Term List 2: The Skull
Pituitary Fossa
A depression in the sella turcica of the sphenoid that houses the pituitary gland
What term refers to the large, flat surface of the frontal bone? A. Frontal Crest B. Zygomatic Process C. Calvaria D. Squama
D. Squama
Mastoid Notch
Deep groove on medial aspect of mastoid process
Pterygoid Hamulus
a hook like process that serves as a site for muscle attachment at the end of the medial pterygoid plates
Squamous Portion
the largest portion of the occipital bone
Occipital Condyles
the ovular structures on either side of the foramen magnum, articulate superiorly to the 1st vertebrae
Superciliary Arches
(brow ridges) bony protrusion on the frontal bone superior to orbits; more prominent in males
The ethmoid notch is part of which cranial bone? A. Ethmoid B. Temporal C. Frontal D. Occipital
C. Frontal
Mandible
lower jaw
Incisive Foramen/Canal
the "hole" located on the palatine process of the maxilla, just behind the teeth
Perpendicular Plate
the anterior, superior part of the nasal septum
What is the area of the temporal bone where condyles of the mandible articulate in the temperomandibular joint with the skull referred to as? A. Glenoid Fossa B. Pituitary Fossa C. Lacrimal Groove D. Cerebellar Fossa
A. Glenoid Fossa
Which suture runs medially on the cranium towards the occipital bone that separates the left and right parietal bones? A. Sagittal Suture B. Basilar Suture C. Metopic Suture D. Coronal Suture
A. Sagittal Suture
What term refers to a groove or hole located on the rim of the orbit that serve the function of transmitting nerves and blood vessels? A. Supraorbital Notch/Foramina B. Meningeal Groove C. Striae D. Superciliary Arch
A. Supraorbital Notch/Foramina
What term applies to the cloud-shaped cavities that are unique to every individual located on the front of the cranium? A. Sigmoid Sulcus B. Frontal Sinus C. Glenoid Fossa D. Calotte
B. Frontal Sinus
The ___________________ suture joins the occipital and parietal bones on the posterior portion of the cranium. A. Squamosal Suture B. Lambdoidal Suture C. Coronal Suture D. Basilar Suture
B. Lambdoidal Suture
The feature that divides the mandible on its anterior region that is on the mandible's midline is known as _________________________. A. Mandibular Torus B. Mandibular Condyle C. Mandibular Symphysis D. Mental Spine
C. Mandibular Symphysis
The S-shaped grooves on the ectocranial surface of the cranium, located laterally to the foramen magnum on both sides, is referred to as what? A. Sagittal Sulcus B. Palatine Process C. Sigmoid Sulcus D. Optic Canals
C. Sigmoid Sulcus
Which suture runs laterally from the left to right side of the cranium that separates the frontal and parietal bones? A. Sagittal Suture B. Basilar Suture C. Metopic Suture D. Coronal Suture
D. Coronal Suture
What 3 features are located on the midline of the body of the sphenoid, that make up the entire "saddle"? A. Pterygoid plates, malleus, pituitary fossa B. Dorsum sellae, cribiform plate, optic canal C. Ramus, dorsum sellae, sella turcica D. Sella turcica, pituitary fossa, dorsum sellae
D. Sella turcica, pituitary fossa, dorsum sellae
True or False: Meningeal grooves are located on the ectocranial surface of the cranium and process anteriorly.
False, meningeal grooves are located on the endocranial surface of the cranium and process posteriorly, and are grooves to house the arteries in the brain.
the large hole at the base of the skull
Foramen Magnum
The _______________________________ is the bony protuberance on the anterior portion of the mandible that makes up the chin on an individual.
Mental Eminence
Which suture runs parallel, or in the same direction, to the temporal lines?
Squamosal Suture
Cribriform Plate
The horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone separating the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity.
Lacrimal Groove/Canal
The maxilla combines with the lacrimal bone to form this?
Supraorbital Margins
The superior rim of the eye socket located on the frontal bone
True or False: The greater wings of the sphenoid can be seen laterally on the ectocranial surface on the cranium's sides.
