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"I reckon it was hot, 'cause in less than two days, 21 white men, women, and children, and 44 Negroes, was slain. My granddaddy say that in the woods and at Stono, where the war start, there was more than 100 Negroes in line. When the militia come in sight of them at Combahee swamp, the drinking, dancing Negroes scatter in the brush and only 44 stand their ground. Commander Cato speak for the crowd. He say: 'We don't like slavery. We start to join the Spanish in Florida. We surrender but we not whipped yet and we is not converted.' The other 43 say: 'Amen.' They was taken, unarmed, and hanged by the militia." -Source: George Cato, account of the Stono Rebellion in 1739 Which of the following best represents the historical consequences of the account recited in the above excerpt?

A series of black codes led to greater oppression among slaves.

The views expressed in the excerpt are best seen as evidence of which of the following in New England society?

A tradition of democratic self-government in the American colonies

"In the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies." The appeal quoted above was made by

Abigail Adams

What was the original intention of the Virginia Company in founding the colony of Jamestown in 1607?

Acquiring raw materials like lumber to increase profits and investments among joint stock companies.

The engraving above is most likely depicting which of the following regions?

Caribbean territories

Which of the following best describes the most immediate impact of the Proclamation of 1763 on the British North American colonies?

Colonists disobeyed the Proclamation of 1763, moving westward past the Appalachian Mountains.

Which of the following describes a trend in exports from England to British North America between 1699 and 1749 indicated in the table?

Demand in the colonies for manufactured goods from England greatly increased.

In the decade following the publication of the image in #4 question, which of the following groups expressed the most opposition to the exercise of power by the national government?

Democratic-Republicans

The financial programs of Alexander Hamilton included all of the following EXCEPT

Developing better relations with Native Americans to expand westward trade routes

Shays' Rebellion reflected which of the following tensions in United States society during the 1780s?

Economic frustration of New England farmers who had trouble paying debts in hard currency

Which of the following contributed most to the increasing use of African slave labor instead of Native American labor in colonial Spain?

Enslaved Africans were immune to most diseases spread by the Spanish, while indigenous people were not.

Which of the following economic shifts resulted most directly from the trends described in the excerpt?

European economies shifted from a feudal economy to a capitalist economy

-Source: Bible translated into the language of the indigenous Massachusett people, published by John Eliot, 1663 A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?

European efforts to educate natives on Christian principles

"This is the Country, which the French have many Years envied us, and which they have been long meditating to make themselves Masters of: They are at length come to a Resolution to attack us. . . in one of the best of those Colonies, Virginia; and in that part of it which lies on the River Ohio. . . . The French however if they find their Way to the Coast of Virginia, will easily over-run the provinces, because each Province considers itself as independence of the Rest, and the Invaders from Canada all act under one Governor; to unite 13 Provinces which fill an Extent of 1600 Miles is not easy . . . Canada must be subdued." The Maryland Gazette, 1755 The excerpt is describing which of the following conflicts in the 1700s?

French and Indian War

Which of the following statements explains why the French allied themselves with Native Americans?

French colonists were looking to establish fur-trading practices with Native Americans

The actions shown in the image depict which of the following trends in 1790s?

Growing support of a new national bank and its increased strength of the federal government.

"His Brittanic Majesty acknowledges the said United States . . . to be free, sovereign and independent States; that he treats with them as such; and for himself his heirs and successors, relinquishes all claims to the gouvernment, propriety and territorial rights of the same, and every part thereof. . . ." -Source: Treaty of Paris, 1783 What role did George Washington play in the events referenced by the text?

His military leadership forced the British to surrender

"Be it enacted and it is hereby enacted by the Representatives of the Freemen of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. . . That all persons, as well negroes and mulattoes as others who shall be born within this state, from and after the passing of this act, shall not be deemed and considered as servants for life or slaves; and that all servitude for life or slavery of children in consequence of the slavery of their mothers, in the case of all children born within this state from and after the passing of this act as aforesaid, shall be and hereby is utterly taken away, extinguished and forever abolished." Pennsylvania Act, 1780 The law above emerged most directly from the context of which of the following?

Increased awareness of inequalities in society during and after the American Revolution

Morgan describes how, over time, planters came to use enslaved Africans instead of indentured servants as laborers. Why did Virginia planters originally prefer indentured servants to slaves?

Indentured servants were less expensive than slaves, and planters got land for each servant they brought from England

How did the cultivation of maize affect settlement patterns in the American Southwest and present-day Mexico?

It caused Native Americans in the area to develop permanent settlements supported by farming and irrigation systems.

Which of the following was true of the Continental Congress in its drafting of the Articles of Confederation?

It was cautious about giving the new government powers it had just denied Parliament and the English monarchy.

