test 1

Charismatic Leadership involves the ___________________ made by group members about the characteristics of leaders and the results they achieve.

ATTRIBUTIONS

Leader Behavior & Style

Activities the leader engages in, including his/her characteristic approach Examples include participative leadership, task-orientation behavior

Attributes of Transformational Leaders

Are charismatic, agreeable, and extroverted Score high on emotional intelligence. Create a vision, Encourage the personal development of others, Provide supportive leadership. Practice empowerment, Think innovatively, Lead by example, Utilize moral reasoning

Emergent Leaders

Are group members who significantly influence other group members even though they have not been assigned formal authority A team member who is influential based on personal attributes and behaviors will often be regarded as a leader by peers.

PARTICIPANTS

Are in some way engaged. They either clearly favor their leaders and groups and organization - OR - they are clearly opposed. They invest their engagement to try to have an impact. By and large, leaders WANT followers who are participants - assuming they are in support and not in opposition

DIEHARDS

Are prepared to die if necessary for their cause, whether an individual, an idea, or both Deeply devoted to their leaders - OR - ready to remove them from positions of power, authority, and influence by any means necessary

Office-Holder Charismatics

Attain their charisma chiefly from the position they hold.

Group Member Characteristics

Attributes of the group members Examples include their intelligence and high level of motivation assist the leader with doing an outstanding job

the Cognitive Factors are

Cognitive or Analytical Intelligence (know what's going on) Practical Intelligence (have common sense) Knowledge of the Business or Group Task (rare) Creativity Insight into People and Situations Farsightedness and Conceptual Thinking (visualization)

ISOLATES

Completely detached There to do what they must to get by and nothing more Alienated from the system, the group, the organization Silent and ignored

Limitations of the Trait Approach

Does not identify which amount of characteristics are absolutely needed. Can breed an elitist conception of leadership. Different situations call for different combinations of traits Can lead some to be strong at one trade at the exclusion of its opposite.

The POWER Motive

Effective leaders have a strong need to control resources. Personalized Power Motive, Seek power to further their own interest. Socialized Power Motive, Seek power to achieve organizational goals or a vision.

Internal & External Environment

Elements/forces of the situation that may or may not be within the leader's control Examples include economy, diversity of workforce, organizational culture

ACTIVISTS

Feel strongly about their leaders and act accordingly They are eager, energetic, and engaged. They work hard either on behalf of their leaders - OR - to undermine and unseat them. They are either a major resource or a major bane. They care - they care a great deal

Leadership Roles

Figurehead, Spokesperson, Negotiator, Coach and Motivator, Team Builder, Team Player, Technical Problem Solver, Entrepreneur, Strategic Planner, Executor

Transformational Leadership

Focuses on what the leader accomplishes, yet it still pays attention to the leader's personal characteristics and his/her relationship with group members. Helps bring about major, positive changes by moving group members beyond their self-interests and towards the good of the group, organization, or society. Essence is in developing and transforming people

Personal Charismatics

Gain esteem from others' faith in them as people - independent of the office or position they hold.

A leader's personality traits can be divided into two groups:

General Personality Traits- Traits observable both within and outside the context of work - and related to success and satisfaction in both work and personal life. Task-Related Traits- Traits closely associated with task accomplishment

The Meanings of Charisma

Greek word meaning "Divinely Inspired Gift". Special quality of leaders whose purposes, powers, and extraordinary determination differentiate them from others. Having a charming and colorful personality. Charisma is a positive and compelling quality that makes many others want to be led by the person who has it.

Types of FOLLOWERS

ISOLATES BYSTANDERS PARTICIPANTS ACTIVISTS DIEHARDS

Does heredity or environment contribute more to leadership effectiveness?

Individuals inherit a basic capacity to develop personality traits and mental ability that sets an outer limit on how extensively these traits can be developed. Environmental influences, in turn, determine how much of an individual's potential will be developed. Genetics play a role in determining leadership potential. Emotional intelligence reinforces that leadership is a combination of inherited and learned factors.

Leadership Process elements include:

Leader Group Members Context of the Situation(outside influances)

Leader Characteristics & Traits

Leader's inner qualities that help the leader function effectively in many situations

TENACITY & RESILIENCE Motive

Leaders are also tenacious and resilient. Tenacity multiples in importance for organizational leaders because it does take a long time to implement a new program or to consummate a new business deal. Tenacious leaders are resilient when they bounce back from a setback through their continuous efforts.

DRIVE & ACHIEVEMENT Motive

Leaders are known for working hard to achieve their goals. DRIVE- A propensity to put forth high energy towards achieving goals and to be persistent in applying that energy Usually requires a lot of physical energy and fitness. ACHIEVEMENT- The ability to find joy in accomplishment of goals or vision.

Communication Style of Charismatic Leaders

Management by Inspiration,Using metaphors and analogies, Gearing language to different audiences. Management by Storytelling, inspiring and instructing by telling fascinating stories. Extensive Use of Social Networking. Face-to-face networks, Social networking sites.

