TEST 1 INFO Class

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Which of the following project roles would probably make a presentation about the objectives of a proposed project and its benefits to executives who will benefit directly from the project?

Champion

Which would NOT likely be an attribute of an entity called "Student"?

Classroom number

Systems Integration refers to:

Combining packaged software, the existing legacy system, and new software

Paul is interviewing Ming. He first explains why he is there and what he wants to accomplish in the interview. This would be done in which step of the interview process?

Conducting the interview

Andre has a diagram that shows only one process and external entities. He is developing a

Context Diagram

Which Data Flow Diagram shows the entire system with its environment with only one process?

Context Diagram

Which is NOT a purpose of the requirements definition?

Create cost/benefit analysis

Business Process Improvement

Create new, redesigned processes to improve the process workflows Utilize new technologies enabling new process structures

Ways to Acquire a New System

Custom development (build from scratch) in-house Purchase software package (and possibly customize it) -Install on our own computers, or -Obtain access from a software provider (host) Outsource development to third party, who might - Build system from scratch for us, or - Purchase software for us, customize and install it

Amy has created a context diagram. What one DFD component is probably not shown?

Data Store

Which is not a factor in choosing a development options

Database Normalization

Feasibility Analysis (FA)

Detailed business case for the project Technical feasibility Economic feasibility Organizational feasibility Compiled into a feasibility study Critically important to reassess feasibility throughout the project Includes identifying risks to the project

PCM Incorporated will need to purchase new servers for a new system. This would be a:

Development Cost

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Discounted cash flow method NPV You may skip over: ROI and Break-even Point

Project Sponsor

Driving force behind project Specifies overall business requirements Determines business value Formally requests a project via the System Request

Use Case Basic Information

Each use case has a name and number, and briefdescription. The priority may be assigned to indicate the relative significance of use case in the overall system. The actor refers to a person, another system, or a hardware device that interacts with the system to achieve a useful goal. The trigger for the use case - the event that causes the use case to begin. Events triggers can be external e.g. customer placing order, inventory reaching reorder point. OR temporal where it is time-based e.g. automatic return of eBooks to library when due.

V-Model Development Methodology

Emphasizes system quality through test plan development

Project Estimates Require Refinement

Even projects with high-quality estimates will need refinement

Which is NOT a good practice in conducting interviews?

Explain thoroughly - it is estimated that in a strong interview session, the interviewer (you) should talk and explain about 60% of the time; and the interviewee should answer about 40% of the time

A team of developers and customers are in close communication, with frequent communications, simplicity, feedback and courage. This would best describe

Extreme Programming Methodology

The requirements-elicitation process is used for building support for the project and establishing common technologies and rapport between the project team building the system and the users of the system. Answer TRUE or FALSE

False

The three feasibility analyses are: organizational feasibility, professional feasibility, and economic feasibility.

False

Ruth is an analyst. On her DFD diagram she has just placed a PROCESS. She will

Give it a verb phrase name, like 'search inventory'

Suggestions for motivation might include all of these EXCEPT:

Give same bonus to all members

Where are the decisions stored that are made regarding the hardware and software that will be purchased to support the new system?

Hardware and Software Specification

In System Design we figure out...

How to build the system that fulfills those needs Decides how the new system will operate • All the "logical" work from Analysis Phase is converted to the "physical" work in Design Phase

Another name for custom development might be:

In-house development

Myles is studying a system to lessen the number of complaints about the Help Desk. He has formally studied the service counter at Wal-Mart, Target and Kohl's department stores; as well as listened in to complaint phone calls to a hotel booking site. He is trying to see how other organizations work at lessening complaints and also how they handle complaints. This would be what type of analysis?

Informal benchmarking

What technique is the mostly used for requirements elicitation?

Interview

An entity relationship diagram (ERD):

Is a diagram that shows the information that is created, stored, and used by a business system

An Entity

Is a person, place or thing

What is true about creating an entity relationship diagram?

It is an iterative process

Which of the following might result in version 1; version 2 (etc.) of a system?

Iterative Development

Chunxia is balancing her DFD. This means she is:

Making sure that all information presented at one level is accurately represented in the next level

Robert is doing an economic analysis using today's dollar values. He is doing:

Net present value analysis

When normalizing data models, if you take attributes that have multiple values for a single instance of an entity and create separate entities for those attributes you are moving from:

O normal form to 1st normal form (1NF)

A technique where the analyst watches how people perform their activities is ___

Observation

_______ is the information-eliciting strategy that enables the analyst to see the reality of the situation rather than listen to others describe it?

