Test 4
According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold. A. choleric B. melancholic C. phlegmatic D. sanguine
A
Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease. A. chronic B. fleeting C. imaginary D. simple
A
Dan avoids applying to college because he doubts he can succeed. He is working a retail job, but he tends to focus on the things he does wrong. In fact, he has almost no confidence in his abilities, and when he experiences a setback at work he is ready to quit. Albert Bandura would say Dan has ________. A. low self-efficacy B. malfunctioning cognitive processes C. no context D. vicarious learning
A
Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy. A. biomedical B. cognitive C. humanistic D. RET
A
Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________. A. appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless B. exhibits three separate personalities, each distinct from the other C. hates being outside the home alone D. refuses to leave his room due to anxiety over what might happen during the day
A
Dr. Grimes conducts a ________ by requesting that his patient respond to ambiguous stimuli, thus revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires. A. projective test B. psychoanalysis C. self-report inventory D. trait analysis
A
Etiology is another word for ________. A. causes B. conditions C. forms D. psychopathology
A
Exhibiting a personality that ________ is a common characteristic of all personality disorders. A. differs markedly from the expectations of one's culture B. is borderline or narcissistic C. is incompatible with Western cultural norms D. is split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self
A
From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku's personality? A. antisocial personality disorder B. dependent personality disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D. paranoid personality disorder
A
Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________. A. extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability B. extroversion/stability; introversion/neuroticism C. phlegmatic/choleric; sanguine/melancholic D. phlegmatic/melancholic; choleric/sanguine
A
Identify the obsession in the following sentence. "Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands." A. concern over germs B. germs C. spending hours washing her hands D. spending hours wiping the surfaces of her home
A
If parents are too lenient in the ________ stage, the child might become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts. A. anal B. genital C. oral D. phallic
A
Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could ________ if used rigidly and compulsively. A. become neurotic strategies B. lose their effectiveness C. result in a complete mental breakdown D. result in obsessive-compulsive behavior
A
Lovell is noticeably fidgety and jittery. He can't sit still; he paces, wrings his hands, and pulls at his clothing constantly. Lovell suffers from psychomotor________. A. agitation B. distress C. rigidity D. tension
A
Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified? A. archetype B. id C. persona D. unconscious anxiety
A
Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this? A. active listening B. indirect empathy C. personal growth D. unconditional positive regard
A
Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max? A. Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview. B. Max has an Oedipus complex. C. Max is an archetype. D. Max is an introvert.
A
Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality? A. avoidant personality disorder B. dependent personality disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder
A
Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________. A. being outside the home alone B. blood C. enclosed spaces D. heights
A
Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. cognitive therapy B. non-directive therapy C. play therapy D. psychodynamic psychotherapy
A
Svetlana admires her boss, Helga. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Svetlana loses all admiration for Helga. Svetlana thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this? A. all-or-nothing thinking B. collapsing boundaries C. jumping to conclusions D. overgeneralization
A
The ________ personality is anxious, self-conscious, artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and private. A. ectomorph B. endomorph C. mesomorph D. somatomorph
A
The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders. A. biological; psychological B. diathesis; supernatural C. medical; stress D. psychological; biological
A
The ________ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next. A. collective unconscious B. gestalt C. id D. ideal self
A
The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the ________. A. client's personal goals B. client's personality as determined during intake C. client's willingness to follow the recommendations of the therapist D. therapist-client relationship
A
The belief that you ________ is an example of a delusion. A. can perform miracles B. can quit smoking C. do not love your parents D. will be arrested for committing a crime
A
What is comorbidity? A. co-occurrence of two disorders B. having two causes for a single disorder C. having two causes of death D. mental disorder leading to death
A
What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, in which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of a family? A. generativity vs. stagnation B. initiative vs. guilt C. intimacy vs. isolation D. trust vs. mistrust
A
What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians? A. Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex. B. Neo-Freudians theorized about personality while Sigmund Freud did not. C. Sigmund Freud did not emphasize childhood sexuality while the neo-Freudians did. D. Sigmund Freud was a feminist while the neo-Freudians were not.
