Study study study

Which of the following would be the best graphic to demonstrate the relationship between temperature and elevation?

a scatterplot A scatterplot plots data on the X and Y axis to examine the relationship between the two sets of variables.

What is the primary goal of summative assessments? a. evaluating teachers b. ranking students c. measuring student achievement Summative assessments are used to evaluate student learning. d. making instructional decisions

c

What was the main reason that the United States fought in the Vietnam War?

to prevent the spread of communism During the Cold War era, the United States fought many wars for the anti-communist regime against communist leaders.

Which of the following is the correct name for the economic policy that supports stimulating the supply side of the economy through loosening corporate regulations in order to stimulate business profit and therefore investment, labor hiring, and pay?

trickle-down economics This definition best explains trickle-down economics.

Which of the following would be the most effective assignment to assess a student's ability to analyze the digging of the Erie Canal on the development of the Midwest and New York?

Create a cause-and-effect flow chart about the Erie Canal This is the best answer because the student must assess the causes of the Erie Canal and the effect, or impact, of the Erie Canal. Because the Erie Canal connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean, the impact of the Erie Canal on the Midwest is substantial.

Which of the following contributed to the continued spread and power of the Catholic Church long after the fall of Rome? Select all answers that apply.

-Charlemagne forced conversion to Christianity when conquering western and central Europe. Charlemagne united much of western and central Europe during a military conquest that ended in 800 CE. These conquered lands, referred to as the Frankish lands, united most of modern day Western Europe, excluding Spain. He was a religious man and at times forced people to convert to Christianity. -The Pope offered stability during the transition following the fall of Rome. As the Roman Empire fell into disarray, the Catholic Church brought a sense of unity and stability to the land. Village life revolved around the church.

In what ways does farming lead to specific cultural development of a community? Select all answers that apply.

-Farming increases food supplies enough to allow families to settle into permanent villages and develop relationships and traditions within their village. Families settled into permanent villages and developed a culture of settled existence, often developing common traditions and practices. c -Since adequate food production required less farmers, many people were free to dedicate their time elsewhere and develop other skills. Families that settled into permanent villages near farming land were able to increase their food supply while decreasing the number of dedicated farmers. The people that were not needed to farm could explore other ways to contribute to the community.

World War I ended with unresolved issues that are believed to have eventually led to WWII. Which of the following are included in this list? Select all answers that apply.

-Germany believed the Treaty of Versailles treated them unfairly. While it is true that Germany felt they were treated unfairly, it is also true that the countries remained bitter towards each other. - Many countries remained bitter and untrusting of each other after the war. Germany felt they were treated unfairly and many countries remained untrusting of each other after the war.

World War I ended with unresolved issues that are believed to have eventually led to WWII. Which of the following are included in this list? Select all answers that apply.

-Germany believed the Treaty of Versailles treated them unfairly. While it is true that Germany felt they were treated unfairly, it is also true that the countries remained bitter towards each other. -Many countries remained bitter and untrusting of each other after the war. Germany felt they were treated unfairly and many countries remained untrusting of each other after the war.

Which of the following tribes were located in North America?

-Iroquois The Iroquois were originally located in upstate New York, but eventually were spread throughout the northeastern US and eastern Canada. -Mohicans The Mohicans were located in northeastern North America, around the Hudson River. -Cherokee The Cherokee were located in the southeastern United States.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 had which of the following effects? Select all answers that apply.

-It outlawed discrimination by public accommodations (theaters, hotels, restaurants, etc.). The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is considered an important legislative accomplishment. The purpose of the Act was to end discriminatory practices by businesses and public services towards African Americans. -It encouraged desegregation of schools. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited racial discrimination and Title IV encouraged the end of segregation.

Which amendment prohibited the sale of alcohol in the United States?

18th Amendment The 18th Amendment prohibited alcohol and ushered in the era of prohibition.

The women's suffrage movement was organized after the Seneca Falls Convention in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. The convention is seen as the first organized step in the women's suffrage movement. What amendment finally gave women the right to vote, and in what year was it ratified?

19th Amendment, 1920 The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote and was ratified on August 18, 1920.

Herbert Hoover's focus on strengthening businesses in response to the Stock Market Crash of 1929 led to which of the following?

A perception that the depression was not as bad as it really was Since he focused on strengthening business spending, most Americans felt that the depression which began in 1929 was just a corrective to high levels of spending and they did not feel its full impact until 1930 and 1931.

Juneteenth is a celebration of what major event?

Abolition of slavery throughout the state of Texas Juneteenth is a holiday that celebrates the abolition of slavery in the state of Texas.

Which of the following is known for inventing the process to mass produce steel?

Bessemer Bessemer's process allowed locomotive rails to finally be made at competitive cost, greatly expanding rail networks after the Civil War.

In 1919, what United States constitutional amendment was passed, banning the consumption, production, or sale of alcohol in the United States?

Eighteenth Amendment The Eighteenth Amendment established prohibition of alcohol.

The 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments, passed during Reconstruction, extended civil and legal protections to which of the following groups?

Former slaves These three amendments were designed to provide legal rights and protections to the former slaves that had been freed by the Emancipation Proclamation and the Union Victory in the Civil War.

What drove the United States to enter World War I?

German U-boats sinking American ships Despite America trying to remain isolated from the war, on April 6, 1917, they entered the war in response to the sinking of American ships by German U-boats.

Who is credited with the development of the polio vaccine?

Jonas Salk Jonas Salk is the developer of the polio vaccine.

