoples was

Evans-Pritchard.

The French thinker who explored types of power in social and religious institutions and systems of thought that oppressed minority and other marginalized groups was

Foucault.

Jainism was a strong influence on

Gandhi.

The elephant-headed god who is a symbol of abundance is

Ganesha

The biblical book that describes the origins of the human race is

Genesis

The Yiddish language, though written in Hebrew characters, is a type of

German

The Jewish view of God is best expressed as

God makes moral demands.

According to Sikh teaching, the primary guru is

God.

On what feast are Jewish children given presents for eight days?

Hanukkah

What god—ordinarily shown with the face of a monkey—helped return Sita after her abduction to Sri Lanka?

Hanuman

A major city of the pre-Vedic culture of the Indus River Valley was

Harappa

A hierarchical, hereditary form of Daoism is called

Heavenly Master Daoism.

Which of these books is found in the New Testament?

Hebrews

The founder of the Church of England was

Henry VIII.

The medieval nun who wrote mystical songs was

Hildegard of Bingen

The Shinto deity of rice and good harvest is

Inari

Buddhism came to Tibet from

India

Buddhism began in

India.

The Vedic god of storm and war was

Indra

The river that lies northwest of India is

Indus

The so-called Eskimo culture of Canada.

Inuit

The countries that have a Shiite majority are

Iran and Iraq.

The Shinto shrine that is dedicated to Amaterasu and is the shrine of the imperial family is located at

Ise

The primeval female kami who was burned by the fire god is

Izanami.

The Scottish anthropologist who was the author of the multivolume study of mythology called The Golden Bough was

James Frazer

In China, the various Mahayana sects tended to blend. But they have remained separate in

Japan.

At first, before they were instructed to face Mecca for prayer, followers of Muhammad faced toward what city for prayer?

Jerusalem

The early Christian group that was primarily Jewish in background had its headquarters in

Jerusalem

"I am the Light of the world" is a statement found in what non-Synoptic Gospel?

John

Confucianism was criticized by Chinese who had studied in the West and were influenced by the teachings of

John Dewey and Bertrand Russell.

The Scottish church leader who studied with John Calvin in Geneva was

John Knox.

The Hebrew ancestor who, according to the Bible, first settled in Egypt was

Joseph

Christianity grew out of

Judaism

The Turkish leader who ended the caliphate was

Kemal Ataturk

Confucianism remains a strong value system in

Korea

What deity is often shown with dark blue skin?

Krishna

The Japanese monk who studied in China and established Shingon Buddhism in Japan was

Kukai (Kobo Daishi).

The language of Sephardic Jews has been

Ladino

The goddess of good luck is

Lakshmi

The French thinker who recognized extraordinary structural similarities in stories told by tribal peoples of the Americas was

Levi-Strauss.

Which book is part of the Torah or Pentateuch?

Leviticus

Many fine portraits of women are found in what Gospel, that emphasizes compassion and also contains the story of the Good Samaritan?

Luke

The book of Acts is really the second part of which Gospel?

Luke

What is the oldest branch of the Protestant Reformation? Lutheranism

Lutheranism

The Bhagavad Gita is part of a long Indian epic poem called

Mahabharata

Literally "eye-movement," the traditional Hawaiian observance of the four-month winter period, which refers to the appearance and movement of stars.

Makahiki

An indigenous tradition in New Zealand.

Maori

The oldest of the Gospels is generally thought to be

Mark

The Protestant Reformation was started by

Martin Luther.

The Gospel that is oriented toward a Jewish audience and that portrays Jesus as the "new Moses" is

Matthew

Muhammad was born and raised in

Mecca

A major Shinto shrine in Tokyo is named after what emperor?

Meiji

The statue of the Pietà in St. Peter's Basilica is by

Michelangelo

The Gothic cathedrals were built primarily during the

Middle Ages.

The modern Indian who used nonviolent means to help lead India to independence in 1947 was

Mohandas Gandhi.

Biblical Judaism describes Judaism before the destruction of the Second Temple (70 C.E.).

true

Hinduism is the majority religion of

Nepal

Traditional Dogon religion.

Omolobulo

The Church of World Messianity (Sekaikyu Seikyo) is an offshoot o

Omoto

Which division of modern Judaism stresses strict beliefs and careful keeping of dietary laws?

Orthodox

Jesus died at the time of what religious festival?