A
What often happened to patients in the early years of using electroshock therapy? A. broke their backs B. cured them C. had no effect D. put them in a coma
A
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "A person diagnosed with a specific anxiety experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear about a particular object or situation." A. change the word "anxiety" to the word "phobia" B. change the word "fear" to the word "terror" C. change the word "specific" to the word "generalized" D. change the word "specific" to the word "simple"
A
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Acrophobia is characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack." A. change the word "acrophobia" to the word "agoraphobia" B. change the word "acrophobia" to the word "arachnophobia" C. change the word "escape" to the word "survive" D. change the word "panic" to the word "heart"
A
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The psychological perspective views disorders as linked to biological phenomena, such as genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities." A. change the word "psychological" to the word "biological" B. change the word "abnormalities" to the word "anomalies" C. change the word "disorders" to the word "pathologies" D. change the word "perspective" to the word "theory"
A
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The stress model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress." A. insert the word "diathesis-" before the first appearance of the word "stress" B. change the first appearance of the word "stress" with the word "trauma" C. change the second appearance of the word "disorder" with the word "diathesis" D. change the word "predisposition" to the word "susceptibility"
A
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Carl Rogers believed most of our psychological problems are the result of repressed impulses and trauma experienced in childhood, and he believed psychoanalysis would help uncover long-buried feelings. A. The name "Carl Rogers" should be changed to the name "Sigmund Freud." B. The word "childhood" should be changed to the word "infancy." C. The word "psychoanalysis" should be changed to the word "humanism." D. The word "repressed" should be changed to the word "conscious."
A
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Research suggests that there are two dimensions of our temperament that are important parts of our adult personality: interactivity and self-regulation. A. The word "interactivity" should be changed to the word "reactivity." B. The word "personality" should be changed to the word "self." C. The word "self-regulation" should be changed to the word "reactivity." D. The word "temperament" should be changed to the word "character."
A
What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? A. An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan. B. An individual's personality is determined in childhood. C. Individuals are either introverts or extroverts. D. The Electra complex caused women to be neurotic.
A
When Fay feels anxious, she retreats to her closet with a flashlight, using the closet as a private hideaway. What coping strategy is Fay using? A. moving away from people B. moving toward people C. regression D. sublimation
A
Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud's theory of development? A. climate of sexual repression B. first wave feminism C. government censorship D. widespread anti-Semitism
A
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder? A. Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to. B. Gemma is quick to anger and is incapable of dealing with a situation in which she is not the center of attention. C. Gemma is submissive and physically clings to the people around her. D. Gemma is very impulsive—as soon as an idea enters her head she acts upon it.
A
Which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care? A. Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized. B. Modern treatments are extremely effective in a short amount of time. C. Most patients aren't mentally ill; they are homeless and need short-term shelter. D. Patients often leave before their doctor releases them.
A
Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders? A. becoming split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self B. feeling sad and hopeless over a long period of time C. memory loss D. rapidly fluctuating mood
A
Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? A. Adderall B. Clozaril C. Lithium D. Xanax
A
Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing a social anxiety disorder? A. behavioral inhibition B. biological predisposition C. displaying a specific phobia D. exhibiting stress
A
Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model? A. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died. B. Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills. C. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression. D. Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis.
A
Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory? A. Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed. B. Rochelle is depressed, so she thinks terrible things will happen. C. Rochelle is in an earthquake and many of her friends die, so she becomes depressed. D. Rochelle stops taking her medication because she does not think medication will help her depression.
A
Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction? A. Jerome C. Wakefield B. John Waller C. Stanley Rachman D. Thomas Szasz
A
________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics. A. heritability B. personality C. temperament D. trait
A
________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders. A. asylums B. churches C. clinics D. hospitals
A
What does research show regarding race and ethnic differences in those who receive mental health services? A. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White, middle-class Americans. B. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services more frequently than White, middle-class Americans. C. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services to the same extent as White, middle-class Americans. D. Ethnically Asian minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than ethnically Black minorities.