Which of the following best describes the long term impact of prohibition on Texas?

Local statutes vary and temperance is still a conflict in local governments across the state. Temperance continues to be a conflict with local statutes controlling the sale of alcohol.

All of the following are associated with the advancement of civil rights and civil liberties in the United States except:

Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi was an advocate for individual rights and freedoms across the globe but did not directly participate in the development of American civil liberties.

The conservative movement elected its clear leader when which United States President was elected?

Ronald Reagan in 1981 Ronald Reagan won a landslide victory for Republicans with the promise to minimize government, reduce inflation and bring about a new era to the Republican party.

All of the following led to the Civil War with the exception of:

Southern territorial expansion into Mexico. Southern states did not seek to directly expand into Mexico, but were conflicted about what to do with the territories gained by the United States from Mexico.

The US had not experienced domestic fighting and destruction as countries in Europe had. While other countries needed to spend money on rebuilding, the US was able to focus on production and manufacturing.

Texas was the first of the former Confederate states to ratify the 19th Amendment. Texas was the 9th state in the Union to ratify the 19th Amendment and the first of the former Confederate states to do so.

Which of the following statements are true regarding Texas' passing of the 19th Amendment, granting women the right to vote?

Texas was the first of the former Confederate states to ratify the 19th Amendment. Texas was the 9th state in the Union to ratify the 19th Amendment and the first of the former Confederate states to do so.

What novel is often considered influential in alerting the public to the need for increased regulation during the Progressive Movement of the late 1880s?

The Jungle In 1906, Upton Sinclair published The Jungle, his novel exposing the horrors of the meat-packing industry, which triggered a massive overhaul of food-safety regulations and a new focus on consumer protection.

What was the effect of World War I on the United States?

The United States emerged as a leading industrial world power. Because Europe sustained the majority of war debt and destruction, the United States was able to become an industrial leader and creditor for other countries needing to rebuild.

Confounding the hardships felt by Texans during the Great Depression was the event known as the Dust Bowl. Which of the following statements about the Dust Bowl is false?

The majority of those affected by the Dust Bowl were rural farmers, with urban areas able to avoid the devastation. The dust and economic challenges affected both rural and urban areas.

After the end of World War II, the Japanese Instrument of Surrender, which ended the war in the Pacific, contained which of the following provisions?

The right of the Japanese Emperor to rule became subject to the authority of the Allied Commander. The Emperor was able to retain his role but became subject to the Allied commander.

Which of the following best explains the importance of the Battle of Saratoga?

The victory in Saratoga convinced the French to support the Americans. The Battle of Saratoga is often credited as the turning point of the Revolutionary War in favor of the Americans. Due to the victory of America over the British, the French were convinced to recognize the independence of America and to give it military assistance. It is believed that this victory and ensuing French assistance made possible America's future success in the war.

Which of the following best describes the impact of the Intolerable Acts?

They spurred the creation of the First Continental Congress. The Intolerable Acts motivated previously hesitant colonists to formally assemble as a means to protest the British government, leading to the formation of the First Continental Congress.

Which of the following battles marked the beginning of the Texas Revolution?

The Battle of Gonzales in 1835 The Texas Revolution began at the Battle of Gonzales in 1835.

What was an unintended benefit of America joining the Allies in World War II?

Women's role in the workforce improved. During the war, women were needed in factories to take the place of the men who left to fight in the war. Even after the war, women continued to hold their places in the workforce and were seen as more than caregivers and homemakers.

All of the following are associated with the advancement of civil rights and civil liberties in the United States except:

a Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi was an advocate for individual rights and freedoms across the globe but did not directly participate in the development of American civil liberties.

All of the following were effects felt by Texas as a result of World War II, except:

a decrease in urban city centers as military bases pulled more people into rural areas. As Texas' population grew, urban city centers grew and the state was no longer mostly rural.

During the era of Reconstruction in the South after the Civil War, carpetbagger was a term usually associated with which of the following?

a northerner migrating to the South in the hopes of investing and capitalizing on economic opportunities after the Civil War The derogatory term refers to northern businessmen who moved south looking to capitalize on the South's economy. Southerners thought "carpetbaggers" were vultures who exploited the plight of the South for their gain.

As World War II was ending, Japan refused to surrender to the Allied Powers until:

atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The United States dropped two nuclear bombs on Japan in 1945, which led to the surrender of Japan.

What novel is often considered influential in alerting the public to the need for increased regulation during the Progressive Movement of the late 1880s?

c The Jungle In 1906, Upton Sinclair published The Jungle, his novel exposing the horrors of the meat-packing industry, which triggered a massive overhaul of food-safety regulations and a new focus on consumer protection.

All of the following are economic hardships faced by people all across the world during the Great Depression except:

decreased labor pool. Countries all around the world saw an increase in unemployment. If anything, the labor pool often went up.

The gender divide present in education throughout most of American history has led to which of the following consequences?

higher salaries for men than women in most fields The gender gap has only started to close in the last few decades. Currently, more women than men are enrolled in US universities, but the reality persists that men earn more than women in most fields.

Common Sense by Thomas Paine helped inspire which of the following?

the American Revolution Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense, which advocated independence from Great Britain and helped inspire the American Revolution.

Which of the following was a response to the Underground Railroad?

the Fugitive Slave Act The Underground Railroad sparked outrage among Southern states because they felt they were losing valuable property (slaves). In response to the increasing number of escaping slaves, the Fugitive Slave Act, passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, required all runaway slaves found in the United States be returned to their owners.