Passover

Which Jewish festival recalls the event related in the Book of Exodus about liberation of the Hebrews from oppression in Egypt?

Passover (Pesach)

A major French artist created a large painting with the title of Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? The artist's name was

Paul Gauguin

In Hawaii, the goddess of fire, whose place of veneration is the volcano.

Pele

Another name for the Torah is

Pentateuch

Gothic architecture, although it arose in France, may be traced back to

Persia

Contemporary Judaism has split into four parts. The most liberal is called

Reconstructionist Judaism.

Khalsa is the community of initiated Sikhs.

true

The "Sutras on the Perfection of Wisdom" have what Sanskrit name?

Prajnaparamita

The prophetic orientation in religion is particularly strong in

Protestant Christianity.

The biblical book of song lyrics sung in worship at the Second Temple in Jerusalem is

Psalms

The school of Chinese and Japanese Buddhism, which sees the Buddha as a divine savior, whose name the believer must constantly repeat with devotion, is

Pure Land.

The sacred book of Islam, which gives the sermons of Muhammad, is called

Qur'an (Koran).

The Islamic month of fasting is called

Ramadan

The first two kings of the Israelite Kingdom were

Saul and David.

The oldest and most important of the Vedas is

Rig Veda.

In Jesus' time, what power controlled Israel?

Rome

The German theologian who held that religions originate in human response to the mysterious side of reality was

Rudolf Otto

The worldview of Sikhism is similar to the Hindu philosophical school called

Sankhya.

The branch of Islam that is found primarily in Iran and Iraq is

Shiite

Besides Tibetan Buddhism, another form of Vajrayana Buddhism is

Shingon Buddhism.

This god is associated with destruction and rebirth.

Shiva

Jainism, as taught by Mahavira, emerged in India about the time of what other great teacher?

Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha

Some Sikhs want a

Sikh nation, separate from India.

Which religions accept the eating of animals?

Sikhism and Islam

The god Rama is frequently paired with

Sita

Which country had a large Muslim population for almost 800 years?

Spain

One of the greatest examples of Islamic architecture is located in India and is called the

Taj Mahal.

The Sunni reform movement that for a while took control of Afghanistan is called

Taliban

The American thinker who argued that religion brought a new vitality to people's lives was

William James.

The emperor renounced his title to divinity when

World War II ended.

The Jewish Day of Atonement, the most sacred day of the Jewish year, is

Yom Kippur.

A native tradition in Africa.

Yoruba

One religion that particularly values and makes use of silence is

Zen Buddhism

Which great scholar developed a complete philosophy of reality, now called Neo-Confucianism?

Zhu Xi (Chu Hsi)

The man who dreamed he was a butterfly was

Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu).

Perhaps the most important ritual of Christianity is a sign of entry into the church, or

baptism

Shinto and Buddhism

began to blend soon after the introduction of Buddhism.

Which of the following is NOT typical of Islam?

belief in a Trinity

The prophetic orientation in religion emphasizes

beliefs and moral codes.

Confucianism has been especially concerned about relationships

between human beings.

Literally, Mahayana means

big vehicle.

Nirvana seems to come from a word that means

blow out.

A person of great compassion, willing to be reborn constantly to help others, is called

bodhisattva.

The general Jewish attitude toward physical matter and bodily pleasure has generally been that

both matter and the body are innately good.

Daoism might have similarities with Hinduism because

both seem to cover a wide variety of beliefs and practices

Jainism seems to be most strongly concerned about

breaking the power of bondage to the physical world.

The ideal of the warrior, promoted by Shinto during World War II, is called

bushido.

The successor to Muhammad, for centuries a political as well as a religious figure, was called

caliph

The most significant Confucian art form has been

calligraphy.

A long-stemmed sacred pipe used primarily by many native peoples of North America; it is smoked as a token of peace.

calumet

Muhammad's job was

caravan driver.

Shinto puts great emphasis on

careful ritual.

A Hindu social class, sanctioned by religion, is called a

caste

Nanak, after leaving home to teach, wore

clothing that blended Muslim and Hindu styles.

The goddess Amaterasu was lured from a cave, where she was hiding, by

dancing nearby.

An image used by the Daodejing to express the difficulty of seeing in the Daoistic way is

darkness.

Among many reasons, religions exist to help people

deal with the certainty of death.