Which of the following most directly led to the circumstances illustrated by the image?

Native American lack of immunity to disease

They tell us, sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be stronger. . . The millions of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us. Besides, sir, we shall not fight our battles alone. . . . The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave. Besides, sir, we have no election. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the contest. There is no retreat but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forged! Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston! The war is inevitable--and let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come." -Source: Patrick Henry, "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death," 1775 (Links to an external site.) The point of view expressed in the quotation above is most likely that of a member of which of the following groups?

Patriot

As a result of Bacon's Rebellion:

Planters began to look for less troublesome laborers

The Mayflower Compact can be best described as a(n)

Promising step toward genuine self government

What position did Anti-Federalists take on the Bill of Rights?

The Bill of Rights was necessary to keep the federal government from gaining too much power.

Which of the following is the false concept, which held that the Spanish conquerors merely tortured and butchered the Indians, stole their gold, infected them with smallpox and left little but misery behind?

The Black Legend

Which of the following processes is Mann describing?

The Columbian Exchange

Which of the following statements explains a major difference in settlement patterns between French and English colonies in the 1600s?

The French and Dutch sent less settlers because they were not focused on creating permanent settlements

"The American Revolution launched an idea of popular sovereignty that, together with the cost of the war, helped to provoke the downfall of the French monarchy. The French Revolution, dramatic as was its influence on the Old World, also became a fundamental event in the New World because it was eventually to challenge slavery as well as royal power." Robin Blackburn, historian, "Haiti, Slavery, and the Age of the Democratic Revolution", William and Mary Quarterly, 2006 Which of the following was the most significant impact of the American and French Revolutions described in the excerpt?

The Revolutions inspired future independence movements in the Caribbean and Latin America.

What argument in the excerpt above was made to support Spanish exploration?

The Spanish empire had an obligation to spread Christianity around the world.

Which of the following pieces of legislation passed after 1762 as a reaction to the changes illustrated in the chart?

The Townshend Acts

Which of the following factors most influenced the adoption of largely mobile lifestyles by early societies in the Great Basin and Great Plains?

The arid Great Basin limited farming opportunities close to major waterways, making permanent settlements undesirable.

Paine's argument "that the same tyranny which drove the first emigrants from home, pursues their descendants still" was most likely in reference to which of the following situations?

The belief among colonists that they had earned a right to greater liberty from Britain

Which of the following developments in the 17th and 18th centuries best represented the continuation of the ideas expressed in the passage?

The development of a mercantilist system enabled Britain to receive raw materials from the colonies

"When I heard that Mr. Whitefield was coming to preach in Middletown, I was in my field at work. I dropped my tool and ran home to my wife and told her to hurry. My wife and I rode my horse as fast as I thought the horse could bear . . . When we got to the meeting house there were three or four thousand people assembled . . . When I saw Mr. Whitfield he looked almost angelic . . . And hearing how God was with him everywhere put me into a trembling fear. I saw that my righteousness would not save me . . ." -Nathan Cole, a farmer from Middletown, Connecticut recounting his experience hearing George Whitefield preach in 1741.

The emergence of the First Great Awakening

How were Mississippian tribes similar to other Native American groups in the pre-European contact?

The environment in which they lived influenced their societies and economies.

Which of the following factors contributed most directly to the views expressed in the excerpt from Question number 1?

The fear of excessive centralized authority

"By interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, [we] entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rivalship, interest, humor, or caprice. . . . It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world." -Source: George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 Which of the following developments in the early 1800s best represented the continuation of the ideas expressed in the passage?

The rise of a foreign policy of non-involvement

"I . . . longed to see and hear him, and wished he would come this way. And I soon heard he was [to] come to New York and [New Jersey] and great multitudes [began] flocking after him under great concern for their souls which brought on my concern more and more hoping soon to see him. . . . "Then one morning all of a sudden, about 8 or 9 o'clock there came a messenger and said Mr. Whitefield . . . is to preach at Middletown this morning. . . . I was in my field at work. I dropped my tool that I had in my hand and ran home and . . . bade my wife get ready quick to go and hear Mr. Whitefield preach at Middletown, and [ran] to my pasture for my horse with all my might, fearing that I should be too late to hear him. ". . . . When we got to the old meeting house there was a great multitude; it was said to be 3 or 4,000 . . . people assembled together. . . . "When I saw Mr. Whitefield . . . he looked almost angelical . . . and my hearing how God was with him everywhere as he came along it solemnized my mind, and put me into a trembling fear before he began to preach . . . and my old foundation was broken up, and I saw that my righteousness would not save me. . . ." Nathan Cole, farmer, describing going to hear Reverend George Whitefield preach in Middletown, Connecticut, 1740 The events described in the excerpt most directly reflected which of the following developments?