San Francisco grew from a backwater settlement to a major city of the American West due to which of the following?

the Gold Rush The Gold Rush was a mid-19th century episode which dramatically increased the population of California and helped San Francisco become a major commercial center.

Which singular event is often credited with sparking the beginning of World War I?

the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on June 28, 1914 The assassination of Franz Ferdinand of Austria is considered the event that sparked the outbreak of World War I. As a result, the Austrian government blamed Serbia for the assassination and declared war on Serbia.

The United States did not enter WWII until which of the following events?

the bombing of Pearl Harbor by Japan Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941, the United States joined the Allied Powers, officially entering WWII.

Which of the following can be identified as a world-wide impact of World War II?

the decolonization of Africa and Asia As the post-war global community became more nationalistic, one country after another began fighting for autonomy and representation in the United Nations through colonial revolts, resulting in a reduction of European colonies in Africa and Asia.

Which of the following was not one of the motivations for the form of Reconstruction pursued by Radical Republicans after the conclusion of the Civil War?

the desire to impeach President Andrew Johnson President Johnson was the first President to be impeached, not because of the Radical Republican Plan, but rather for the firing of Edwin Stanton. Stanton, the Secretary of War, was said to be in violation of the Tenure of Office Act. This occurred after the development of the Radical Republican Plan.

Dwight D. Eisenhower is most associated with which of the following?

the development of the interstate highway system Eisenhower led the push for an interstate highway system, which helped lead to modern suburban development throughout America.

In 1925, the John T. Scopes trial gripped the nation as it embodied the social conflict of the time between traditional values and a push for the loosening of social rules. What was the issue of this landmark case?

the legality of teaching evolution in school Scopes was found guilty of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited teachers from denying the Biblical account of mankind's origin. This case is still viewed as a stepping stone to eventually changing the law.

Which of the following was the greatest contributing factor to the start of the Great Depression?

the stock market crash in 1929 The stock market crash in 1929 led to a worldwide economic downturn.

The Cold War Era was marked by all the following except:

the use of nuclear weapons in small wars While both countries threatened the use of nuclear weapons, they were not used in the Cold War.

An Excerpt from "A Declaration of the Sentiments of the People of Hartford Regarding the Measures of the Abolitionists" And furthermore, we believe, and declare, that the conduct of the Abolitionists, in distributing their incendiary publications—not discussing the subject of slavery, but addressed only to the passions of a degraded and servile population—in the slave holding States, in violation of their laws and in contravention of the spirit of the constitution of the United States, which guarantees to each State the exclusive regulation of all local interests, including that of master and slave, is wholly unjustifiable—a contempt of public opinion, a flagrant outrage against the society which affords them protection, and a high offense against the principles of morality, because their whole conduct is predicated on a total recklessness of consequences, which can only proceed from depravity of heart or desperate infatuation. With these views of the subject, we declare our solemn conviction, that it is the duty of all good citizens, by word, deed and example, to condemn and discountenance the violent measures of the Abolitionists, and to use all reasonable and peaceable means, consistent with their own rights, to put an end to them; to restore quiet to the public mind, and harmony and confidence among the people of every section of our happy confederacy. HARTFORD, OCTOBER, 1835. Which of the following was the main purpose for writing this this document?

to encourage everyone to use their duties as citizens to condemn the work of the Abolitionists The beginning of the second paragraph makes it clear that the document is to encourage everyone to use their duties as citizens to condemn the work of the Abolitionists.

Suffragists such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton primarily campaigned to gain women the legal right to do which of the following?

vote The suffragists sought to gain the legal right for women to vote, which was achieved with the passage of the 19th amendment in 1920.

Which of the following geographic factors contributed to Italy's prosperity during the Crusades? Select all answers that apply.

-Italy's geographic access to naval routes provided the ability to establish trade between their ports and Middle Eastern ports. The naval routes between Italian ports and Middle Eastern Ports were an important part of trade between Europe and the Middle East. -Italy's central location between Europe and the Middle East lead to much of the trade between the two passing through Italy. Italy is centrally located between Europe and the Middle East, making it an important part of trade between the two.

Which of the following groups were targets of Nazi genocide during WWII? Select all answers that apply.

-Polish Nazi Germany committed genocide against those it deemed racially undesirable, including Jews, Romanis, Serbs, Poles, and people with disabilities. -people with disabilities Nazi Germany committed genocide against those it deemed racially undesirable, including Jews, Romanis, Serbs, Poles, and people with disabilities. -Jews Nazi Germany committed genocide against those it deemed racially undesirable, including Jews, Romanis, Serbs, Poles, and people with disabilities.

Which of the following were direct effects of the Scientific Revolution? Select all answers that apply.

-a renewed focus on deductive reasoning and the use of evidence The Scientific Revolution did lead to a renewed focus on deductive reasoning and the use of evidence. -diminished belief in the Church Since some of the scientific discoveries went against church teaching and were proven to be true, the Scientific Revolution diminished belief in the Church.

A teacher is working to increase engagement and communicate the value of the social sciences. Which TWO of the following are strategies that would further progress toward these goals? Select all answers that apply.

-incorporate current events into class instruction Incorporating the use of purposefully chosen current events can increase the students' understanding of how their class work is relevant to the "real" world. -use simulations when appropriate Simulations are an important way to help students explore events of the past and/or understand how certain institutions operate. They are a good option for increasing student engagement.

Which of the following are results of the Crusades? Select all answers that apply.