Daoists aim at enjoying a long life but also accept death because

death is a part of the natural order of things.

According to the Book of Exodus, what disaster was the last to strike the Egyptians?

death of firstborn male children

The Daodejing is known for its

deliberate obscurity.

Bhakti means

devotion to a god.

The religious practice of ordinary Hindus is primarily

devotion to deities.

The virtue of filial piety means

devotion to one's family.

Puja is

devotional ritual.

Jains believe that perfected souls

disappear from the world and live at the top of the universe

The social period in which Confucius lived was

disorderly.

A foretelling of the future or a discovery of the unknown by magical means.

divination

Jesus opposed divorce because

divorce left a woman unable to support herself

The Jain worldview holds that a Creator

does not exist.

The dissatisfaction and sorrow that life brings is called

dukkha

During the Meiji Restoration, Shinto became tied to growing nationalism through

emphasis on the divine origins of the emperor.

What is most important in Zen is

enlightened awareness.

The year 1 of the Muslim calendar dates from what event in the life of Muhammad?

escape from Mecca to Medina

The phrase "Five Pillars of Islam" refers to

essentials of Muslim belief and practice.

The Chan/Zen virtues are especially

intuition and naturalness.

One of the essential Buddhist teachings is

everything is changing.

A Digambara is a Sikh temple.

false

Adi Granth means "Holy Death"; death by self-starvation, valued in Jainism as a noble end of a long life of virtue and detachment.

false

Canaan is a joyous festival in early spring that recalls the Jews' being saved from destruction, as told in the book of Esther.

false

Japji means "Conqueror"; the Jain term for a perfected person who will not be reborn.

false

Puja means "disciple"; a follower of the Sikh religion.

false

The Talmud is the dispersion of Jews beyond Israel, particularly to Persia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean region.

false

The most fundamental relationship for Confucius seems to have been that between

father and son.

A common element often found in religions is

feelings of wonder.

The Buddha lived about this time.

fifth century b.c.e.

A characteristic symbolic object associated with Krishna, indicative of the attractive power of the divine, is a

flute

Krishna is often portrayed holding a

flute

Jains allow and even recommend

gentle suicide after a long life of virtue

Literally, "gospel" means

good news.

A Sikh temple is called a

gurdwara.

A memory of what Muhammad said or did is called

hadith

An important element of ritual at a Shinto shrine is

hand clapping.

Shinto

has helped the Japanese maintain a sense of their unique identity.

Yoga path of doing various stretching postures and balancing.

hatha

Christianity added its books to those of the Hebrew Bible; the distinctively Christian books are called

he New Testament.

Siddhartha Gautama is the name of

he person who became known as the Buddha.

The name Mahavira literally means

hero or great man.

Organic, integrated; indicating a complete system, greater than the sum of its parts; here, refers to a culture whose various elements may all have religious meaning.

holistic

Sallekhana means

holy death

To believe that nature is full of spirits implies that

human beings must treat all things with care.

Regarding traditional Jewish practices, Jesus seems to have thought that

human happiness was an important goal.

The islands of Japan, according to the creation story, are a sort of this-worldly heaven because

humans share the islands with divine beings who live there.

The term maya may be translated as

illusion

Muhammad had his first revelations

in a cave

Regarding the afterlife, Muslims believe

in heaven and hell.

Izanagi searched for Izanami

in the underworld.

Critics of the Aryan Invasion or Migration theory often maintain that these are

indications continued of western cultural imperialism.

A major goal of Buddhism is

inner peace

The Doctrine of the Mean

is a short book on moderation and harmony.

Constructed sacred space

is often in a symbolic shape such as a circle or square.

In Hawaiian culture, a specialist, such as priest, midwife, or navigator.

kahuna

The name for a god in Shinto is

kami

Hawaiian term meaning "taboo" or "forbidden."

kapu

The law of moral cause-and-effect is called the law of

karma

Yoga path striving to do all useful work unselfishly without a desire for reward.

karma

At the end of his life, Laozi (Lao Tzu) is said to have

left China riding on an ox.

To lessen suffering, the Buddha recommended

lessening desire.

The act of pouring a liquid as an offering to a god.

libation

Laozi (Lao Tzu) is said to have been a

librarian.

The name "Eve" means

life

Jainism sees reality as made up of

life (jiva) and nonlife (ajiva)

The conception of time that is found in religions that emphasize a creation and a cosmic purpose is usually

linear.