The spread of the First Great Awakening from Britain to North America

The term Columbian Exchange refers to:

The transfer of plants, animals and diseases between the Old and New World

What was important about the development of vessels such as the one depicted above?

They allowed the Spanish and Portuguese to sail across the Atlantic and not just along the coastlines of Africa

Which of the following is a correct statement about women in United States society in the years 1790-1810?

They were considered critical to educating good republican citizens.

". . . from thence forward, no goods or commodities whatsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands. . . in any other. . . ships or . . . vessels whatsoever, but in such ships or vessels as do truly and without fraud belong only to the people of England . . . or are built of and belonging to any the lands and whereof the master and three fourths of the mariners at least are English." -Navigation Acts, September 1660 Which of the following accurately describes the purpose of the excerpt above?

To further the economic theory of mercantilism by sending raw materials to Britain

All of the following exemplify acts of rebellion between European nations and groups viewed as inferior EXCEPT:

Triangle Trade

"All male white inhabitants, of the age of twenty-one years, and possessed in his own right of ten pounds value, and liable to pay tax in this State, or being of any mechanic trade, and shall have been resident six months in this State, shall have a right to vote at all elections for representatives, or any other officers, herein agreed to be chosen by the people at large; and every person having a right to vote at any election shall vote by ballot personally. . . ." -Source: Georgia State Constitution, 1777 According to the excerpt, which of the following was a qualification for voting?

Voters had to own property.

". . .From the numerous avocations to which a professional life exposes gentlemen in America from their families, a principal share of the instruction of children naturally devolves upon the women. It becomes us therefore to prepare them, by a suitable education, for the discharge of this most important duty of mothers. . . . The equal share that every citizen has in liberty and the possible share he may have in the government of our country make it necessary that our ladies should be qualified to a certain degree, by a peculiar and suitable education, to concur in instructing their sons in the principles of liberty and government." Benjamin Rush, Thoughts upon Female Education, 1787 The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following?

Women should be responsible for teaching republican values to their families, particularly their sons

The image above most directly reflects the belief held by many in 1788 that

a stronger central government was a positive step

The opinion expressed in the excerpt from Question number one would most likely have been held by

an Anti-Federalist

The Federalist papers were written in order to

attain ratification of the Constitution

The primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763 was to

avoid conflict with the trans-Appalachian Indians

"If the Sons (so degenerate) the Blessing despise, Let the Daughters of Liberty, nobly arise, And tho' we've no Voice, but a negative here. The use of the Taxables, let us forbear, (Then Merchants import till yr. Stores are all full May the Buyers by few and yr. Traffick be dull.) Stand firmly resolved, and bid Grenville to see That rather than Freedom, we'll part with our Tea And well as we love the dear Draught when adry, As American Patriots, --our Taste we deny . . . ." -Source: Hannah Griffitts, The Female Patriots, Address'd to the Daughters of Liberty in America, 1768 The author of the passage would most likely have supported which of the following?

boycotts of British products

"This is the Country, which the French have many Years envied us, and which they have been long meditating to make themselves Masters of: They are at length come to a Resolution to attack us. . . in one of the best of those Colonies, Virginia; and in that part of it which lies on the River Ohio. . . . The French however if they find their Way to the Coast of Virginia, will easily over-run the provinces, because each Province considers itself as independence of the Rest, and the Invaders from Canada all act under one Governor; to unite 13 Provinces which fill an Extent of 1600 Miles is not easy. . . . Canada must be subdued." The Maryland Gazette, 1755 According to the excerpt, what caused the conflict between the French and the British?

competing claims to colonial land

"If your majesty has no more skillful man to employ, I am ready to take the matter in charge and will be responsible for the treaty without compromising anyone persuaded that my zeal will better supplement my lack of dexterity than the dexterity of another could replace my zeal. The Americans are as well placed as possible; army, fleet, provisions, courage, everything is excellent; but without powder and engineers how can they conquer or how even can they defend themselves? Are we willing to let them perish rather than loan them one or two millions? Are we afraid of losing the money?" -Source: Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, letter to the King of France, 1776 The excerpt was most likely intended to do which of the following?

convince the French monarchy to help the Patriots in the American Revolution

Which of the following practices did the ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly challenge?

enslaving indigenous people as laborers in the encomienda system

This painting could best be used as evidence of which of the following historical developments?

how Spanish colonization led to a racial hierarchy in the New World based on an individual's percentage of Spanish blood.

According the primary source above, what were colonists protesting against during the 1760's?

increased imperial control of colonial governments.

In addition to the reason discussed in the passage above, which of the following was a reason for Spanish colonization in the Americas?

increasing the wealth of Spain by extracting natural resources from the Americas.