Observation

When eliciting requirements from processing clerks and lower level managers about 'how' a system works, the best approach might be

Open-ended interview questions

Rafael, Fraud Unit Manager, has just received an interview report from Stefano, a systems analyst. Rafael was interviewed by Stefano, and was asked to make corrections and clarifications to the interview report. In what interview phase would this occur?

Post-interview follow-up

Danielle has asked some closed-ended questions to start an interview; then some open-ended questions. Now she wants to really wants to get a greater depth of information about the process. She would probably use _ questions.

Probing

Vanessa has a data flow diagram with an item called 'Register for Class'. That item would be:

Process

More on Functional Requirements

Process-oriented Information-oriented

Agile Development Methodology includes

Programming-centric methodology Cuts Down on Modeling and Documentation overhead and prefers Face2Face Meetings Focus on short cycles that produce a complete software product (1-4 weeks) Highly adaptable in dynamic environments Agile Approaches include Extreme Programming(XP), Scrum and others.

Project Manager's Balancing Act

Project Management involves making trade- offs... Modifying one element requires adjusting the others

Who selects the project methodology?

Project Manager

Project Manager's Balancing Act includes

Project Size Project Cost Project Time

______ is a person or group that serve as the primary high level contact for the project.

Project Sponsor

For efficiency purposes, it is wise to___ when there is a basic software need to be satisfied.

Purchase a packaged system

Blaine is using a requirements eliciting technique that begins with non-threatening questions, avoids abbreviations, groups items into logically coherent sections, and might best be used with outside users. He probably is using:

Questionnaire

Arrange the elicitation techniques below based on the number of participants that can be reached per cycle

Questionnaire Jad Interview

A technique where a set of written questions are distributed to people (frequently to a large number of people) is: _.

Questionnaires

Marta wants to collect facts and opinions from a wide range of geographically dispersed people quickly and with the least expense. She would probably want to use:

Questionnaires

RAD Means

Rapid Application Development

Cardinality

Refers to the number of times instances in one entity can be related to instances in another entity One instance in an entity refers to one and only one instance in the related entity (1:1) One instance in an entity refers to one or more instances in the related entity (1:N) One or more instances in an entity refer to one or more instances in the related entity (M:N)

Modality

Refers to whether or not an instance of a child entity can exist without a related instance in the parent entity Not Null - an instance in the related entity must exist for an instance in another entity to be valid Null - no instance in the related entity is necessary for an instance in another entity to be valid

Lines on an ERD diagram indicate:

Relationships between entities

Use Cases

Represents how a system interacts with its environment Illustrates the activities that are performed by the users and the system's responses. Depicts a set of activities preformed to produce some output result. Each use case describes how an external user triggers an event to which the system must respond.

V-Model Methodology Assessment (weaknesses)

Rigid Difficult to use in a dynamic business environment

Processes in data flow diagramming are represented by:

Rounded rectangles

The most common reason for schedule and cost overruns is

Scope Creep

Timeboxing

Set a tight but realistic deadline.Identify core, essential functional requirements Team limits its focus just to essential functional requirements High quality is stressed Other functions will be added later Repeat to add refinements and enhancements

Timeboxing

Sets a fixed deadline for a project and delivers by the deadline no matter what.

Extreme programming requires a great deal of discipline and it is recommended for:

Smaller teams

Request for Proposals

Solicit information from providers

Which one is NOT a part of a use case?

Statement of business value

Organizational Feasibility: If We Build It, Will They Come?

Strategic alignment Stakeholder Analysis

Stakeholder Analysis

Strong and influential project champion? Strong and widespread organizational management support? Receptive / resistant system users? A technique of systematically gathering and analyzing quantitative and qualitative information to determine whose interests should be taken into account throughout the project.

Use cases are used to more fully describe

System Requirements

The document that describes the business reasons for building a system and the value that the system is expected to provide is called the

System request

What's the MAIN difference between System Prototyping and Throwaway Prototyping?

Systems prototyping works with users to quickly develop a simplified working version of the proposed system; while throwaway prototyping focuses more on exploring design alternatives

The V-model pays more explicit attention to

Testing

In what SDLC stage do we determine the business needs for an information systems project?

The analysis phase

Which of the following would BEST describe "system complexity"?

The aspect of scope, features and footprints the system must be

Custom Development is used when

The business need is unique

One Problem with using package software is

The company has to accept the functionality that is provided in the software

Kumar is the project manager for a revised TTP system. Which of the following most likely would NOT be considered in developing a work plan?

