SYSEN 550 Final Exam Study

A paradigm is: A. consensually held beliefs that define a theory B. a residual puzzle within a theory C. a perfect model of a theory D. an unchangeable element of a theory

A

A problem with Teresa Amabile's 3-point definition of creativity is: A It assumes few people are creative B It assumes most people are creative C It assumes the adaptive style of creativity is more successful D It doesn't take level into account at all

A

A-I Theory proposes that people: A. Have a cognitive style located on a continuum B. are either adaptors or innovators

A

According to Kuhn, during periods of normal science: A the current paradigm is refined and modified B the current paradigm is entirely replaced C the current paradigm goes unchanged D the paradigm is of less importance

A

Discrimination is: A required for learning B unimportant for problem solving C always limiting

A

In carrying out the Scientific Method: A. Deduction can be adaptive or innovative B. Adaptors will always have the advantage C. Innovators will always have an edge D. Low level people have no contribution to make

A

The primary advantage of learning as compared to instinct (as a strategic response to change) is that: A it is very flexible B it is instantly available C it takes time to acquire D it requires the ability to discriminate

A

The use of deferents and epicycles by Ptolemy and his followers to explain the observed behavior of the planets is an example of: A normal science B low level science C a scientific revolution D Science in crisis

A

We believe that Tycho Brahe can be characterized as a more adaptive scientist because: A. of his painstaking observations of the heavens B. he preferred to work alone C. astronomy is a more adaptive science D. he lived during a period of normal science in astronomy

A

When we learn a technique that simulates a style different from our own: A We increase our manifest level B We increase our potential level C We change our preferred style permanently D None of the above

A

A person's preferred cognitive style: A. is set by one's close family B. may be different at work than at home C. will be the same in all contexts D. can be altered by using coping behavior

C

Adaption-Innovation (A-I) theory describes cognitive style as: A a person's ability to make change B a person's willingness to make any changes at all C a person's preferred way of bringing about change D how a person copes with change

C

If the boundary of a concept changes too frequently, it will be difficult for an individual to find meaning in that concept. On the other hand, if the boundary of a concept is not flexible enough to accommodate new, relevant data, the concept will not be useful. This situation is an example of: A the pendulum of change B rule-based learning C the paradox of structure D science in crisis

C

Which of the following is NOT part of Rhodes' schema for problem solving: A Process B Person C Purpose D Product

C

Which of the following statements is NOT true: A. A paradigm is a form of structure. B. A concept is a form of structure. C. Innovators can manage without mental structure. D. Communication depends on agreed cognitive structure.

C

Within the Cognitive Function Schema, Cognitive Effect: A. houses the knowledge required to solve problems B. selects the problem to be solved C. carries out the detailed problem solving process D. contains techniques for problem solving

C

According to Kirton, the principal elements of problem solving are: A boundary, elements, and order B construction, learning, and instinct C creativity, innovation, and change D style, level, motive, and opportunity

D

In response to a particular technical domain: A. Adaptors frequently challenge the core assumptions B. Adaptors will only produce ideas inside the boundary C. Innovators will only produce ideas outside the boundary D. Innovators tend to view fine-tuning at the core unappealing

D

In their (separate) research, both Parkhurst and Amabile concluded that: A. there is little debate about the definition of creativity B. a precise definition of creativity is impossible to achieve C. creativity is not important enough to warrant a precise definition D. the definition of creativity needs to be improved upon

D

The Scientific Method is an example of: A A technique B An experiment C An opportunity D A process

D

The popular view of creative people often resembles: A high level, high Adaptation B high level, mild Adaptation C low level, high Innovation D high level, high Innovation

D

To make the best use of problem solving techniques, Kirton suggests that: A Problem solvers understand the nature of the problem first B Problem solvers learn a variety of techniques C Problem solvers practice all techniques, even those that simulate their style D All of the choices

D

When asked to produce as many ideas as possible: A Young people will always do best B People in authority will excel C High (style) innovators always have the advantage D High level, high adaptors might produce most

D

When it comes to dealing with rules: A Adaptors always abide by them B Innovators always break them C Intelligent people don't need them D Adaptors appreciate them more readily

D

Within the Cognitive Function Schema, Cognitive Affect: A contains cognitive style B carries out the detailed problem solving process C houses the knowledge required to solve problems D selects the problem to be solved

D

According to A-I theory, Creativity and Innovation are the same thing: TRUE OR FALSE

FALSE

Within Guilford's 5-step model of the thinking process, Divergence is the same as Innovation: TRUE OR FALSE

FALSE

According to Kirton, intuition: A is always in conflict with reason B is reason at high speed C is more creative than reason D does not depend on reason

B

Coping behavior: A Can eventually cause a change in preferred style, if practiced long enough B Requires effort in proportion to duration and distance from preferred style C Requires less effort when a more adaptive person is doing the coping D Is only required by more innovative people in adaptive climates

B

For creativity to occur: A it is best to have as little structure as possible B some amount of structure is required C innovators must be involved D you must have a well-defined problem

B

Which of the following is NOT an example of manifest level? A management competency B aptitude for mathematics C years of experience D communication skills

B

Which of the following is NOT an example of potential level? A aptitude B experience C intelligence D innate talent

B

According to A-I theory, the correlation between cognitive style and intelligence is expected to be (ideally):

ZERO