Paine's rhetoric in the excerpt would have most likely been interpreted at the time as promoting the

independence of the American colonies

The map most directly depicts the ways in which the British government attempted to do which of the following?

limit the expansion of westward colonial settlement.

The Proclamation Line of 1763 was designed to

limit western expansion of colonial settlement

The events described in the excerpt are best seen as evidence of opposition to which of the following?

new taxes instituted the British governments

The labor system described in the first paragraph of the excerpt was most similar to the labor system used for

producing sugar in the Caribbean

After the French and Indian War, British political leaders were determined to

require the North American colonies to pay a greater share of the empire's administrative expenses

Which of the following is an example of an activity that white women typically engaged in during the Revolutionary War?

sewing and mending clothes for American soldiers

"If the Sons (so degenerate) the Blessing despise, Let the Daughters of Liberty, nobly arise, And tho' we've no Voice, but a negative here. The use of the Taxables, let us forbear, (Then Merchants import till yr. Stores are all full May the Buyers by few and yr. Traffick be dull.) Stand firmly resolved, and bid Grenville to see That rather than Freedom, we'll part with our Tea And well as we love the dear Draught when adry, As American Patriots, --our Taste we deny . . . ." -Source: Hannah Griffitts, The Female Patriots, Address'd to the Daughters of Liberty in America, 1768 Which of the following identifies a way that women served the revolutionary cause?

spinning homemade cloth to support boycotts

Shays' Rebellion is significant because it

strengthened the movement for a new constitution

The excerpt is best understood as a response to which of the following historical developments?

the Atlantic slave trade

"Thus, fellow citizens, have I pointed out what I thought necessary to be amended in our Federal Constitution. I beg you to call to mind our glorious Declaration of Independence, read it, and compare it with the Federal Constitution; what a degree of apostacy will you not then discover. Therefore, guard against all encroachments upon your liberties so dearly purchased with the costly expense of blood and treasure." A Georgian, Gazette of the State of Georgia, November 15, 1787 What is the excerpt calling for?

the addition of the Bill of Rights shortly after the Constitution was adopted

"Art. 1: Henceforth all hostilities shall cease; peace is hereby established, and shall be perpetual; and a friendly intercourse shall take place between the said United States and Indian tribes . . . . And in consideration of the peace now established . . . the said Indian tribes do hereby cede and relinquish forever, all their claims to the lands lying eastwardly and southwardly of the general boundary line now described: . . . ." -Source: Treaty of Greenville, 1795 The treaty expressed in the excerpt contributed most directly to debates in the United States about which of the following?

the belief in the right of Americans to continue to expand westward

For all men being originally equals, no one by birth could have a right to set up his own family in perpetual preference to all others for ever, and tho' himself might deserve some decent degree of honours of his contemporaries, yet his descendants might be far too unworthy to inherit them." Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 The excerpt above contributed most directly to which of the following developments?

the colonists belief in the superiority of a republican form of government.

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." -Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 The excerpt best serves as evidence for which of the following developments?

the colonists' belief in the superiority of republican government based on the natural rights of the people

"It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself." -Source: The Federalist Papers, No. 51, 1788 The ideas about government expressed in the excerpt are most consistent with which of the following?

the concept of checks and balances

Their Highnesses can see that I will give them however much gold they need with what little aid they give me now: spices and cotton as much as they call for . . . and slaves as many as they order to be shipped. . . . Therefore, since our Redeemer has given this victory to our illustrious King and Queen and to their famously successful reigns, all Christians should rejoice, hold grand celebrations, and with solemn prayers give thanks to the Holy Trinity for the exaltation of turning so many peoples to our Holy Faith." -Source: Christopher Columbus, Letter to Luis de Santangel, Official Notary for King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, 1493

the desire of European nations to find new sources of wealth in the Americas.

Examine the image and answer the question below.

the development of a race-based caste system

The overall trend from 1601 to 1800 depicted in the graph resulted from which of the following?

the growth of plantation agriculture in the Americas

Which of the following developments in the colonial era best represented the continuation of the ideas expressed in the slave law above?

the idea that the condition of slavery passed down to the child through the mother

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it," -Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?

the influence of the Enlightenment on American colonists

"The Americans are as well placed as possible; army, fleet, provisions, courage, everything is excellent; but without powder and engineers how can they conquer or how even can they defend themselves? Are we willing to let them perish rather than loan them one or two millions? Are we afraid of losing the money?" -Source: Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, letter to the King of France, 1776 The ideas in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following?

the provision of foreign aid and resources for American troops

Which of the following statements best explains the reason that the British government passed the Proclamation of 1763?

to reduce conflicts between the American colonists and indigenous people

North American Native tribes

were greatly varied in lifestyle and economic systems