BYSTANDERS

Observe, but do not participate Make deliberate decisions to stand aside and disengage from leaders and the group dynamic Their withdrawal is a declaration of neutrality that amounts to support for whoever They do nothing even when doing something is not especially costly or especially risky

Divine Charismatics

Once defined by the theological concepts of possessing divine grace, but now by mysticism, narcissism, or magnetism qualities.

Celebrity Charismatics

Overlap their public celebrity with socialized & personalized traits.

When group members __________________ a leader to have a certain ______________________, the leader will more likely be perceived as charismatic.

PERCEIVE, characteristic

Characteristics associated with leadership are classified into three broad categories:

Personality Traits Motives Cognitive Factors

four categories of motives and needs:

Power Drive and Achievement Tenacity and Resilience Strong Work Ethic

Task-Related Personality Traits

Proactive Personality, Passion for the Work and the People Emotional Intelligence -Self-Awareness -Self-Management -Social Awareness -Relationship Management Flexibility and Adaptability, Courage

Socialized Charismatics

Restrain the use of power in the interest of others.

General Personality Traits

Self-Confidence,Humility, Core Self-Evaluations, Trustworthiness, Authenticity, Extraversion, Assertiveness, Enthusiasm, Optimism, and Warmth, Sense of Humor

Strengths of the Trait Approach

Serves as a guide to leader selection Can guide individuals in preparing for leadership responsibility

Does Leadership Impact Organizational Performance?

Statistical analysis suggests the leader might be responsible for between 15-45 percent of a firm's performance. Study findings have shown the leader's activities have a 66 percent probability of achieving a positive outcome in an organization's performance.

Arguments against the importance of leadership include:

Substitutes exist for leadership, Leaders can be irrelevant, Organizational systems are far too complex

VISION

The ability to imagine different and better future conditions and ways to achieve them. Being a visionary is far from an ordinary task, and recent research in neuroscience suggests that visionary leaders use their brain differently from others.

The Meaning of Leadership

The ability to inspire confidence and support among the people who are needed to achieve organizational goals.

followers of Charismatic leaders tend to:

Trust the leader's beliefs. Have beliefs similar to those of the leader. Accept the leader unquestionably. Have affection for the leader. Willingly obey the leader. Identify with and attempt to emulate the leader. Have emotional involvement in the mission. Have heightened goals. Feel they will be able to accomplish or contribute to the accomplishment of the mission

Personalized Charismatics

Use power to serve their own interests.

Concerns About Charismatic Leadership

Validity of the Concept- Doubt is that charisma can truly be defined or measured. Leadership polarity indicates leaders are often either revered or vastly unpopular. May not be necessary for leadership effectiveness Misdeeds of Charismatic Leaders- Charismatic leadership can be exercised for evil purposes. Some charismatic leaders are unethical and lead their organizations and outsiders toward illegal and immoral ends.

Characteristics of Charismatic Leaders

Visionary, Masterful communication skills, Ability to inspire trust, Able to make group members feel capable. Energy and action orientation, Emotional expressiveness and warmth, Romanticize risk. Unconventional strategies, Self-promoting personality, Dramatic and unique.

Trait-Based Leadership Perspective:

When people evaluate managers in terms of their leadership effectiveness, they often scrutinize the manager's traits and personal characteristics.

Substitutes for leadership

factors in the work environment that provide guidance and incentives to perform, make the leader's role almost superfluous. such as in highly trained close knit teams, professional norms, technology, and internsic satifaction

true or false Effective leaders have frequently been distinguished by their need for power and achivement.

false- Effective leaders have frequently been distinguished by their motives and needs.

true or false Leaders must have problem-solving and intellectual skills to gather, process, and store essential information effectively. this called, achivement drive.

false- These skills are referred to as cognitive factors

true or false? Leaders have certain personality traits that contribute to leadership effectiveness in many situations- they will fit into almost any situation.

false- as long as the leader's style fits the situation reasonably well.

complex Organizational systems

forces outside the leader's control determine a company's fate

Charismatic leaders use______________ ________________ to cultivate their relationships with group members.

impression management

TRANSACTIONAL leadership

is focused on routine transactions and rewarding group members for meeting standards.(exchange process)

Leadership vs. Management

management: Provides order, consistency, and predictability. top-level managers manage/maintain organizations. implements a vision. Effective managers also lead Leadership:Provides change and adaptability. Top-level leaders transform organizations. Creates a vision Effective leaders also manage

Leaders can be irrelevant by

people lead themselves and outside influences can overwhelm them; factors outside the leader's control have a larger impact on business outcomes than do leadership actions

Leadership Effectiveness

refers to attaining desirable outcomes such as productivity, quality, and satisfaction in a given situation.

true or false Leaders have an intense desire to occupy a position of responsibility for others and to control them

true

true or false? Leaders cannot exist without followers

true. To be an effective leader, one needs good followers. Leadership is only a small part of the equation. You need a buy in with the followers, need respect. Need to know who your followers are

Charismatic leaders inspire others with their ____________, which are often lofty, long-term goals.

visions