Test #1
You are a student nurse visiting a day care. Your focus today is to observe "object permanence". According to Piaget, "object permanence" does not occur until which of the following ages? a) 8 months b) 12 months c) 24 months d) 6 months
12 months Explanation: According to Piaget, at 12 to 18 months the child is able to recognize the permanence of objects, that the object continues to exist even if it is out of sight.
Which of the following nurses is most likely to care for patients who are trying to resolve identity versus role confusion? a) An occupation health nurse based at a lumber mill b) A nurse who works in a long-term care facility c) A pediatric nurse d) A nurse who provides care in a large junior high school
A nurse who provides care in a large junior high school Explanation: According to Erikson, the crisis of identity versus role confusion is characteristic of adolescence. Consequently, a nurse who provides care in a junior high school is likely to see frequent manifestations of this crisis. Early childhood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood are not typical life stages for the resolution of this crisis
You are teaching a "Young Childcare" class and Charles, one of the parents, asks what kinds of actions on his part may increase safety for his 14-month-old daughter during the next 2 years. Which of the following responses would be appropriate? Choose all that apply. a) Teach to chew small food well b) Do not swing by arms or legs c) Keep medications locked away d) Use approved car seats e) Keep plastic bags out of reach
A pediatric nurse practitioner is assessing the development of a child. The nurse's assessment of development will focus on which of the following? You selected: Changes in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors Explanation: Development is an orderly pattern of change in structure, thoughts, feelings, or behaviors resulting from maturation, experiences, and learning. Development is a dynamic and continuous process as one proceeds through life, characterized by a series of ascents, plateaus, and declines. Growth, on the other hand, is an increase in body size, or changes in body cell structure, function, and complexity
What are the two factors that drive growth and development? a) Environment and fertility b) Nutrition and exercise c) Healthcare and perception d) Genetics and environment
Genetics and environment Explanation: Two primary factors drive growth and development: genetics and environment
Sleep habits have been implicated in cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). What instructions will the nurses provide to new parents related to positioning their infant for sleeping? a) Healthy infants to age 6 months should be positioned on their stomachs on a firm surface. b) Healthy infants to age 6 months should be positioned on their backs on a firm surface. c) Healthy infants to age 6 months should be positioned on their backs on a soft surface. d) Healthy infants to age 6 months should be positioned on their stomachs on a soft surface.
Healthy infants to age 6 months should be positioned on their backs on a firm surface. Explanation: Because sleep habits have been implicated in cases of SIDS, it is recommended that healthy infants to the age of 6 months sleep on their backs on a firm surface.
A child who attends church with his parents imitates religious gesture but does not have an understanding of these religious behaviors. The child also asks his parents, "How do you know God exists? Have you ever seen him?" This child is described as having characteristics associated with which stage of faith development as defined by Fowler? a) Mystical-Literal Faith b) Intuitive-Projective Faith c) Individuative-Reflective Faith d) Synthetic-Conventional Faith
Intuitive-Projective Faith Explanation: The child is demonstrating characteristics of the stage of Intuitive-Projective Faith. During this stage, the child takes on parental attitudes toward religious or moral beliefs without an understanding of them. During the Mystical-Literal Faith stage, the child accepts the existence of a deity. Synthetic-Conventional Faith is the characteristic stage for many adolescents when they begin to question life-guiding values or religious practices in an attempt to stabilize their own identity. The Individuative-Reflective Faith stage often occurs during the older adolescent and young adult years, as individuals become responsible for their own commitments, beliefs, and attitudes.
An 18-year-old girl has chosen not to attend a party in which alcohol will be consumed. Which value system is she most likely adhering to? a) Intimacy versus isolation b) Law-and-order orientation c) Autonomy versus shame and doubt d) Role modeling
Law-and-order orientation Explanation: Adolescents have a high level of moral judgment, with a law-and-order orientation
The clinic nurse is seeing Carmen, an 18-year-old, who needs to renew her asthma prescription. Carmen tells the nurse that she is going to another state in a few weeks to attend college and will be living in a dorm. The nurse recommends which of the following while Carmen is being seen in the clinic? a) Meningococcal vaccine b) Polio booster c) TB skin test (PPD) d) Hep B series
Meningococcal vaccine Explanation: College freshmen living in dormitories are at risk for meningococcal disease and require the vaccine for protection from it. A TB skin test is usually done if the patient has been exposed to tuberculosis. Polio boosters are not given to this age group Hep B series should have already been done and the series is not completed in a single visit
An elderly patient informs the nurse, "I just don't feel like myself. I cry so easily and my mobility is so bad from my degenerative disc disease in my back." What factor is most likely contributing to the patient's depression? a) Pain b) Shortness of breath c) Diminished vision d) Hearing loss
Pain Explanation: Many factors place an older adult at risk for depression, including recent bereavement, a change in environment, alcohol or substance use, and chronic pain.
Changes in T-cell function in the elderly will result in a) Risk of infection b) Inadequate nutrition c) Active immunity d) Onset of chronic disease
Risk of infection Explanation: Humoral immunity declines because of changes in T-cell function, and older adults have lower antibody response to microorganisms that cause pneumonia and infection.