A. LESS
A(an) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society. A. Freudian B. inferiority C. neurotic D. psychosocial
B
A(an) ________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an ________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes. A. congruent; incongruent B. external; internal C. internal; external D. real; ideal
B
According to research, how does the public view children and teens with mental health disorders? A. A statistically insignificant number of U.S. adults do not believe children can develop a mental health disorder. B. Over 1,300 U.S. adults believe children with depression are prone to violence. C. Research has not been conducted regarding how the public views children and teens with mental health disorders. D. The majority of U.S. adults do not believe depressed children are capable of violence.
B
After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? A. reaction formation B. regression C. repression D. sublimation
B
Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ________. A. auditory hallucinations B. manic episodes C. paranoia D. visual hallucinations
B
Aversive conditioning is a ________. A. classical conditioning therapeutic technique in which a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has previously elicited an undesirable behavior B. counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior C. form of psychotherapy that aims to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors D. therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors
B
Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the ________. A. collective unconscious B. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator C. Rorschach Inkblot Test D. Tell-me-a-story thematic Apperception Test (TEMAS)
B
Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________? A. asymptomatic B. episodic C. limited in duration to a few weeks D. reoccurring every few months
B
Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder. A. anxiety B. dissociative identity C. personality D. schizophrenia
B
Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client. A. cognitive therapy B. free association C. rational emotive therapy D. transference
B
Exposure therapy is a ________ technique. A. classical conditioning B. counterconditioning C. free association D. psychodynamic
B
For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this? A. dream analysis B. stimulus hierarchy C. virtual hierarchy D. virtual reality exposure
B
How can parents help their children achieve high congruence? A. forcing them to be independent B. giving them unconditional love C. not allowing them to use their defense mechanisms D. pointing out their mistakes
B
How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis? A. Behavior therapy involves free association and dream analysis, while psychoanalysis focuses on the use of classical conditioning to change patterns of thinking. B. In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious. C. In psychoanalysis, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while behavior therapy involves digging deeply into one's unconscious. D. Psychoanalysis involves using free association to work through repressed desires, while behavior therapy focuses on how undesirable behaviors are predicted unconsciously, in our dreams.
B
Identify the compulsion in the following example. Demarco can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size. A. having hundreds of first editions in his book collection B. organizing the books C. thinking about the books all the time D. thinking about the order of the books all the time
B
In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________. A. actions that are not internally motivated B. anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded C. reactions that are externally motivated D. specific actions that result in reactions
B
In the ________ stage, there is a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urges resurface. The young person redirects these urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other-sex parent). A. anal B. genital C. oral D. phallic
B
Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________. A. an external locus on control B. an internal locus of control C. good self-regulation D. poor self-regulation
B
Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails? A. aversion therapy B. aversive conditioning C. experience conditioning D. exposure therapy
B
Kim believed he failed his math class because the test was too hard, passed his psychology class because the professor passed every student in the class, and didn't get the internship because the manager didn't like him. Julian Rotter would say that Kim has ________. A. a dependent personality B. an external locus of control C. an internal locus of control D. low self-efficacy
B
Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________. A. free-floating anxiety disorder B. generalized anxiety disorder C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. persistent depressive disorder
B
Ocean Therapy involves group discussion and ________. A. aversion therapy B. learning how to surf C. sensory deprivation D. swimming with dolphins
B
People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. A. anxiety B. obsessive-compulsive C. personality D. phobia
B