-wealthy italian merchants The Italian merchants established naval routes between their ports and Middle Eastern ports, then shipped the goods by land. The central location of Italy gave it a competitive advantage over other regions, allowing trade to flourish in the area. b -wealthy Arab traders Trade routes began forming through the Middle East, as this was the logical trade route. Because of this, Arabic traders controlled every trade route, resulting in Arabic traders becoming wealthy through their trade monopoly. -the influx of exotic goods from Asia flowing into Europe Demand was created for Asian goods, and merchants and traders began creating trade routes to bring Asian goods to Europe.

Which amendment can be attributed to the success of the Women's Rights Movement?

19th Amendment The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote, which was a main goal of the Women's Rights Movement.

Which of the following geographic factors favored the development of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China?

All four civilizations were located along the banks of major rivers. Each of the four civilizations developed around a large river. The main reason for settling near a large river is to take advantage of a close freshwater source. As the civilizations developed, they began diverting water for irrigation purposes. The rivers that the civilizations began next to were: the Nile in Egypt, the Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia, the Yellow and the Yangtze in China, and the Indus and the Ganges in India.

Who was the first European to explore the land of Texas and establish a relationship with Native American tribes in Texas?

Cabeza de Vaca Cabeza de Vaca was the first European explorer to explore more than just the coast of Texas. He was a member of the Narvaez expedition, which was shipwrecked in the Gulf and all but four members died. Cabeza explored Texas for many years and became well-known among the tribes as a healer.

Which of the following Native American tribes was located in the southeastern United States and is believed to have had no centralized government?

Cherokee The Cherokee were located in southeastern United States and had no central government.

During a presentation on the branches of government, a group of students state that "the executive branch is responsible for interpreting the laws created by the legislative branch." Based on this statement, which of the following feedback would be most appropriate for the teacher to provide?

Clarify the powers of the executive and judicial branches The executive branch is responsible for enforcing the laws created by the legislative branch. The judicial branch is responsible for interpreting the laws created by the legislative branch.

Which of the following nomadic Native American tribes utilized European horses in their buffalo hunting and during military activities?

Comanche Comanche Indians were known as fierce warriors who mastered the use of horses during battle and while hunting. They were a nomadic tribe that relied mainly on buffalo hunts and foraging for food and sustenance.

A second-grade teacher is planning a unit and wants to address the state standard that "the student understands multiple points of view and how they shaped historical research." Which of the following would best address this standard?

Compare various primary and secondary sources about a single notable event Comparing various primary and secondary sources will give the student multiple points of view, across a wide range of time periods, for a particular event. This is a great strategy to introduce students to multiple points of view.

Which of the following is considered the beginning of the Scientific Revolution?

Copernicus putting forth the idea that the universe was heliocentric When Copernicus wrote in his book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres that the universe was heliocentric, or sun-centered, rather than geocentric (Earth-centered), he sparked a new interest in science that is now considered the beginning of the Scientific Revolution.

Spain's desire to cultivate a thriving colony in the land of Texas resulted in which of the following?

Establishment of an immigration policy where "empresarios" would be given land in exchange for recruiting settlers to immigrate to Texas Spain's desire to increase the Spanish population in Texas led Spain to create a lucrative immigration system. Settlers would be given hundreds of acres of land and Spanish citizenship simply for relocating to Texas. This led to many Europeans and Americans migrating to Texas to get their own land.

Ms. Michaels wants to ensure that her sixth-grade social studies assessments are written in a way to best show true student mastery of the content. Which of the following should Ms. Michaels do to make her assessments as fair and representative of true learning as possible?

Evaluate included examples to ensure that they are culturally accessible to all students. This is an important aspect of creating a quality assessment.

Which of the following was not a major cause for the "Dust Bowl" in Texas and Oklahoma in the 1930s?

Farmers experimented with risky and unreliable irrigation projects. Farmers of the "Dust Bowl" era farmed using dry farming methods, depending on rain for their crops. In the drought years, erosion was caused by breaking the sod, and the lack of rain created a "Dust Bowl" situation. The reclamation projects guaranteed water to their lands with the construction of dams and irrigation systems.

Who invested in the first voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492?

Ferdinand and Isabella Ferdinand and Isabella funded Columbus' first voyage to the Americas.

Ms. Paulson is introducing the concept of being a responsible member of society to her first-grade students. One example she provides the class is how pollution in other parts of the world is also a problem for us here, emphasizing wind patterns, global debates, and how decisions we make where we live could also impact people very far from us. Why is this not a good way to introduce this topic?

For young students, information should be taught in concrete terms and with context that they can understand. Young students think in mostly concrete terms and grow to understand the world in a more symbolic, figurative way. Because of these early stages in development, young students will best understand concepts when framed in a context that they understand. For example, in teaching about society and being a productive member of society, it would be best framed in discussing a student's place within their family, school, and neighborhood.

When a student is beginning a research project, which of the following is the most appropriate first step?

Form an initial question about a research topic This is the best first step. Focusing the research question or topic will help to eliminate time lost on the irrelevant information, and help give direction to the study.

Mr. Mathers is teaching his class about the Louisiana Purchase. What social science should Mr. Mathers connect to this history lesson in order to best explain the importance of the Louisiana Purchase to the United States?

Geography A geography lesson focused on the Gulf of Mexico, specifically the port of New Orleans and its importance to shipping, would provide context for why the United States wanted to purchase the land.

Which of the following flags never flew over Texas?

Great Britain The country of Great Britain never laid claim to the lands in Texas.

Which of the following best describes the lasting impact of Lyndon B. Johnson's political career on Texas?