The organizational readiness for the project.

Feasibility Analysis

The process used to test a business concept.

In adding attributes to an ERD, which of the following might NOT be a good resource for attributes?

The system request

Brianna has a process that has two inputs but only one output.

This is NORMAL as all processes need at least one input and at least one output

Garrett has been told by management that his project MUST be completed on time. His best estimates are more than two weeks after the absolute deadline. Which technique could he use to get a functional system on time?

Timeboxing

The science (or art) of project management is in making ___ of size, time, and cost.

Trade-offs

The most commonly used requirements elicitation technique is the interview.

True

Omar is an analyst building a use case. Which of the following project roles might be the most important in terms of getting information about building the use case?

Users

Rapid Application Development is a collection of methodologies that include all of the following except:

V Model Methodology

In Systems Analysis we figure out...

What the business needs

Modality refers to...

Whether a child entity can exist with or without an instance in the parent entity

Use Cases

____ describe a system's behavior from a user's standpoint.

Timeboxing

a technique that delivers information systems functionality and requirements through versioning.

Systems analysis focuses on

determining the detailed business/user requirements (WHAT the system should do?)

If the logical data model does not contain attributes that have repeating values it is in _.

first normal form

When the analyst is evaluating a data model to ensure that all attributes in an entity depend fully on the entire primary key, which step of normalization is being performed?

second normal form

Agile development is a group of programming-centric methodologies that focus on:

streamlining the development life cycle

Business Process Automation

technology components are used to complement or substitute manual process.

Business Process Reengineering

the activity of altering existing and designing new business processes to take advantage of new information systems

Agile Development Methodology

uses iterative revisions and customer collaboration when developing a new software application.

V-Model Methodology Assessment (strengths)

- simple and straightforward - quality improves through the emphasis on testing - including quality assurance expertise early in the project strengthens system quality

Special cases (like customer cancels an appointment or returns an item) are: ____

-Described on special 'exception' use cases Written as exceptions or alternative flow of event at the bottom of the relevant use case

Requirements Gathering Techniques

-Interviews -Joint Application Development (JAD) -Questionnaires -Document analysis -Observation

Jack is developing an ERD for a small dental practice office patient record system. The dental practice has three dentists, six hygienists, and many patients. A patient is always assigned to the same dentist for all appointments. In particular, he is working on the relationship between dentists and patients should it be:

1 to many

On your level 0 diagram you have a process #2 and when you create a level 1 diagram for process #2, you might have processes like:

2.1, 2.2, 2.3

Using the 15, 20, 35, 30 rule for planning, analysis, design and implementation rule, how many weeks will it take to complete a project if 45 weeks will be used in the planning phase?

300 Weeks

Cost-Benefit analysis

A decision-making process in which you compare what you will sacrifice and gain by a specific action

Process model

A formal way of representing how a business process operates Illustrate activities that are performed and how data moves between them Logical process models describe processes without suggesting how they are conducted. Physical process models provide information that is needed to build the system

A data model is

A formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system

Data model

A formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system Shows the people, places and things about which data is captured and the relationships among them. Logical data model shows the organization of data without indicating how it is stored, created, or manipulated Physical data model shows how the data will actually be stored in databases or files.

V-Model

A framework to describe the software development lifecycle activities from requirements specification to maintenance. The V-model illustrates how testing activities can be integrated into each phase of the software development lifecycle.

Extreme Programming (XP) is BEST characterized as:

A method that emphasizes customer satisfaction

An external entity is:

A person, organization or system outside of the system

Data Flow Diagramming (DFD)

A popular technique for creating process models

V-Model is:

A software development model that illustrates how testing activities integrate with

A Process Model is:

A way of representing how a business process operates

An example of a functional requirement is

Access to the customer order system

A department head is apprehensive as to what implementation system he should employ. The best method of ensuring a successful and efficient installation of the new systems would be to utilize a/an

Alternative Matrix

The Primary Actor in a use case is

An external user of the system

Firms that are usually called ____ supply software applications and/or software related services through the internet.

Application Service Providers (ASP)

Strategic alignment

Are project goals aligned with business strategy? Extent to which the project is viewed as helping the organization achieve its strategic objectives and long-term goals

____ identifies business needs.

BPM

More on Nonfunctional Requirements

Behavioral properties the system must have: Operational Performance

RAD Approach- Iterative Development

Break project into series of versions developed sequentially

Which is an activity the users probably will NOT do on a project?

Budget funds for the project


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