Renzo's therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. aversive conditioning B. behavior therapy C. client-centered therapy D. psychodynamic psychotherapy
B
Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive. A. ego B. id C. superego D. unconscious
B
Statistics show that ________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness. A. 15% B. 26% C. 35% D. 60%
B
Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________. A. healthy cognitive processes B. high self-efficacy C. low self-efficacy D. moderate reciprocal determinism
B
The ________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African-Americans, using images that relate to African-American culture. A. Contemporary Stereotypes B. Contemporized-Themes C. Cultural Themes D. Thematic Subjects
B
The ________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles. A. Julian Rotter B. Rorschach C. TAT D. TEMAS
B
The ________ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual's clinical profile. A. Contemporized-Themes Concerning Blacks Test (C-TCB) B. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) C. Rorschach Inkblot Test D. TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test
B
What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy? A. client's early infancy B. client's present and future C. client's recent past D. client's unconscious desires
B
What is the goal of humanistic therapy? A. helping clients change undesirable behaviors B. helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves C. learning a new response to a stimulus D. treating a client's fear or anxiety
B
What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following example? So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away. A. catatonic behavior B. disorganized thinking C. hallucinations D. paranoid delusions
B
When Imogene feels anxiety, she clings to her mother and father for affection and reassurance. What coping strategy is Imogene using? A. moving against people B. moving toward people C. reaction formation D. repression
B
Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder? A. instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood B. lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds C. overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance D. pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks
B
Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders? A. above average number of phobias B. excessive, persistent fear and anxiety C. inability to control the body's reaction to fear D. sporadic, intense panic attacks
B
Which of the following is false of dissociative disorders? A. People with these disorders become disconnected from their sense of self. B. People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture. C. People with these disorders experience memory and identity disturbances. D. These disorders do not have a physical cause.
B
Which of the following is not part of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory? A. observation learning B. reaction formation C. reciprocal determinism D. self-efficacy
B
Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory? A. advocating for analytical psychology B. suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality C. the idea that men have womb envy D. the theory that our personality develops in psychosocial stages
B
Which principle underlies cognitive therapy? A. Behavior can be conditioned. B. How you think determines how you feel. C. Thoughts cannot be changed. D. Unconscious thoughts influence behavior.
B
Who developed client-centered therapy? A. Abraham Maslow B. Carl Rogers C. Dorothea Dix D. Philippe Pinel
B
Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States? A. Carl Rogers B. Dorothea Dix C. Philippe Pinel D. Sigmund Freud
B
________ can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes as well as elevate cholesterol levels; it can also cause constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, and dizziness. A. antidepressants B. atypical antipsychotics C. mood stabilizers D. stimulants
B
________ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas. A. nursing homes B. rural areas C. schools D. urban areas
B
According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________. A. good parenting B. love C. self-actualization D. self-efficacy
C
According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization? A. ability of the extrovert to become an introvert in the second half of life B. ability of the introvert to become an extrovert in the second half of life C. balance between extroversion and introversion D. moving past the archetypes of the collective unconscious
C
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ________ of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2012. A. 13% B. 15% C. 19% D. 25%
C
Anti-anxiety agents work by ________. A. altering levels of neurotransmitters B. blocking the neurotransmitter dopamine C. depressing central nervous system activity D. improving the ability to focus on tasks
C
Antipsychotic medicines were first introduced in ________. A. 1850 B. 1933 C. 1954 D. 1960
C
Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why? A. Apollonia also suffers from social anxiety disorder. B. Mood disorders are more likely to occur in younger people. C. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis. D. People who grow up with a depressed parent become depressed themselves.
