test 3 9-11

All of the following statements about psychoactive drugs are TRUE EXCEPT which one?

Psychoactive drugs typically bind to the medulla oblongata.

Which one of the following diseases is caused by a virus?

rabies

Control of respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure is integrated through the

medulla oblongata

By which one of the following methods is a stronger stimulus coded by neurons differently from a weaker stimulus?

A stronger stimulus results in more action potentials/unit time.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding HIV and AIDS?

Due to improved availability of drugs combating HIV in the United States, there is an increase in the life span of people living with AIDS.

How does external respiration differ from internal respiration?

External respiration refers to gas exchange between inhaled air and blood, whereas internal respiration refers to gas exchange between the blood and tissue fluids.

An action potential is a long or rapid release of energy, generated by the sodium-potassium pumps of neurons.T/F

False

Neurotransmitters always cause depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. T/F

False

What is FALSE about lung cancer?

One hundred percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke.

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the spleen?

Red pulp of the spleen stores excess blood.

Which one of the following types of T cells is a critical component of the immune system because it stimulates and enhances the activity of other components of the immune system?

T helper cell

Which immune system cell must be presented with antigen by an antigen-presenting cell such as a macrophage, in order to become appropriately activated?

T lymphocyte

Bacterial pathogens cause symptoms of a disease by invading host cells or by producing toxins that damage host cells. T/F

True

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with blood directly across the alveoli wall.

True

Any substance that produces an inappropriate response of the immune system is referred to as an

allergen

During a brain surgery, a surgeon passes an instrument through the dura mater. Which one of the following does the surgeon pass through next?

arachnoid

Control of smooth muscle and internal organs is the role of the ________ division of the nervous system?

autonomic

The bubonic plague epidemic that swept through Europe between 1348 and 1350 A.D. was induced by a

bacterium

The rate and depth of normal breathing are determined by

carbon dioxide levels in the blood

What system is NOT involved in the process of breathing

circulatory system

Air in the airways that does not participate in gas exchange is known as

dead space volume

Which one of the following is characteristic of T lymphocytes but NOT B lymphocytes?

direct attack of antigen-bearing cells

Which one of the following types of neurotransmitter functions as an inhibitory agent, typically suppressing the sensation of pain?

endorphins

During the ingestion of food or liquid, which one of the following tips to block the opening to the trachea?

epiglottis

Oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood during internal respiration. T/F

false

Convergence occurs when several presynaptic cells

form a synapse with a single postsynaptic cell

A small amount of fluid is contained in the pleural cavity to

function as a lubricant as the lungs move during ventilation

Which one of the following activities would be facilitated by the sympathetic nervous system?

increased blood pressure

Carbaminohemoglobin differs from hemoglobin in that carbaminohemoglobin

is bound to carbon dioxide

HIV is classified as a retrovirus because

it makes a DNA copy of its RNA once inside the host cell

Which one of the following is/are located in the tonsils to filter out many of the microorganisms that enter the throat?

lymphocytes

Which component of the nervous system is divided into the somatic and autonomic divisions?

motor

All of the following are used in making monoclonal antibodies EXCEPT which one?

mouse T cells from thymus

Body defenses that respond to generalized tissue damage and many common pathogens are referred to as

nonspecific mechanisms

Receptor cells in the aortic and carotid bodies respond to changes in blood ________ levels.

oxygen

Which one of the following is a symptom of botulism?

paralysis of muscles used for breathing

During inspiration, intercostal muscles function to

pull the rib cage up and out, so that lung volume increases

Which one of the following diseases is caused by a virus that is introduced to the body through the skin and travels along sensory neurons to the brain?

rabies

During which one of the following phases of an action potential do the sodium channels close and potassium channels open, releasing potassium from the neuron?

repolarization

When repolarization is occurring during an action potential, ________ channels are closed.

sodium

The ________ reflex, an example being the well-known knee-jerk pathway, plays an important role in maintaining upright posture and movement.

stretch

The ________ are lymphatic tissues that protect the throat.

tonsils

Oxygen-rich blood flows through the heart

via the left atrium and ventricle before entering the systemic circuit

Antibodies are classified by size, location, and function, and which one of the following represents the most common type of immunoglobulin?

IgG

Oligodendrocytes are similar to Schwann cells in that they

are a type of neuroglial cell

Why do some physicians advise patients with a bladder infection to drink a lot of cranberry juice?

Cranberry juice makes the urine more acidic, decreasing the rate at which microorganisms can grow and reproduce.

Longer vocal cords generate higher-pitched tones than shorter ones. T/F

False

E-cigarettes are often regulated as a tobacco product that contains chemicals, but they do not contain tobacco. T/F

True

The bacteria that normally live on the mucous membranes of the digestive tract and vagina provide protection against infection with harmful disease-producing microorganisms. T/F

True

When comparing viruses and bacteria, which one of the following statements is CORRECT?

Viruses and bacteria both contain genetic material.