test 1

Which of the following is a similarity between White's and Hahn's overall arguments in the excerpts about interactions between American Indians and the United States in the late 1800s?

Both claim that United States officials sought to restrict the authority of tribes over individuals.Both claim that United States officials sought to restrict the authority of tribes over individuals.

Which of the following pairs of immigrant groups were most prominent in the construction of the first transcontinental railroad?

Chinese and Irish

"Formerly the individual was the pioneer of civilization; now, the railroad is the pioneer, and the individual follows, or is only slightly in advance. . . . The wild roses are blooming today, and the sod is yet unturned . . . where, in a year or two will be heard the screech of the locomotive and the tramp of the approaching legions, another year will bring the beginning of the change; towns and cities will spring into existence, and the steam whistle and the noise of saws and hammers, and the click and clatter of machinery, the sound of industry will be heard. The prairies will be golden with the ripening harvest, and the field and the forest, the mine and the river, will all yield their abundance to the ever-growing multitude." George A. Batchelder, A Sketch of the History and Resources of Dakota Territory, 1870 Which of the following contributed most to the process described in the excerpt?

Legislation that facilitated the distribution of western land

Which of the following contexts best explains the construction of transcontinental railroads in the late 1800s?

Large-scale industrial production brought business consolidation and the needed capital to support railroad construction.

In the period 1890-1915, all of the following were generally true about African Americans EXCEPT:

NAACP endorsed the back to Africa movement

Which of the following developments best explains changes in agricultural production in the United States during the 1880s and 1890s?

New systems of transportation integrated farming into national markets.

Which of the following is a difference between White's and Hahn's claims in the excerpts about how American Indian societies changed in the late 1800s?

White claims that reservations reduced American Indian autonomy from the United States, while Hahn claims reservations could be used to resist federal encroachment

In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, American agriculture was characterized by

an increase in acres under cultivation

What was the intent of the Dawes act

assimilate American indians into the mainstream of American culture

By the 1870s, which of the following most reflected the continuation of the trend depicted on the maps?

completion of the transcontinental railroad

During the closing decades of the nineteenth century, farmers complained about all of the following EXCEPT

rising commodity prices

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, southern state governments used all of the following methods to restrict African American freedoms EXCEPT

. restrictive housing covenants

Article 6 of the treaty most likely reflected which of the following sentiments? "Article 6: If any individual belonging to said tribes of Indians, or legally incorporated with them, being the head of a family, shall desire to commence farming, he shall have the privilege to select...a tract of land within said reservation, not exceeding three hundred and twenty acres in extent.

A hope held by some in government that American Indians would adopt lifestyles similar to the lifestyles of White settlers

W. E. B. Du Bois differed in philosophy from Booker T. Washington in that Du Bois believed

African Americans should pursue full and immediate equality

"One by one the southern states have legally disfranchised the Afro-American, and since the repeal of the Civil Rights Bill nearly every southern state has passed separate [railroad] car laws with a penalty against their infringement. The race, regardless of advancement, is penned into filthy, stifling partitions cut off from smoking cars." Who was the excerpt most likely written by?

An African American journalist in the 1890's

Which of the following developments helps to explain the rise in exports from the West Coast depicted in the graph?

An expansion in the railroad network led to greater access of western farmers to eastern markets.

"In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress." This quote represents the ideas of whom?

Booker T. Washington

The claims made by White and Hahn about United States policies toward American Indians in the late nineteenth century are similar in that they both support which of the following arguments?

Federal officials desired to encourage the adoption of White American lifestyles by American Indians.

Which of the following helps to explain the development of railroad transportation as depicted in the graph?

Distribution of federal government subsidies to railroad corporations

monopoly is taking our homes from us by an infamous system of mortgage foreclosure, the most infamous that has ever disgraced the statutes of a civilized nation. ... How did it happen? The government, at the bid of Wall Street, repudiated its contracts with the people; the circulating medium was contracted. ... As Senator Plumb [of Kansas] tells us, 'Our debts were increased, while the means to pay them was decreased.' [A]s grand Senator ... Stewart [of Nevada] puts it, 'For twenty years the market value of the dollar has gone up and the market value of labor has gone down, till today the American laborer, in bitterness and wrath, asks which is the worst: the black slavery that has gone or the white slavery that has come?'" Lease's views best reflect the influence of which of the following developments in social and political movements in the 1890s?

Rising grassroots challenges to the dominant economic system

Evidence in the excerpt can best be used to support which of the following arguments about the historical situation of the South after the Civil War?

Some Southern leaders promoted industrialization as progress

"When [Robert E.] Lee surrendered . . . the South became, loyal to this Union. We fought hard enough to know that we were whipped, and in perfect frankness accept as final the [arbitration] of the sword to which we had appealed. . . . "The old South rested everything on slavery and agriculture, unconscious that these could neither give nor maintain healthy growth. The new South presents a perfect democracy, tand a diversified industry that meets the complex need of this complex age. "The new South is enamored of her new work. Her soul is stirred with the breath of a new life. The light of a grander day is falling fair on her face. She is thrilling with the consciousness of growing power and prosperity. Which of the following arguments about Southern society in the late 1800s could the excerpt's point of view best be used to support?

Southern politicians promoted economic integration with the North

Article 11: [T]he tribes who are parties to this agreement hereby stipulate that they will relinquish all right to occupy permanently the territory outside their reservations . . . but yet reserve the right to hunt on any lands north of North Platte, and on the Republican Fork of the Smoky Hill river, so long as the buffalo may range thereon in such numbers as to justify the chase. . . .They will withdraw all opposition to the construction of the railroads now being built on the plains. . . . They will not attack any persons at home, or travelling, nor molest or disturb any wagon trains, coaches, mules, or cattle belonging to the people of the United States." Second Treaty of Fort Laramie, agreed between the United States government and various bands of the Sioux nation, Which of the following contributed to reducing the conflict that article 11 and similar provisions of other treaties were designed to address?