He influenced the establishment of Houston as an industrial and scientific research hub focused on space and aeronautics. While a senator, Lyndon B. Johnson worked to establish NASA and to center it in Houston.

Read the paragraph and answer the question: 1 George Washington was the first president of the United States and the only president ever to run unopposed. 2 This is because George Washington was popular among all Americans due to his leadership during the American Revolution. 3 Washington, respected and trusted by almost every American, was the unanimous choice to lead the nation as the first president under the Constitution of 1787. 4 Washington is also the only president to not affiliate with a political party. Which of the following research topics would be most appropriate in response to the above passage?

How successful was the presidency of George Washington? The paragraph is about the things that encouraged people to elect George Washington and the merits of Washington to lead the nation, so the best answer would be about the success of the presidency of Washington.

Ms. Fullmore intends to use a primary source document to introduce a new unit to her sixth-grade class. The text contains some challenging vocabulary. Which of the following would be the best approach to ensure her sixth-graders are able to comprehend the text?

Introduce and define unfamiliar vocabulary with the students before beginning the text. This would be the best way to make sure that new and/or challenging vocabulary does not interfere with student comprehension.

Which of the following is the most important question to ask of students when using a website as a research resource?

Is the author of the material reliable? This is the most important question because if the author is unreliable, then the remainder of the questions is irrelevant because the material cannot be trusted.

The religions of Islam, Judaism, and Christianity can all trace their founding to the Middle East. Of the following, which city holds the most historical importance for all three religions?

Jerusalem Jerusalem is of special importance to all three religions. Judaism holds the city as important because Israel's King David made Jerusalem the capital of Israel around 1000 BCE and his son, King Solomon, built Solomon's Temple, a lavish temple dedicated to God. Christian tradition holds Israel as important because it is where Jesus Christ was crucified and many important events in the life of Jesus and the early church happened within Jerusalem. Islamic tradition ranks Jerusalem as the third most important city because of the Prophet Muhammad's Night Journey, and Jerusalem being the first Qibla, or focal point of Muslim prayer.

Which of the following sets of European explorers were primarily focused on finding a westward route to Asia?

John Cabot, Henry Hudson, and Christopher Columbus John Cabot was searching for a westward way to get to Asia. Henry Hudson was searching for an ice-free passage to Asia. Christopher Columbus was searching for a sea route to Asia by sailing west.

A social studies teacher asks her students to research the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Their initial question was "What happened on the Lewis and Clark Expedition?" After doing background research their question is now "What new things might Lewis and Clark have encountered when they first explored the terrain?" Of the following, which would be the best next step in the research process?

Locate the journals of Lewis and Clark The use of an autobiography would be the best option as it is the most reliable firsthand account of a situation.

Which President is commonly considered the architect of the Great Society?

Lyndon Johnson Lyndon Johnson promoted the legislation that would be deemed "The Great Society." The legislation created domestic programs with two goals: the elimination of poverty and the end of racial injustice. Major aspects of the legislation would be the creation of Medicare and Medicaid and the expansion of welfare programs.

Who led the Communists in China during the Revolution of 1949?

Mao Zedong Mao Zedong led the Communist group and declared the creation of the People's Republic of China.

Which pairing best describes the purpose for the establishment of that colony?

New Amsterdam - to become a major area of business and trade New Amsterdam was established with the goal of becoming a major area of business and trade.

The Tennessee Valley Authority The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation The Works Progress Administration The Civilian Conservation Corps All of the above social programs were enacted as:

New Deal programs. The programs listed are New Deal programs.

Which of the following is thought to be the first Mesoamerican civilization?

Olmec The Olmec civilization was the first Mesoamerican civilization.

When teaching the students about the three branches of the government and checks and balances, which of the following would be the best way to make this information relatable to the students?

Organize a simulation with students playing roles within the different branches, and passing legislation. A simulation would be engaging for students and let them experience the process of passing laws and governing.

The New Deal was most influenced by which political ideology?

Progressivism Progressives advocated for social, political, and economic reform through state avenues. The New Deal was wide-sweeping legislation that aimed to stabilize the US economy.

When a student has formed an initial question for a research topic, which of the following would be the most appropriate next step?

Research what others have found and written about the initial question This is the best step after forming an initial question because a student can find what else has been written on the topic.

Which former governor of Texas also served as the President of the Republic of Texas?

Sam Houston Sam Houston was a political and military leader and fought for Texas independence in the Texas Revolution. Houston was elected president of the independent nation in 1836. After the state was annexed into the United States, Houston first served as a senator before being elected governor in 1859.

Fascism grew as the central form of government in the 1920s and 1930s in all of the following countries except:

Soviet Union The Communist Party was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union.

A sixth-grade student is researching the Civil War and has read two conflicting secondary sources about the motivations of Abraham Lincoln in issuing the Emancipation Proclamation. He asks the teacher how he can find which secondary source is most accurate in the matter. Which of the following responses by the teacher would be most appropriate?

Suggesting to the student to read the primary sources quoted by the secondary sources so the student can draw an independent conclusion This is the best answer. If a student has two conflicting reports and motivations, reading the primary sources of the secondary sources will provide detail and allow the student to deduce their own conclusions.

Mr. Thompson is assigning his class a research project and is able to provide computer access to students throughout the process. Which of the following is the LEAST effective way to incorporate technology into the research project?

