TEST 1 INFO Class
Which of the following project roles would probably make a presentation about the objectives of a proposed project and its benefits to executives who will benefit directly from the project?
Champion
Which would NOT likely be an attribute of an entity called "Student"?
Classroom number
Systems Integration refers to:
Combining packaged software, the existing legacy system, and new software
Paul is interviewing Ming. He first explains why he is there and what he wants to accomplish in the interview. This would be done in which step of the interview process?
Conducting the interview
Andre has a diagram that shows only one process and external entities. He is developing a
Context Diagram
Which Data Flow Diagram shows the entire system with its environment with only one process?
Context Diagram
Which is NOT a purpose of the requirements definition?
Create cost/benefit analysis
Business Process Improvement
Create new, redesigned processes to improve the process workflows Utilize new technologies enabling new process structures
Ways to Acquire a New System
Custom development (build from scratch) in-house Purchase software package (and possibly customize it) -Install on our own computers, or -Obtain access from a software provider (host) Outsource development to third party, who might - Build system from scratch for us, or - Purchase software for us, customize and install it
Amy has created a context diagram. What one DFD component is probably not shown?
Data Store
Which is not a factor in choosing a development options
Database Normalization
Feasibility Analysis (FA)
Detailed business case for the project Technical feasibility Economic feasibility Organizational feasibility Compiled into a feasibility study Critically important to reassess feasibility throughout the project Includes identifying risks to the project
PCM Incorporated will need to purchase new servers for a new system. This would be a:
Development Cost
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Discounted cash flow method NPV You may skip over: ROI and Break-even Point
Project Sponsor
Driving force behind project Specifies overall business requirements Determines business value Formally requests a project via the System Request
Use Case Basic Information
Each use case has a name and number, and briefdescription. The priority may be assigned to indicate the relative significance of use case in the overall system. The actor refers to a person, another system, or a hardware device that interacts with the system to achieve a useful goal. The trigger for the use case - the event that causes the use case to begin. Events triggers can be external e.g. customer placing order, inventory reaching reorder point. OR temporal where it is time-based e.g. automatic return of eBooks to library when due.
V-Model Development Methodology
Emphasizes system quality through test plan development
Project Estimates Require Refinement
Even projects with high-quality estimates will need refinement
Which is NOT a good practice in conducting interviews?
Explain thoroughly - it is estimated that in a strong interview session, the interviewer (you) should talk and explain about 60% of the time; and the interviewee should answer about 40% of the time
A team of developers and customers are in close communication, with frequent communications, simplicity, feedback and courage. This would best describe
Extreme Programming Methodology
The requirements-elicitation process is used for building support for the project and establishing common technologies and rapport between the project team building the system and the users of the system. Answer TRUE or FALSE
False
The three feasibility analyses are: organizational feasibility, professional feasibility, and economic feasibility.
False
Ruth is an analyst. On her DFD diagram she has just placed a PROCESS. She will
Give it a verb phrase name, like 'search inventory'
Suggestions for motivation might include all of these EXCEPT:
Give same bonus to all members
Where are the decisions stored that are made regarding the hardware and software that will be purchased to support the new system?
Hardware and Software Specification
In System Design we figure out...
How to build the system that fulfills those needs Decides how the new system will operate • All the "logical" work from Analysis Phase is converted to the "physical" work in Design Phase
Another name for custom development might be:
In-house development
Myles is studying a system to lessen the number of complaints about the Help Desk. He has formally studied the service counter at Wal-Mart, Target and Kohl's department stores; as well as listened in to complaint phone calls to a hotel booking site. He is trying to see how other organizations work at lessening complaints and also how they handle complaints. This would be what type of analysis?
Informal benchmarking
What technique is the mostly used for requirements elicitation?
Interview
An entity relationship diagram (ERD):
Is a diagram that shows the information that is created, stored, and used by a business system
An Entity
Is a person, place or thing
What is true about creating an entity relationship diagram?
It is an iterative process
Which of the following might result in version 1; version 2 (etc.) of a system?
Iterative Development
Chunxia is balancing her DFD. This means she is:
Making sure that all information presented at one level is accurately represented in the next level
Robert is doing an economic analysis using today's dollar values. He is doing:
Net present value analysis
When normalizing data models, if you take attributes that have multiple values for a single instance of an entity and create separate entities for those attributes you are moving from:
O normal form to 1st normal form (1NF)
A technique where the analyst watches how people perform their activities is ___
Observation
_______ is the information-eliciting strategy that enables the analyst to see the reality of the situation rather than listen to others describe it?