C
As the "third force" in psychology, ________ is touted as a reaction both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorists' view of humans passively reacting to the environment. A. biological determinism B. feminism C. humanism D. social cognition theory
C
Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify? A. archetype B. collective unconscious C. Freudian slip D. repressed memory
C
Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt. A. id B. ideal self C. persona D. superego
C
Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term "patient" ________. A. suggested the person could not be helped B. suggested the person seeking help needed medicine C. suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure D. was too negative
C
Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder. A. antisocial personality B. mood C. posttraumatic stress D. schizotypal personality
C
Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________. A. issues related to being a female therapist treating a male client B. issues related to whether the client is considered normal or deviant C. race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment D. treating everyone the same regardless of cultural background
C
Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________. A. decriminalization of patients B. medicalization of patients C. process of closing large asylums D. treatment of those on parole and probation
C
During which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school, friendships, hobbies, and sports? A. anal B. genital C. latency D. phallic
C
Grace is talking with her wife, Myanna. Myanna starts crying, and Grace immediately assumes that Myanna wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion is this? A. all-or-nothing thinking B. emotional crumbling C. jumping to conclusions D. overgeneralization
C
If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________. A. experiences flashbacks interspersed with depression B. never thinks about the risk that a major depressive episode will follow a manic episode C. often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania D. once started a day euphoric and ended the day tired
C
Immanuel Kant used the terms persistent, steadfast, and calm to describe a ________ person. A. choleric B. melancholic C. phlegmatic D. sanguine
C
In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. aversion therapy B. classical conditioning C. cognitive-behavioral therapy D. free association
C
Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________. A. body dysmorphia B. flight of ideas C. mania D. rapid cycling
C
Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. He cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jerry's personality? A. avoidant personality disorder B. borderline personality disorder C. dependent personality disorder D. narcissistic personality disorder
C
Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe? A. free association B. humanistic C. involuntary D. voluntary
C
The ________ approach to the study of personality came about in reaction to the dominance of Western approaches to the study of personality in non-Western settings. A. culture B. feminist C. indigenous D. TEMAS
C
The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to Hispanic culture. A. Five Factor Model B. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) C. TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test D. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
C
What does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques? A. A meta-analysis suggests that psychodynamic psychoanalysis is the least effective approach. B. Data regarding the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques is unavailable. C. No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another. D. Research shows that cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most effective approach.
C
What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality? A. They are feminist. B. They are multicultural. C. They can be scientifically tested. D. They use animal research.
C
What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality? A. Personality is formed solely in childhood. B. Personality is significantly shaped by the biology of the organism. C. Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism. D. Personality theory should be based on social health.
C
What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem? A. comorbid B. relative C. strategic D. structural
C
What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives? A. absentee B. invisible C. negative D. positive
C
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In aversion therapy, a therapist seeks to treat clients' fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it. A. The phrase "or anxiety" should be eliminated. B. The phrase "or situation" should be eliminated. C. The word "aversion" should be changed to the word "exposure." D. The word "problem" should be changed to the word "anxiety."
C
When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. What coping strategy is Marcos using? A. detachment B. extroversion C. moving against people D. moving with people
C
Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD? A. anterior cortex B. cingulate cortex C. orbitofrontal cortex D. prefrontal cortex
C
Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill? A. churches B. prisons C. psychiatric hospitals D. schools
C
Which of the following is an example of avolition? A. inability to enjoy fine dining B. lack of interest in going out with your friend C. lack of motivation to bathe yourself D. refusing to speak
C
Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide? A. alcohol dependence B. history of previous suicide attempts C. popular music that promotes suicide D. substance abuse
C
Which of the following is not something the theories of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow have in common? A. Both theories are humanistic. B. Both theories focus on individual choices. C. Both theories focus on the personality formed in infancy. D. Both theories reject biological determinism.
C
Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization? A. Once you are conditioned to relax, you will never feel stress again. B. Some people are genetically predisposed to tension. C. You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time. D. You can't enjoy life if you are surrounded by things that induce anxiety.
C
Which question was central to the marshmallow test? A. Do you think you could accomplish great things even when the fates are against you? B. Is your life more like a marshmallow or more like a rock? C. Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later? D. Would you make the same decisions your parent would make?