The destruction of nearly the entire population of buffalo

Which of the following developments helps to explain the change in agriculture depicted in the graph?

The extraction of western resources led to the growth of new towns and cities that demanded agricultural goods.

Which of the following was typical of agreements such as the Fort Laramie Treaty between the United States government and American Indians in the post-Civil War West?

They usually lasted a short time before being broken by settlers' incursions onto American Indian reservations.

After the Civil War, some businesspeople and newspaper editors—such as the Atlanta Constitution's Henry Grady—promoted the idea of a New South. Which of the following best describes their vision for the southern states?

a mixed economy no longer dependent upon cash crops

The settlement pattern described in the excerpt was most similar to earlier settlement patterns in that it was

accompanied by conflict with American Indians over landownership

the graph depicts what trend

american farmers struggled financially

From the 1880's to the beginning of the New Deal, the dominant American Indian policy of the United Stated government sought to b

break up tribal landholdings

In the late nineteenth-century United States, farmers sought federal relief from distress caused by

discriminatory freight and storage rates

The Ghost Dance was an American Indian religious movement associated with

distress over losing tribal autonomy and lands

The point of view of the excerpt could best be used by a historian to support the claim that the concept of the New South

embodied the embrace of Northern models of society

African Americans who fled the violence of the Reconstruction South in 1879 and 1880 to start anew in Great Plains were known as

exodusters

"Yet, after all our years of toil and privation, dangers and hardships upon the ... frontier, monopoly is taking our homes from us by an infamous system of mortgage foreclosure, the most infamous that has ever disgraced the statutes of a civilized nation. ... How did it happen? The government, at the bid of Wall Street, repudiated its contracts with the people; the circulating medium was contracted. ... As Senator Plumb [of Kansas] tells us, 'Our debts were increased, while the means to pay them was decreased.' [A]s grand Senator ... Stewart [of Nevada] puts it, 'For twenty years the market value of the dollar has gone up and the market value of labor has gone down, till today the American laborer, in bitterness and wrath, asks which is the worst: the black slavery that has gone or the white slavery that has come?'" — Mary Elizabeth Lease, speech to the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1890

farmers

All of the following contributed to the decline of open-range cattle ranching at the end of the nineteenth century EXCEPT

federal recognition of American Indian tribal lands

"The Negro race, like all races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men. The problem of education, then, among Negroes must first of all deal with the Talented Tenth; it is the problem of developing the Best of this race that they may guide the Mass away from the contamination and death of the Worst, in their own and other races. Now the training of men is a difficult and intricate task. Its technique is a matter for educational experts, but its object is for the vision of seers. If we make money the object of man-training, we shall develop money-makers but not necessarily men; if we make technical skill the object of education, we may possess artisans but not, in nature, men. Men we shall have only as we make manhood the object of the work of the schools—intelligence, broad sympathy, knowledge of the world that was and is, and of the relation of men to it." The perspective expressed the national expansion of

higher education

Which of the following was true of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887?

it eliminated most tribal land holdings in favor of ownership by individuals

Which of the following was true of the South in the post-Civil War period?

landowners widely adopted sharecropping an tenant farming

Between 1870 and 1900, farmers did all of the following in an attempt to better their condition EXCEPT

limit production of crops

"Beginning in the 1930s and lasting into the 1940s, black Chicago experienced a cultural renaissance.... Chicago had become a major destination for black southern migrants.... It was also an urban industrial center. This fact gave a unique working-class and internationalist perspective to the cultural work that would take place there.... "A desire to live freely in 'the metropolis' continued to characterize the aspirations of migrants as second-wave Chicago migrants arrived.... The 1930s and 1940s witnessed a resurgence of black working-class political radicalism that was captured and reflected in the expressive visual and literary productions of Chicago Black Renaissance artists." Darlene Clark Hine, historian, The Black Chicago Renaissance, 2012 Before moving to Chicago, the people described in the excerpt most likely were engaged in which of the following?

sharecropping or tenant farming

In his Atlanta Compromise speech, Booker T. Washington called for which of the following?

support for African American self help

In its report for 1890, the United States Census Bureau indicated that

the american frontier could no longer be distinguished from settled areas

In the last half of the nineteenth century, the New South advocates supported

the expansion of Southern industry

According to historian Frederick Jackson Turner, a key factor in the development of American individualism and democracy was

the frontier

All of the following were objectives of W.E.B. DuBois EXCEPT

the implemation of Booker T. Washington's policies for black progress

The "Atlanta Compromise" is the name given to the

the proposal that African Americans emphasize making economic progress over the quest for political and social equality

"Americans faced an overwhelming task after the Civil War and emancipation: how to understand the tangled relationship between two profound ideas—healing and justice.... [T]hese two aims never developed in historical balance. One might conclude that this imbalance between outcomes of sectional healing and racial justice was simply America's inevitable historical condition....But theories of inevitability...are rarely satisfying.... The sectional reunion after so horrible a civil war was a political triumph by the late nineteenth century, but it could not have been achieved without the resubjugation of many of those people whom the war had freed from centuries of bondage. This is the tragedy lingering on the margins and infesting the heart of American history from Appomattox to World War I." Which of the following most directly supports Blight's argument in the excerpt?

the supreme court decision Plessy vs. Ferguson

Frederick Jackson Turner's theory emphasized the significance of the frontier for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

the western frontier had land that could be distributed to former slaves

The 1896 Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson did which of the following?

upheld segregated railroad facilities

All of the following are true of railroad expansion in the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that it

was financed by private corporations without government assistance