Observation
When eliciting requirements from processing clerks and lower level managers about 'how' a system works, the best approach might be
Open-ended interview questions
Rafael, Fraud Unit Manager, has just received an interview report from Stefano, a systems analyst. Rafael was interviewed by Stefano, and was asked to make corrections and clarifications to the interview report. In what interview phase would this occur?
Post-interview follow-up
Danielle has asked some closed-ended questions to start an interview; then some open-ended questions. Now she wants to really wants to get a greater depth of information about the process. She would probably use _ questions.
Probing
Vanessa has a data flow diagram with an item called 'Register for Class'. That item would be:
Process
More on Functional Requirements
Process-oriented Information-oriented
Agile Development Methodology includes
Programming-centric methodology Cuts Down on Modeling and Documentation overhead and prefers Face2Face Meetings Focus on short cycles that produce a complete software product (1-4 weeks) Highly adaptable in dynamic environments Agile Approaches include Extreme Programming(XP), Scrum and others.
Project Manager's Balancing Act
Project Management involves making trade- offs... Modifying one element requires adjusting the others
Who selects the project methodology?
Project Manager
Project Manager's Balancing Act includes
Project Size Project Cost Project Time
______ is a person or group that serve as the primary high level contact for the project.
Project Sponsor
For efficiency purposes, it is wise to___ when there is a basic software need to be satisfied.
Purchase a packaged system
Blaine is using a requirements eliciting technique that begins with non-threatening questions, avoids abbreviations, groups items into logically coherent sections, and might best be used with outside users. He probably is using:
Questionnaire
Arrange the elicitation techniques below based on the number of participants that can be reached per cycle
Questionnaire Jad Interview
A technique where a set of written questions are distributed to people (frequently to a large number of people) is: _.
Questionnaires
Marta wants to collect facts and opinions from a wide range of geographically dispersed people quickly and with the least expense. She would probably want to use:
Questionnaires
RAD Means
Rapid Application Development
Cardinality
Refers to the number of times instances in one entity can be related to instances in another entity One instance in an entity refers to one and only one instance in the related entity (1:1) One instance in an entity refers to one or more instances in the related entity (1:N) One or more instances in an entity refer to one or more instances in the related entity (M:N)
Modality
Refers to whether or not an instance of a child entity can exist without a related instance in the parent entity Not Null - an instance in the related entity must exist for an instance in another entity to be valid Null - no instance in the related entity is necessary for an instance in another entity to be valid
Lines on an ERD diagram indicate:
Relationships between entities
Use Cases
Represents how a system interacts with its environment Illustrates the activities that are performed by the users and the system's responses. Depicts a set of activities preformed to produce some output result. Each use case describes how an external user triggers an event to which the system must respond.
V-Model Methodology Assessment (weaknesses)
Rigid Difficult to use in a dynamic business environment
Processes in data flow diagramming are represented by:
Rounded rectangles
The most common reason for schedule and cost overruns is
Scope Creep
Timeboxing
Set a tight but realistic deadline.Identify core, essential functional requirements Team limits its focus just to essential functional requirements High quality is stressed Other functions will be added later Repeat to add refinements and enhancements
Timeboxing
Sets a fixed deadline for a project and delivers by the deadline no matter what.
Extreme programming requires a great deal of discipline and it is recommended for:
Smaller teams
Request for Proposals
Solicit information from providers
Which one is NOT a part of a use case?
Statement of business value
Organizational Feasibility: If We Build It, Will They Come?
Strategic alignment Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholder Analysis
Strong and influential project champion? Strong and widespread organizational management support? Receptive / resistant system users? A technique of systematically gathering and analyzing quantitative and qualitative information to determine whose interests should be taken into account throughout the project.
Use cases are used to more fully describe
System Requirements
The document that describes the business reasons for building a system and the value that the system is expected to provide is called the
System request
What's the MAIN difference between System Prototyping and Throwaway Prototyping?
Systems prototyping works with users to quickly develop a simplified working version of the proposed system; while throwaway prototyping focuses more on exploring design alternatives
The V-model pays more explicit attention to
Testing
In what SDLC stage do we determine the business needs for an information systems project?
The analysis phase
Which of the following would BEST describe "system complexity"?
The aspect of scope, features and footprints the system must be
Custom Development is used when
The business need is unique
One Problem with using package software is
The company has to accept the functionality that is provided in the software
Kumar is the project manager for a revised TTP system. Which of the following most likely would NOT be considered in developing a work plan?
