Test 1 and 2

Effleurage

"To Skim" and to "Touch Lightly On". The historical term for gliding strokes.

Pre-Existing Condition

Can put a person at risk of developing a secondary condition.

Direction

Center of the body outward.

Body

Designed for health.

Gliding

Determined by pressure, drag, speed, direction, and rhythm. Excellent for spreading lubricant. The more superficial the stroke, the more reflexive the effect. If a deeper stroke pressure is applied at a slower rate, the effect is more mechanical.

Speed

Fast, slow, or variable.

Lymph Nodes

Kidney bean-shaped tissues found in grapelike clusters in several locations in the body.

Proper Body Mechanics

Involve good posture, stability, balance, leverage, and use of the strongest and largest muscles to perform the work.

Primary Reflexive

Is the body's responses to massage and its effects on the nervous system

Trunks

Large vessels where lymphs drain

Duration

Length of time the method is applied.

Depth of Pressure

Light, moderate, deep, or variable.

Petrissage

Main purpose is to lift tissue, applying bend, shear, and torsion forces.

Chronic Pain

Major health problem for approximately 25% of the population. It is pain that persists or recurs for indefinite periods, usually for longer that 3-6 months.

Regional/Local Avoidance of Application

Massage may be performed, but a particular area must be avoided.

Application with Caution

Massage may be performed, but the practitioner must take extra care in determining the methods to be used, the duration of the massage, the depth and intensity of pressure, and the frequency of application.

Referred Pain

May be felt in a surface area far from the stimulated organ.

Pathology

Study of disease

Acute Pain

Symptom of a disease condition or a temporary aspect of medical treatment. It acts as a warning signal. It is usually temporary, of sudden onset, and eaily localized.

Artery

Takes blood away from the heart and veins bring it back.

Stress

Any substantial change in routine or any activity that forces the body to adapt. Places demands on physical, mental, and emotional resources.

Endangerment Sites

Area on the body where it is possible to damage.

Asymmetric Standing

Standing with one foot in front of the other. The most efficient standing position.

Entrainment

A physical phenomenon that occurs when rhythms synchronize

Lifestyles

A risk of the way we live, work, and play.

Intractable Pain

Chronic pain that persists even when treatment is provided or that exists without demonstrable disease.

Inflammatory Response

Combination of processes that attempts to minimize injury to tissues and promote healing, thus maintaining homeostasis.

Contraindication

Condition for which an approach could be harmful.

Indication

Condition for which an approach would be beneficial for health enhancement, treatment, of a particular disorder or support of a treatment modality other than massage.

Caution

Condition that requires the massage therapist to adapt the massage process so that the client's safety is maintained.

Lymphatic System

Consists of the tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infection and other diseases.

Environmental Factors

Environmental conditions put people at greater risk of contracting certain diseases.

Shaking

Effective for relaxing muscle groups or an entire limb.

Phantom Pain

Frequently experienced by clients who have had a limp amputated.

Vibration

Good method for stimulating nerve activity.

Percussion

Moves up and down on the tissue.

General Avoidance of Application

No massage techniques may be performed.

Holding

Provides time for the client to become acclimated to the proximity of another human being.

Frequency

Rate at which the method repeats itself within a given time frame.

Rhythm

Regularity of application of the technique.

Brachial Plexus

Situated partly in the neck and partly in nerves that innervate the upper limb. Muscles most often responsible for impingement are the scalenes, pectoralis minor, and subclavius.

Friction

Small, deep movements performed on a local area. Breaks up local adhesions in connective tissue, especially over tendons, ligaments, and scars. Often done where tendons and ligaments become bound.

Rocking

Soothing, rhythmic method used to calm people.

General Adaptation Syndrome

The body's response to stress

Physiologic Effects

Two different type: Mechanical Effects and Reflexive Effects

Drag

the amount of pull (stretch) on the tissue.

Reflexive Effects

when various mechanical forces are introduced into body tissues during massage with the intent to stimulate the nervous system, the endocrine system, and the chemicals of the body.

Mechanical Effects

when various types of mechanical force are applied directly to the body and directly affect the soft tissue through techniques that normalize the connective tissue or move body fluids and intestinal contents.