Teach a lesson on using research databases and require that all sources come from the one database provided by the librarian. Part of the role of the teacher in this lesson is to train students on how to evaluate sources. Limiting the research to one source will effectively remove the responsibility of evaluating sources form students. Instead, the teacher could require varied sources and teach the students to evaluate the sources for reliability and bias

Which of the following is true regarding Texas's historical political alignment?

The Democratic Party dominated Texas politics until the 1990s when it shifted into a primarily Republican controlled state. Since the late 1960s the Republican Party has grown more prominent within the state based on a movement of primarily white voters (the majority in the state). Between 1980 and 2000, the Democrats and Republicans shared control of political offices in the state, but the shift of power to the Republicans held steady, and since 1994, Republicans have held every statewide office in Texas.

Mr. Jones provides the political cartoon seen here to his students to analyze. What conclusion is he aiming for his students to form?

The Europeans spread diseases to the Native Americans while trading for goods. During the Columbian Exchange, the Native Americans were exposed to diseases from the Europeans, wiping out large populations.

Which of the following European powers first settled Manhattan, New York?

The Netherlands The Netherlands (sometimes called Holland or the Dutch) purchased the island of Manhattan from the local Indians and established a trading port in 1613. New York was originally called "New Amsterdam."

Which of the following is a reason that the United States emerged as the world industrial leader after World War I?

The US had not experienced domestic fighting and destruction as countries in Europe had. While other countries needed to spend money on rebuilding, the US was able to focus on production and manufacturing.

Standardized assessment exams for social studies will often require students to interpret multiple viewpoints of a topic from various authors. Which of the following skills should a social studies teacher promote to develop this skill?

The ability to compare and contrast literature excerpts This is the best option because students will have to read various excerpts from authors and decide how they are similar and different, and then apply the excerpts to a specific situation.

The period between 5th century and 13th century CE in Europe is known as The Dark Ages. Which of the following best describes why this period is known as The Dark Ages?

The culture experienced a deterioration. The Dark Ages refers to Medieval Europe from the 6th century to 13th century. The term refers to the cultural deterioration of Europe between the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Renaissance. Characteristics of the Dark Ages include a lack of literature creation, written history, architectural innovation, and general cultural achievements.

What was the purpose and outcome of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848?

The purpose of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 was to call attention to the grievances of women. The outcome of the convention was the "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolution." The purpose of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, the first women's rights convention, was to call attention to to women's grievances about being deprived of social, civil, and religious rights. The outcome of the convention was the "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolution" (sometimes called the "Declaration of Sentiments"), which demanded equal social status and legal rights for women, including the right to vote, and is considered to be the beginning of the Women's Suffrage Movement.

Which of the following best describes the importance of a primary source?

They help researchers gain first-hand accounts and insights into a situation and allow researchers to draw conclusions based on the account Primary sources provide valuable first-hand accounts and insights.

The ancient cities of London, Rome, and Alexandria all share what common feature that encouraged settlement and urban growth?

They were served by navigable river systems. All three were served by large river systems, which allow for easy navigation, transport, and trade.

Which of the following factors best explains the power of the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages?

Those who disapproved of Church doctrine were excommunicated. The power of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages (5th century to the 14th century) was derived from the power to excommunicate people from the Church. Excommunication meant the person was not a part of the Church, could not take communion, and was eternally damned to hell. The belief that the Church could dictate a person's eternal destiny was a strong power. Furthermore, being excommunicated would result in an ostracism, or expulsion, from society.

Once a student has thoroughly researched a subject topic, which of the following would be the most appropriate next step?

To form a conclusion and present the conclusion in a written paper or formal presentation This is the best answer because at the end of research, it is best for a student to compile their findings for presenting to the teacher and class.

Mrs. Adams is beginning instruction on WWII in her history class. How could the English teacher best support this instruction by connecting their two disciplines?

Use Night, a Holocaust memoir, as the text for their upcoming genre study of memoirs. Using Night to fulfill the English standards is good way for the English class to provide further context for the information being taught in the social studies class about WWII.

Who led the Bolshevik party, a Russian group fighting for radical and elitist revolution?

Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Lenin is credited with being the leader of the Bolshevik party.

A social studies teacher wants to address the social studies theme of time, continuity, and change. Which of the following questions for a sixth-grade elementary class would be most appropriate to address this theme?

Why did the demand for oil increase with the mass production of the automobile? The question by the teacher requires an understanding of time and change. This answer requires students to assess the change in the demand for oil over a time period and how an event in time (mass production of the automobile) dramatically changed the demand for oil.

A sixth-grade teacher is planning a lesson on the Constitution. Which of the following would be the most appropriate primary source to use when presenting the lesson?

a copy of the Constitution A copy of the Constitution would be the best primary source in a lesson about the Constitution.

The Civil Rights movement in America in the 1950s and 1960s was advanced through a series of activist-led events. Which of the following is considered a part of the Civil Rights movement?

all of the above All of these events are important events in the Civil Rights movement.

Mr. Everett is having his students research a historical figure and present their research to the class in a ten-minute oral presentation. Which of the following resources would be the best primary resources to begin with?

an autobiography An autobiographical study is work done in the author's own words and is a primary source. This is the best starting point as the student will be exposed to the closest source for events in the figure's life.

Which of the following would be classified as a secondary source?

an encyclopedia article on the Battle of the Coral Sea An encyclopedia article on a battle - such as the Battle of the Coral Sea - is an example of a secondary source, something that builds on information from primary sources.

The Columbian Exchange resulted in:

an increase in dietary choices in both Europe and the Americas. This is the best answer because new crops were brought from America to Europe, and vice-versa. This allowed farmers to grow a wider variety of crops, resulting in an increase in dietary choices.