The organizational readiness for the project.
Feasibility Analysis
The process used to test a business concept.
In adding attributes to an ERD, which of the following might NOT be a good resource for attributes?
The system request
Brianna has a process that has two inputs but only one output.
This is NORMAL as all processes need at least one input and at least one output
Garrett has been told by management that his project MUST be completed on time. His best estimates are more than two weeks after the absolute deadline. Which technique could he use to get a functional system on time?
Timeboxing
The science (or art) of project management is in making ___ of size, time, and cost.
Trade-offs
The most commonly used requirements elicitation technique is the interview.
True
Omar is an analyst building a use case. Which of the following project roles might be the most important in terms of getting information about building the use case?
Users
Rapid Application Development is a collection of methodologies that include all of the following except:
V Model Methodology
In Systems Analysis we figure out...
What the business needs
Modality refers to...
Whether a child entity can exist with or without an instance in the parent entity
Use Cases
____ describe a system's behavior from a user's standpoint.
Timeboxing
a technique that delivers information systems functionality and requirements through versioning.
Systems analysis focuses on
determining the detailed business/user requirements (WHAT the system should do?)
If the logical data model does not contain attributes that have repeating values it is in _.
first normal form
When the analyst is evaluating a data model to ensure that all attributes in an entity depend fully on the entire primary key, which step of normalization is being performed?
second normal form
Agile development is a group of programming-centric methodologies that focus on:
streamlining the development life cycle
Business Process Automation
technology components are used to complement or substitute manual process.
Business Process Reengineering
the activity of altering existing and designing new business processes to take advantage of new information systems
Agile Development Methodology
uses iterative revisions and customer collaboration when developing a new software application.
V-Model Methodology Assessment (strengths)
- simple and straightforward - quality improves through the emphasis on testing - including quality assurance expertise early in the project strengthens system quality
Special cases (like customer cancels an appointment or returns an item) are: ____
-Described on special 'exception' use cases Written as exceptions or alternative flow of event at the bottom of the relevant use case
Requirements Gathering Techniques
-Interviews -Joint Application Development (JAD) -Questionnaires -Document analysis -Observation
Jack is developing an ERD for a small dental practice office patient record system. The dental practice has three dentists, six hygienists, and many patients. A patient is always assigned to the same dentist for all appointments. In particular, he is working on the relationship between dentists and patients should it be:
1 to many
On your level 0 diagram you have a process #2 and when you create a level 1 diagram for process #2, you might have processes like:
2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Using the 15, 20, 35, 30 rule for planning, analysis, design and implementation rule, how many weeks will it take to complete a project if 45 weeks will be used in the planning phase?
300 Weeks
Cost-Benefit analysis
A decision-making process in which you compare what you will sacrifice and gain by a specific action
Process model
A formal way of representing how a business process operates Illustrate activities that are performed and how data moves between them Logical process models describe processes without suggesting how they are conducted. Physical process models provide information that is needed to build the system
A data model is
A formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system
Data model
A formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system Shows the people, places and things about which data is captured and the relationships among them. Logical data model shows the organization of data without indicating how it is stored, created, or manipulated Physical data model shows how the data will actually be stored in databases or files.
V-Model
A framework to describe the software development lifecycle activities from requirements specification to maintenance. The V-model illustrates how testing activities can be integrated into each phase of the software development lifecycle.
Extreme Programming (XP) is BEST characterized as:
A method that emphasizes customer satisfaction
An external entity is:
A person, organization or system outside of the system
Data Flow Diagramming (DFD)
A popular technique for creating process models
V-Model is:
A software development model that illustrates how testing activities integrate with
A Process Model is:
A way of representing how a business process operates
An example of a functional requirement is
Access to the customer order system
A department head is apprehensive as to what implementation system he should employ. The best method of ensuring a successful and efficient installation of the new systems would be to utilize a/an
Alternative Matrix
The Primary Actor in a use case is
An external user of the system
Firms that are usually called ____ supply software applications and/or software related services through the internet.
Application Service Providers (ASP)
Strategic alignment
Are project goals aligned with business strategy? Extent to which the project is viewed as helping the organization achieve its strategic objectives and long-term goals
____ identifies business needs.
BPM
More on Nonfunctional Requirements
Behavioral properties the system must have: Operational Performance
RAD Approach- Iterative Development
Break project into series of versions developed sequentially
Which is an activity the users probably will NOT do on a project?
Budget funds for the project