Terrorism
The Red Brigades in Italy
(domestic terrorism and a communist group) during the 1970s, the ________ formed in _______ -wanted to create a revolutionary state and have _________ removed from NATO -used robberies, kidnapping, and assassinations in an attempt to overthrow the Italian government
The Shinning Path in Peru
(domestic terrorism and a communist group) formed in 1980, sought to overthrow ______'s government and replace it with communism -engaged in murder, kidnapping, and destruction of property -financed its operations by trafficking in drugs -saw many of its leaders captured and imprisoned
Northern Ireland
(domestic terrorism) conflict between protestants and catholics led to violence called "The Troubles" -a protestant unionist majority wanted to remain British -a catholic nationalist minority wanted to be a part of the republic of Ireland -paramilitary groups on both sides engaged in terrorist attacks -since 1998, violence has declined
common policies of counter terrorism can include:
-economic sanctions -treaties -international agreements -military strikes
Impacts of terrorism
-negative impact on trade and financial markets -damage to tourism industry -less security among the populace and demand for increased security measures -long lasting emotional effects
in counter terrorism entities cooperate by:
-seizing the funds of terrorist organizations -identifying and arresting members of terror groups -preventing organizations from obtaining weapons and materials
terrorism
-the unlawful use or threatened use if violence by a person or an organization for philosophical or political reasons -the term derives from a French word used to describe the French government's campaign to frighten its citizens into submission in the 1790s -It includes the use of violence, threats, or intimidation to achieve a political objective -can be domestic or international -is often used by smaller groups that lack military strength to compete with larger nations includes attacks on civilian targets, guerrilla warfare, and assassination
examples of state-sponsered terrorism
1937-1945 the holocaust: Nazi genocide of Jewish people 1973-1990 Chile: murder and disappearance of more than 3,000 Chileans under Pinochet 1994 Rwanda: slaughter of Tutsis by interahamwe (or Hutu) present day Iran: supporter of Hamas, Hezbollah, and Palestinian Islamic Jihad
Counter terrorism organizations in the US
Bureau of ____________ -established 1972 in response to the attacks at the Munich Olympics -tasked with advancing counter terrorism efforts abroad _______ Department of homeland security -established 2002 as a response to the 9/11 attacks -tasked with maintaining the security and safety of ________________ at home, particularly against terrorist threats
a terrorist group seeks independence from a country
Domestic terrorism can occur when
allowed terrorists to murder thousands of citizens
From 1973 to 1990, Chile was an example of state-sponsored terrorism because General Pinochet
seizing the funds of terrorist organizations
One way that entities can cooperate with counterterrorism policies is by
end because the activities have alienated people
Read the quotation from The Changing Faces of Terrorism. It is not too early to hazard the guess that, by engaging in crimes against humanity, the new face of terrorism may have contributed to its own eventual demise. In this statement, the author suggests that terrorism will
agreed to negotiate
Violence has declined in Northern Ireland because terrorist organizations
attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001
What event caused the establishment of the United States Department of Homeland Security?
to advance counter terrorism efforts in other countries
What is the primary role of the United States Bureau of Counterterrorism?
individuals experienced significant emotional pain years after the event
What was the greatest community impact of the Oklahoma City bombing?
to create a revolutionary state independent pf NATO
What was the main goal of the Red Brigades?
the use of political tactics to prevent terrorist attacks
Which best defines counterterrorism?
The growth of domestic terrorism
_________ is practiced against a group's individual's own country and people. Factors: -spread of nationalism: ethnic nationalism increased throughout Europe and the middle east -independence movements: independence movements spread throughout Africa and Asia -spread of communism: communism and socialist ideals spread around the world -cold war: cold war tensions contributed to the creation of rebel fighters
Impact of technology
improved communication systems and technology have made it easier for terrorists to operate (like) -recruiting new members -solicitation of funding -ease of communication
Oklahoma City, USA
in 1995, 2 men angry at the government bombed a US federal building in ____________________ -single worst act of domestic terrorism in US history -killed 168, including 19 infants and children
Al Qaeda
is a global organization that carried out dozens of attacks beginning in 1992, often targeted the US 1993- attack on world trade center in new york city (unsuccessful but did kill people) 1998- bombing of US embassies in Tanzania and Kenya 2000- attack on US naval vessel USS Cole in the port of Yemen 2001- September 11 attacks on US targets (worst) 2004- attack on trains in Madrid, Spain 2005- attack on transportation systems in London
State-Sponsered Terrorism
occurs when nation-states support terrorism in their own country or abroad. They may: -offer financial assistance -provide arms and supplies -shelter or harbor known terrorists -promote activities of these organizations
paramilitary
pertaining to a civilian group organized in a military manner
solicitation
the act of obtaining by persuasion
counter terrorism
the use of political or military tactics; requires the cooperation of various organizations and governments
International terrorism
these groups operate outside one particular country or area -motivated by the desire for political and social change, and belief in the justness of their cause -believe violence is the best way to bring attention to their demands