Which of the following is not one of the 8 essential knowledge and skills identified in the TEKS for social studies instruction?

anthropology While there may be some standards that related to anthropology, it is not listed as one of the 8 essential knowledge and skills identified in the TEKS for social studies instruction.

The failed foreign policy taken by the United States and Britain when Germany continued to invade surrounding countries is known as:

appeasement Appeasement is a foreign policy of pacifying an aggrieved nation through negotiation, in an attempt to prevent war.

Which of the following describes how the Crusades led to the Renaissance?

c Trade with Asia was stimulated by Crusaders bringing back Asian goods. As more goods were brought back, the nobles of Europe began to demand more Asian goods. Merchants began establishing trade routes to fulfill the demand and, along with Asian goods, brought back literature from ancient Greece and Rome that had been preserved by Byzantine and Arabic scholars.

What skill is covered at all levels of social studies instruction, according to the TEKS?

critical thinking Critical thinking is taught in various ways and at varying levels throughout all Socials Studies instruction.

Which of the following is the best example of a benefit of the rise of globalism?

increase in technological innovations As countries have increasingly worked together and shared knowledge and information, developments in the technology industry have skyrocketed.

Which of the following was not an effect of Pearl Harbor?

increased European immigration Increased European immigration was not an effect of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Which of the following best describes the primary goal of the first French explorers of North America?

discover a western sea route to trade with Asia Jacques Cartier was the first Frenchman to explore North America. He was sent in 1534, by commission of the French king, to find a western passage to the lucrative markets of Asia. A secondary goal of Cartier, and subsequent French explorers, was establishing land claims for France. Eventually the land claims proved to be profitable and the hope of finding a western passage was discarded. As more French explorers claimed North American land and established forts for France, French missionaries and adventurers migrated to the New World to convert Indians and capitalize on the emerging lucrative fur trade.

Which of the following is the primary economic reason for the initial exploration of the Americas by European powers in the 15th and 16th centuries?

discovering a western sea route to trade with China Trade between Asia and Europe was dominated by Italian merchants. Other European nations, especially along the Atlantic coast, wanted to find a direct trade route that eliminated middlemen from trade between their nations and Asia.

The settlers of Jamestown Colony came to the New World seeking ______, while those who came later and settled at Plymouth were in search of ______.

economic prosperity; religious freedom The settlers at Jamestown came to form an economic enterprise, while those who came to Plymouth came primarily to find a place they could freely practice their faith.

What is the most important consequence of the European crusades that sought to reclaim the Holy Lands in the name of Christendom?

established trade with Asia The Crusades led to an established trade with Europe and Asia. This trade led to the knowledge of Ancient Greece and Rome to be reintroduced to Europe through Arab traders, igniting the Renaissance and Age of Exploration.

Which of the following did the Columbian Exchange bring from Europe to the Native Americans in Texas?

horses Horses were brought from Europe to the Americas.

In what way did the Silk Road play a role in ending the Dark Ages, leading to the Renaissance?

increased the exchange of both goods and ideas between regions The Silk Road both allowed for trade between China and Europe, but also re-opened trade between Europe and the Muslim empires, which had protected the documents from Greek and Roman philosophers and mathematicians. The educational advancements of ancient civilizations began to pour back into Europe, making the Renaissance possible.

Mrs. Sims wants to demonstrate to her students how the price of gasoline has increased over time. Which of the following graphs would best help Mrs. Sims visually demonstrate this concept?

line graph Line graphs are great ways to show change over time. In this graph, the y-axis would be the cost the x-axis would be time.

The English desire for colonies in the Americas was directly influenced by:

mercantilism and the creation of joint-stock companies. Mercantilism was an economic philosophy that measured a nation's wealth by the amount of gold it owned. In response to this philosophy, nations wanted to export more and import less (exports bring gold in, imports send gold out of the country). Nations began investing in colonies to diversify their resource production in order to maximize exports and minimize imports.

Mr. Parretto wants to encourage his students to identify bias in the media. He presents the class with the following excerpt from the school newspaper: The school board made the decision on Thursday night to cut the library's media budget. The budget cuts will affect the library's ability to purchase new audio/visual equipment and could result in a reduction of hours for student workers. One student worker was quoted saying, "The budget cut will hurt students trying to make money after school. I don't know where else I can find a job." The judgment was pronounced Thursday night in a vote of 7-2. The budget cuts to the library are expected to prevent further cuts to athletic departments. Which of the following best identifies the form of bias in the newspaper article?

negativity bias Negativity bias occurs when the focus of a piece focuses only, or predominantly, on the negative aspects without regard to positive aspects. The excerpt focuses only on the negative aspects of the budget cuts and barely mentions that it was to save the athletic department. The article does not mention how students with saved after-school programs feel about the budget cuts.

Japan and Germany, although being badly damaged in World War II, have since grown to be among the strongest economies in the world. All of the following have attributed to their growth, except:

oversupply of exports from decreased consumerism. Consumerism actually increased due to the promise of post-war economic stability.

Which of the following best describes the dwellings of the Caddo tribe?

permanent homes made of wood frames and mud walls Members of the Caddo tribe lived in permanent homes made of wood frames and mud walls.

Which of the following is the greatest contributing factor to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 4th century?

pressure on the northern frontiers by Germanic tribes and the decline of central authority The fall of the Western Roman Empire is marked by a series of events beginning in the late 4th century. Many of these markers, such as the deaths of emperors, resulted in political instability. Also, Germanic tribes in the northern regions began to recapture many Roman lands and apply pressure on the northern borders of Rome, eventually succeeding in 410 and 455.