The community nurse encourages families to seek well-child care for regular health monitoring, immunizations, and preventive teaching. Which of the following diseases can be prevented by immunization? a) Tuberculosis b) Rubella c) Cancer d) Arthritis
Rubella Explanation: Rubella, mumps, hepatitis A, and varicella can be prevented through immunization. Cancer, tuberculosis, and arthritis cannot be prevented by immunization
As you are preparing an immunization for Stephen, a 2-year-old, his mother discovers that he has soiled his underpants. She scolds him and calls him a "bad boy" because he "dirtied" his underwear. You give the immunization and provide some education to the mother about appropriate expectations for this age group. You know that according to Erikson's theory for Stephen's age group, Stephen is at risk to develop which of the following? a) Inferiority b) Shame and doubt c) Guilt d) Isolation
Shame and doubt Explanation: According to Erikson, the toddler's task is to achieve autonomy versus shame and doubt. If the caregivers are overprotective or have expectations that are too high (such as Stephen's mother), shame and doubt, as well as feelings of inadequacy, might develop in the child. The other choices have to do with Erikson's other developmental stages
The nurse is assessing a preschooler who has just turned 6. The nurse expects which of the following as typical development for a child in this developmental phase. a) Egocentrism increases as socialization increases. b) Play is related to fantasy instead of real-life events. c) The head is close to adult size by age 6 years. d) The child begins to draw by drawing stick figures.
The head is close to adult size by age 6 years. Explanation: Preschool development includes a head that is close to adult size by the age of 6 years. Egocentrism decreases as socialization with peers increases. The child begins to draw stick figures in the toddler years, not the preschool years. Play during the preschool years is more related to real-life events rather than fantasy
A patient is in the postoperative phase of an abdominal resection and colostomy. When educating the patient on his ostomy care by providing him with educational materials to read, it is important to assess the patient's a) Gait b) Pain c) Hearing d) Vision
Vision Explanation: Appropriate sensory appliances (glasses and hearing aids) assist older adults in interacting appropriately with their environment.
The middle adult is sometimes called the "sandwich generation". According to Erikson, the developmental task of the middle adult is: a) initiative versus guilt b) generativity versus stagnation c) ego-integrity versus despair d) goal attainment versus crisis
generativity versus stagnation Explanation: The developmental task of the middle adult is generativity versus stagnation. They are in a stage of guiding the next generation, accepting their own changes and adjusting to need of aging parents, as well as evaluating their own goals and accomplishments. Initiative versus guilt is the developmental task for toddlers. Ego integrity versus despair is the developmental task for older adults. Goal attainment versus crisis is a distractor for this question
After graduation, if you especially want to care for the aged population, you would consider the nursing specialty that focuses on the health and illnesses of the aging. This specialty is: a) gerontologic nursing. b) long-term care. c) hospice nursing. d) geriatrics.
gerontologic nursing. Explanation: Gerontologic nursing combines the knowledge and skills of nursing with specialized focus on the aging in both health and illness. Hospice is end-of-life care, long-term care is a type of care facility, and geriatrics is a branch of medicine
When completing your assessment of the middle-aged adult, you make note of his cognitive development. You would expect to find: a) he wants to appear competent. b) decreasing ability to focus and solve problems. c) increased motivation to learn. d) memory processing is quickly reviewed
increased motivation to learn. Explanation: Cognitive changes such as intelligence change throughout life. The middle aged adult may begin to take a little longer to respond, related to more memories and information to process, They are often more motivated to learn especially relevant and applicable information
A patient often actively engages in reminiscence when the nurse is delivering care. The nurse recognizes that: a) reminiscence is a normal process in achieving ego integrity. b) reminiscence occurs when a patient withdraws from usual roles. c) reminiscence interferes with the patient's ability to accept death. d) reminiscence should be discouraged until the patient is discharged
reminiscence is a normal process in achieving ego integrity. Explanation: Reminiscence is a way for an older adult to relive and restructure life experiences and is part of achieving ego integrity. Nurses can use reminiscence as a therapy to facilitate adaptation to present circumstances, and withdrawing from usual roles is termed disengagement
You are teaching a "care of the infant" class and Kelly, one of the members, asks what kinds of physical things her infant be learning to do in the first year. Which of the following responses would be appropriate? Choose all that apply. a) Speak in complete sentences b) Crawl on all fours c) Ambulation may start d) Stack building blocks e) Become toilet trained
• Crawl on all fours • Ambulation may start • Stack building blocks Correct Explanation: The infant, 1 month to 1 year, will develop motor abilities that may include use of building blocks, attempting to feed self, crawling, and walking. Toilet training and speaking in complete sentences does not usually occur until toddlerhood or preschool age
You are teaching a "Young Childcare" class and Charles, one of the parents, asks what kinds of actions on his part may increase safety for his 14-month-old daughter during the next 2 years. Which of the following responses would be appropriate? Choose all that apply
• Keep medications locked away • Keep plastic bags out of reach • Use approved car seats • Do not swing by arms or legs Explanation: Accidents are a leading cause of injuries and death in toddlers. Toddlers are curious about medications and may swallow them if allowed. They may asphyxiate themselves if allowed to play with plastic bags. Approved car seats will keep them safe in case of a motor vehicle accident. Swinging by extremities may cause dislocation of joints. Toddlers should not be allowed access to small-sized foods, such as grapes, olives, or carrot rounds. Small, hard foods should never be allowed.