C
Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality? A. Hippocrates B. Immanuel Kant C. Sigmund Freud D. Wilhelm Wundt
C
Who proposed the locus of control concept? A. Albert Bandura B. Carl Jung C. Julian Rotter D. Walter Mischel
C
Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth? A. Abraham Maslow B. Carl Jung C. Karen Horney D. Sigmund Freud
C
Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________. A. mood disorder B. obsessive-compulsive disorder C. phobia D. psychosis
C
________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person. A. grandiose B. hallucination C. paranoid D. somatic
C
________ involves thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about or planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt. A. flight of ideas B. rumination C. suicidal ideation D. suicide
C
________are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself. A. obsessions B. ruminations C. safety behaviors D. therapies
C
A recent study compared the vaccination histories of 256 children with autism spectrum disorder with that of 752 control children across three time periods during their first two years of life. Researchers found that ________. A. a combination of genetics, mental predisposition, and bad parenting combined with the MMR vaccination caused autism spectrum disorder B. delaying vaccinations lessened the odds that a child would develop autism spectrum disorder after a vaccination C. quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life was related to the development of autism spectrum disorder D. the quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life were not at all related to the development of autism spectrum disorder
D
Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during midwinter. What kind of depression does Alexis have? A. bipolar B. peripartum/postpartum C. persistent depressive D. seasonal pattern
D
An archetype is a ________. A. balance of opposing forces within one's personality B. collective consciousness C. feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society D. pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies
D
Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails. What kind of delusion is this? A. disorganized B. grandiose C. paranoid D. somatic
D
Dr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using? A. cognitive-behavioral therapy B. cognitive therapy C. free association D. humanistic therapy
D
Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this? A. active listening B. client focus C. transference D. unconditional positive regard
D
Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________. A. a mood disorder who do not believe in traditional biomedical approaches B. ADHD who also suffer from anxiety C. auditory hallucinations associated with schizophrenia D. severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy
D
Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. behavior therapy B. cognitive therapy C. humanistic therapy D. psychodynamic psychotherapy
D
Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________. A. associative fugue B. catatonia C. depersonalization D. dissociative fugue
D
In Carl Jung's view, the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of ________ in the second half of life. A. affirming the sexual identity B. resolving the Electra complex C. seeking positive attention D. the self-realization process
D
In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament? A. black bile from the kidneys B. red blood from the heart C. white mucous from the lungs D. yellow bile from the liver
D
Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, "everyone makes mistakes sometimes," he thinks, "I am so stupid." What kind of cognitive distortion is this? A. all-or-nothing thinking B. beating a dead horse C. jumping to conclusions D. overgeneralization
D
Joffrey talks and moves slowly. When asked a question, he answers slowly in monotone monosyllables, if he answers at all. Joffrey is experiencing psychomotor________. A. agitation B. deprivation C. disorder D. retardation
D
Karen Horney described three coping styles when dealing with anxiety. Which of the following is not one of them? A. moving against people B. moving away from people C. moving toward people D. moving with people
D
Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe? A. classical conditioning B. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) C. involuntary D. voluntary
D
Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________. A. classical conditioning B. humanism C. RET D. token economy
D
Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________. A. characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania B. in which an individual experiences mania, characterized by extremely cheerful and euphoric mood, excessive talkativeness, irritability, increased activity levels, and other symptoms C. in which an individual has a tendency to repetitively and passively dwell on one's depressed symptoms, their meanings, and their consequences D. that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth
D
The concept of ________ suggests that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs. A. discrimination emigration B. elective immigration C. personality location D. selective migration
D
The use of ________ can result in decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomachache, and headache. A. anti-anxiety agents B. antipsychotics C. atypical antipsychotics D. stimulants
D
Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with? A. anxiety disorder B. borderline personality disorder C. major depressive disorder D. schizophrenia
D
What did a 2006 special report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) suggest about the amount of mental illness in the criminal justice system? A. Criminals are likely to fake mental illness to avoid trial. B. Criminals plead insanity to get away with index crimes such as murder. C. Criminals with mental illnesses stay in prison in order to receive treatment. D. People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations.
D
What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common? A. conviction that the patient herself is the cause of many people's troubles B. generalized anxiety and specific phobias C. obsession with the suffering of others D. repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts
D
What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial development, in which an individual assesses and makes sense of her life and the meaning of her contributions? A. autonomy vs. shame/doubt B. generativity vs. stagnation C. identity vs. confusion D. integrity vs. despair
D
What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy? A. behavior affects social interaction B. emotions affect thoughts C. social interaction affects emotions D. thoughts affect behavior
D
Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America? A. Desperate Social and Mental Disorders B. Determinants of Social Mental Disorders C. Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
D
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of paranoid personality disorder? A. Rafe believes he is entitled to special treatment from those around him. B. Rafe believes that his dreams are prophetic. C. Rafe is convinced his life has meaning beyond himself. D. Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason.