An important symbol of Shiva is the

lingam

Uncut hair by the Khalsa and the last name Singh represent the symbolic characteristics of what animal?

lion

A dietary law kept by traditionalist Jews is that what items may not be eaten at the same meal?

meat and dairy products

Raja yoga is the yoga of

meditation

Zen comes from a word that means

meditation

The Reform movement that began to spread in the nineteenth century attempted to

modernize Judaism.

The goal of ultimate liberation from egotism and from rebirth is called

moksha

The word that means "liberation" is

moksha

What movement, growing after 500 c.e. in Europe, helped spread Christianity widely throughout Europe?

monasticism

A story in the Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu) makes fun of the silliness of human beings. It compares them to

monkeys.

In China, Buddhism was sometimes criticized because

monks and nuns had no children.

Belief in one God is called

monotheism.

The Adi Granth is the

most important Sikh scripture.

Tradition holds that which relative of the Buddha died soon after the birth of the Buddha?

mother

The chanter who calls people to prayer is called

muezzin

Ramadan is the

name of the month in which Muhammad received revelation.

The unconditioned state of reality that is the highest goal of Buddhism is called

nirvana.

One of the requirements of the Khalsa was

no alcohol

The month-long fast that observant Muslims keep involves

no eating or drinking of anything during the daylight hours.

The notion of wu wei is

no unnecessary action.

The personal ideal or hero of Confucianism is the

noble person.

Like Buddhists, Jains value

nonattachement and nonharm.

The Shiite branch developed because

of a disagreement over the line of succession from Muhammad

Vedic worship was primarily

offerings to nature gods at fire altars.

The torii is

often used as a gateway to a sacred location.

The Bible says that God spoke to Moses

on Mount Sinai.

Wilhelm Schmidt, an Austrian philologist, argued that human beings originally believed in

one God.

In Hinduism, dharma refers to

one's social duty.

Islam particularly stresses

oneness of God

The name Adi Granth means

original collection.

The approach that especially makes use of reason to find answers to religious questions is

philosophy.

Belief in many gods is called

polytheism.

Jewish dietary laws forbid eating

pork.

The analytical approach that carefully investigates individual elements in cultural phenomena, rejecting the quest for universal structures that might under gird language or religion is

post-structuralism.

The Mencius

presents the teachings of a Confucian thinker.

A brahmin is a

priest

The turning point in Nanak's life was a

prophetic call near a river.

The moral conscience of the Hebrew people was the

prophets

The word masjid (mosque) literally means a place of

prostration

Most Jains practice the devotional activity called

puja

Among Shinto values and practices, which task is quite important?

purification

Shinto often makes use of

purification rituals.

The color that symbolizes sorrow for sin and repentance and is used during Lent is

purple

Yoga path focused on meditation

raja

Complex Confucian etiquette shows respect to others, makes social interactions predictable, and

reflects the social position of its participants.

Nanak, like the Hindus, believed in

reincarnation and karma.

In regard to Confucianism, the Communists after the Communist Revolution

rejected it as not being egalitarian.

Dao is the origin of

the rhythms of nature.

A common symbol signifying the center of the universe in many indigenous religions is

the sacred tree of life.

The Analects are

the sayings of Confucius.

The two dots of contrasting color inside the light and dark commas of the yin/yang symbol represent

the seed of its opposite.

The term medicine man refers to

the shaman.

The Jains consider Mahavira to be

the twenty-fourth "crossing-maker."

The term Shinto comes from two Chinese words that mean

the way of the gods.

In the story of their lives, Mahavira and the Buddha show similarities, such as

their both practicing extreme asceticism.

In the worldview of animism,

there are no clear boundaries between the natural and the supernatural.

In regard to the common belief in a permanent soul, the Buddha seems to have taught that

there is none.

Daoism likely established monasteries and temples

through the influence of Buddhism.

Part of the pilgrimage ritual involves

throwing stones at pillars

Animal (or image of animals) that is considered to be related by blood to a family or clan and is its guardian or symbol.

totem

From a Daoist perspective, the proper job a person should have would be determined by

what the individual is most capable of doing

One of the major areas of debate among early Christians was aboutOne of the major areas of debate among early Christians was about

whether or not they had to keep Jewish laws.

The color most often associated with Shinto is

white