During social studies instructions, students will often encounter new, unfamiliar words. There are many ways the teacher can support student vocabulary development. Which of the following is the LEAST effective way to support student understanding of new vocabulary?

provide dictionaries for student use during class Providing dictionaries, without specific expectations or structured vocabulary instruction, would be the least effective way to support vocabulary development in a social studies class.

Which of the following best describes the Hopi tribe?

resided in compact villages called pueblos The Hopi tribe were peaceful people who lived in villages called pueblos.

Which of the following best describes the predominant characteristic in which the first civilizations in the Fertile Crescent and Asia emerged?

river valleys that contained abundant fertile soil and freshwater The two most important factors of survival are water and food. Cities must be able to provide both in abundance for a large urban population. Founding cities by fresh water and fertile soil allows the residents of those cities to get sufficient water and food easily.

Which of the following led directly to the relocation of large numbers of Africans to the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries?

slavery The vast majority of Africans who came to the New World during the colonial period came as slaves, either brought with their masters from Europe or captured and sold into slavery in the Americas.

Which of the following was an unintended effect of the Crown requiring alcaldes to seek permission before making changes in their towns?

slow development Alcaldes had to seek permission from the Crown before making any substantial changes. While this solidified the Crown's control over its colonies, it also became a major barrier to their development.

Which of the following hunted and trapped beaver in the lucrative fur trade in North America?

the French The French, in search of fur, explored the land around the Great Lakes and down the Mississippi River and eventually settled the land. French settlements and forts focused on establishing trade relations with the local Indian tribes; the French did not want to establish agricultural settlements and fight with Indians over land claims. The priority of trading with the Indians over land claims resulted in generally positive relationships between the French settlers and Native Americans they encountered.

Growing isolationism in the United States during World War I led to which of the following?

the US Senate choosing to reject the Treaty of Versailles The US Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles, partly because it contained a requirement for mutual defense of Allied nations. The isolationism of many in the United States caused great concern about any potential 'foreign entanglements.'

The major issue for the Mexican-American War was:

the disputes over the location of the border between the U.S. and Mexico. After the Texas Revolution of 1836, Texas declared itself independent of Mexico and was recognized as a sovereign country by the United States and several European countries. However, the Mexican government never formally acknowledged Texas's independence. In 1845, the United States annexed Texas into the Union. The annexation upset Mexico because they felt Texas was still a Mexican state. The result of the disagreement was the Mexican-American War in 1846. The end of the war resulted in the Mexican government agreeing that the border between Mexico and the U.S. was the Rio Grande.

The Columbian Exchange refers to which of the following?

the exchange of plants, animals, crops, culture, people, and ideas between the Old and New Worlds following Columbus' expeditions The Columbian Exchange is the name given to the transfers of people, cultures, and ideas, as well as of plants and animals, between the Americas, Europe, and Africa following Columbus's discovery of the New World.

What action by Adolf Hitler prompted the beginning of World War II?

the invasion of Poland September 1st, 1939, Adolf Hitler invaded Poland after being warned to not proceed by the US. The result was another world war.

An important feature of the Renaissance was its emphasis on:

the literature of Greece and Rome. "Renaissance" means rebirth; the term Renaissance, as applied to the 15th and 16th centuries, refers to the renewal and discovery of Greek and Roman learning. The ideas, philosophy, and knowledge of Ancient Rome and Greece were rediscovered in Europe and led to a period of great intellectual advancement. The Renaissance is considered a pivotal time in history because of the intellectual advancements of the period.

Which of the following contributions from the Byzantine Empire was important in organizing the governments of Western Europe during the Renaissance period?

the organization and preservation of Roman law Justinian I (482-527), emperor of the Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire, sought to return the Roman Empire to its classical glory. He ordered his generals and governors to retake the lost lands of the Western Roman Empire and he consolidated and rewrote the Roman laws. These laws, commonly known as the Justinian Code, set an example for judicial systems across the world and still influence civil law today.

The Columbian Exchange best refers to:

the trade routes established between Europe and the "New World" discovered by Columbus. The Columbian Exchange refers to the trade routes established between Europe and the land Columbus found. It is called the Columbian Exchange because Columbus pioneered the trading.

What was the main reason that the United States fought in the Korean War?

to prevent the spread of communism During the Cold War era, the United States fought many wars for the anti-communist regime against communist leaders. The first of these was the Korean War.

A sixth-grade geography teacher has introduced a unit on South America. For one assignment in the unit she asks students to choose a cultural element like art, music, or literature from the area for research. Following the research, she asks the class to write a paragraph explaining how they think the environment may have influenced their researched topics. Why does the teacher ask this question at the end?

to provide an opportunity for students to think critically about their research Social studies skills are particularly important in ensuring that students become critically-thinking lifelong learners, capable of researching and evaluating the answers to their questions. This activity helps them go a step beyond just collecting information, to considering how different ideas in the unit relate to one another.

Which of the following best captures the purpose of the Mission system in California?

to spread Spanish culture and religion among the Native Americans in California The missions were run by Spanish Catholic priests in the hopes of converting the Native Americans to Catholicism and assimilate them into Spanish culture.

Which of the following programs was NOT enacted during the New Deal?

welfare benefits Welfare was first instituted during the Great Society in the 1960s under the leadership of Lyndon B. Johnson.