study guide for science
When a volcano erupts, lava flows out from the vent. What type of rock is formed as the lava cools?
B
Heat and pressure can transform igneous rock into metamorphic rock. What is part of the process that can transform igneous rock into sedimentary rock?
Compaction and cementation
Of the igneous rocks shown above, which would have cooled slowly deep underground during its formation?
Granite
The Mohs scale for minerals is shown below. An unknown mineral can be scratched by topaz, but not by feldspar. According to the Mohs scale, which of the following best describes the hardness of the unknown mineral?
Less than 8 and more that 6
What processes will change a sedimentary rock into an igneous rock?
Melting and cooling
The diagram below shows some of the layers of rocks found in the Grand Canyon. These rocks formed from material that had been weathered and eroded, then deposited and compacted. What type of rocks are these?
Melting and cooling the magma
Sara wrote down some observations of four rock samples she was studying. Based on her observations, which of the following rock samples is most likely a sedimentary rock?
Sedimentary
Based on the processes shown in this diagram, what is being formed at #2? Based on the processes shown in this diagram, what is being formed at #1?
Sediments ignos
Based on the information in the table, Kendra's mineral is most similar to
apatite
Ores are valuable natural resources because they
are a source for useful material
Extrusive rocks cool quickly because they
are at the surface
The property that describes matter based on its ability to change into new materials with different properties, such as flammability and its ability to react to acid.
chemical
Based on the information in the rock sample table, which is a sedimentary rock?
conglomerate and sandstone
Ricardo has an intrusive igneous rock in his rock collection. Where did this rock most likely form?
deposition
The process that places small pieces of rock or other matter in a new place. The weathering is breaking down or dissolving rocks
erosion
More often than metamorphic or igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks can contain:
fossils
igneous rocks are formed by
from the magma deep underground
Rock layers may be forced deep underground and exposed to high temperatures and pressures. These rocks change and become
metamorphic
What are natural, solid materials found on Earth that are the building blocks of rock?
minerales
A property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured, like color and luster.
physical
A resource that can naturally replace itself quicker than people consuming it is
renewable
Fossil fuels formed over a long period of time when heat and pressure were applied to the remains of living things. That makes fossil fuels
renewable
Rocks that contain fragments of bones, shells, and plant remains are most likely
sedimentary
Scientists use the rock cycle to describe
the processes that show how rocks change into other rocks
the process of breaking down rocks and creating the sediments is called
weathering
What is the correct order of the three geological processes that shape the Earth? (think weathering, deposition, and erosion)
weathering erosion and deposition