True
Anterior Nasal Spine
a sharp and thin projection, located at the midline of your nasal bone
Posterior Nasal Spine
a sharp spine located on the superior surface of the horizontal plate
Crista Galli
a sharp, triangular projection of the cribriform plate
Vomer
a small and thin bone that divides the nasal cavity
Ethmoid
a spongy bone located between the eye orbits
Zygomatic Process
a zygomatic projection that forms much of your cheek
Mental Spine
are small ridges on the inner surface of the mandible; serve for attachment of certain chin muscles
Maxilla (2)
articulates inferiorly to the frontal bone, functions to hole the tooth roots
Housed by the Petrous Pyramid
auditory ossicles (Incus, Malleus, Stapes)
Frontal Crest
bony crest running medially on the endocranial surface of the frontal bone at the anterior end of the sagittal sulcus
Canine Jugum
bony eminence at the maxillary canine root
Mandibular Torus
bony growths located on the inside (lingual) portion of the mandible
Pterygoid Plates
bony projections on the inferior side of the sphenoid; attachment sites for muscles that move the mandible and soft palate
Calotte
calvaria without the base; skull cap without any other portion of the cranium
Sphenoidal Sinus
cavity located within the sphenoid, inferior to the sella turcica
Calvaria
cranium without the facial skeleton (splanchnocranium)
Temporal Lines
curved ridges of bone on the lateral sides of the cranium, superior to the zygomatic bones and run posteriorly towards parietals
Pterygoid Fossae
depression between the medial and lateral pterygoid plates
External Auditory (Acoustic) Meatus (EAM)
ectocranial portion of ear canal
Skull
entire bony framework of the head; includes mandible and cranium
Inferior Nasal Conchae
extend horizontally to form part of lateral walls of nasal cavity
Temporal Process
extends posteriorly, joins the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form the "zygomatic arch"
Zygomatic Process of Temporal Bone
extension from the temporal bone that forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch
Zygomatic Process of Frontal Bone
extension of frontal bone that articulates with zygomatic bone at lateral border of orbit
Splanchnocranium
facial portion of skull
Frontal Process
feature of the maxilla that articulates to the frontal bone
Parietal Foramen
foramen for arteries from brain; sometimes occurs near the corner of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures
Parietal Notch
formed by the posterosuperior border of the temporal where the squamosal and parietomastoid sutures meet; posterior angle above mastoid process
Palatine Process
forms 2/3rds of the hard palate and the floor of the nasal cavity
Body of Sphenoid
forms the central axis of the sphenoid; most substantial portion
Horizontal Plate
forms the posterior of 3rd of the hard palate
Optic Canals
holes on both sides of the body of the sphenoid; optic nerves run through these canals
Orbital Plate
horizontal portion of the frontal bone; upper margin of the orbits
The feature on the endocranial surface on the petrous pyramid that leads into the skull from the external auditory meatus is known as the _______________________.
internal auditory (acoustic) meatus
Mandibular Condyle
large, rounded, articular prominence on the posterior corner of the ramus; articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
Inferior Nuchal Lines
located inferiorly, horizontal line running the squamous portion of the occipital bone
Superior Nuchal Lines
located superiorly, horizontal line running the squamous portion of the occipital bone
Petrous Pyramid
massive, triangular, and dense bony feature that is located on endocranial side of the temporal bone
Sella Turcica
means "Turkish saddle"; saddle-shaped and located medially on the body of the sphenoid, houses the pituitary gland
Cerebellar Fossae
on the endocranial skull, house the cerebellar lobes of the brain, located at the inferior part of the occipital bone
Cerebral Fossae
on the endocranial skull, this house the occipital lobes, this feature is located superiorly to the cerebellar fossae
Mental Foramen
paired openings on the body of the mandible; lateral to the midline, sides of chin
Carotid Canal
passageway for internal carotid artery; medial to the styloid processes
Styloid Process
pole/toothpick-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull
Cranium
portion of the skull that encloses the brain; does NOT include mandible
Greater Wings
posterior and inferior to lesser wings on the interior of the skull, also visible in the posterior orbit and lateral sides of the skull
Dorsum Sellae
ridge of bone at posterior edge of sella turcica
Frontal Process
rises vertically, separates the eye orbit from the temporal fossa
Masseteric Origin
roughened, expanded inferior edge of the bone
Mastoid Process
round bony projection on the temporal behind the ear; roughened for muscle attachment
Alveolar Process
running horizontally on the maxilla, function to hold the tooth roots
Nasals (2)
small thin bones that make up the "top" portion of your nose
Lacrimals (2)
small thin bones that make up the medial walls of the eye orbits
Striae
small, beveled striations on the bone
Fontanelles
soft spots normally present on the skull of a newborn where cranial sutures intersect
Basilar Suture
suture on the bottom of the cranium in front of the foramen magnum; joins sphenoid and palatine bones
Squamosal Suture
suture that runs between parietal and temporal bones on lateral portions of the cranium; unusual, scaled suture that overlay
Zygomatics (2)
the bones that form the prominent corners (cheeks) of the face.
Neurocranium
the braincase; encloses the brain
Metopic Suture
the cranial suture that passes between unfused frontal halves and rarely persists into adulthood
Cruciform Eminence
the cross like feature that divides the occipital squama into 4 fossae
Bosses
the highest, most protruding points located on the frontal and parietal bones
Maxillary Sinus
the large hole in the body of the maxillary bone, houses your sinus
Orbital Surface
the plate formed by the greater wing of the sphenoid bone that makes up most of the lateral wall of the orbit
Basilar Part
the thick square-like projection anterior to the foramen magnum
Palatines (2)
these bones articulate to form the rear of the hard palate and the wall and floor of the nasal cavity.
Perpendicular Plate
thin bone running below the alae
Maxillary Process
this feature articulates to the maxilla
Sagittal Sulcus
vertical groove that runs down the midline of the endocranial surface
Ramus
vertical portion of the mandible that rises above the level of the teeth
External Occipital Protuberance
where the planes of the occipital and nuchal planes meet the prominent "bump"
Alae
wing like feature, articulate to the sphenoid