D
Which of the following is an example of flight of ideas? A. Gilbert attempts suicide, then calls 9-1-1. B. Gilbert exhibits an abundance of energy during his debate session. C. Gilbert speaks in a monotone voice. D. Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly.
D
Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is incorrect? A. Exposure to environmental pollutants such as mercury has been linked to the development of this disorder. B. Genetic factors appear to play a prominent role in the development of this disorder. C. It is characterized by a pervasive pattern of inattention and/or hyperactive and impulsive behavior. D. This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.
D
Which of the following statements about psychoanalysis is false? A. It involves dream analysis. B. It involves free association. C. It was developed by Sigmund Freud. D. It was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century.
D
Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior? A. anxiety B. bipolar C. personality D. schizophrenia
D
Who argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms? A. Isla Fischer B. John Waller C. Marcia Cross D. Thomas Szasz
D
Who believed that our personality traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance? A. Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud B. Carl Rogers and Karen Horney C. Erik Erikson and Abraham Maslow D. Hans and Sybil Eysenck
D
Who designed the first comprehensive system of constitutional psychology? A. Abraham Maslow B. Carl Rogers C. Gordon Allport D. William H. Sheldon
D
Who developed psychoanalysis? A. Carl Jung B. Carl Rogers C. Dorothea Dix D. Sigmund Freud
D
________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year. A. bipolar disorder B. mood disorder C. persistent depressive disorder D. seasonal pattern
D
________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving. A. character B. Jungian C. Rorschach D. trait
D
"Free Association" is a type of learning technique. True False
False
A "compulsion" is an unwanted thought, word, phrase or image that persistently and repeatedly comes to mind and causes distress. True False
False
A personality questionnaire consists of individual items to be answered using multiple choice. True False
False
According to the DSM-5, to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, a person must show at least 5 symptoms for 5 weeks. True False
False
Brodman's area is 51. True False
False
Deviant behavior is the same as disturbed behavior. True False
False
ElectroConvulsive Therapy (ECT) is used with most cases of depression. True False
False
Group Therapy and Support Groups are two names for the same therapeutic technique. True False
False
Personality disorders do not develop until adulthood. True False
False
Psychoanalytic theories originate from the ideas of Alfred Adler. True False
False
Systematic desensitization is used to treat highly complex phobias. True False
False
The "superego" takes in information, from the world around us, for use in determining strategies for obtaining those things we want. True False
False
Twin studies indicate that genetics (i.e., nature) accounts for only 5% of the presence and expression of personality traits. True False
False
Unlike other animals, humans have evolved fear mechanisms as a way to identify situations as being either safe or dangerous. True False
False
"Friendliness" is an example of a personality trait. True False
True
A "Token Economy" literally uses "tokens." True False
True
A "positive symptom" is a symptom that is "present" with a person's schizophrenia. True False
True
A defense mechanism is an unconscious process the mind uses to protect us from feelings of anxiety. True False
True
Behavioral therapies use principles of classical and operant conditioning. True False
True
Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. True False
True
Brain imaging studies show that hallucinations activate the brain in ways similar, but not identical to, real external stimulation from the environment. True False
True
Carl Rogers developed the "Client Centered" therapeutic approach. True False
True
Freud believed that the reasons we act in certain ways are hidden from our awareness. True False
True
Head size can be an indicator of possible autistic spectrum disorder. True False
True
If a woman contracts an infection during pregnancy, the risk of the child developing schizophrenia later in life increases greatly. True False
True
Inter-rater-reliability is a common measure used to ensure those individuals doing the rating are in fairly common agreement as to their measurements. True False
True
Phenothiazines block neurotransmitter dopamine molecules from attaching to synaptic receptor sites. True False
True
Psychoanalytic therapy techniques were first developed by Sigmund Freud. True False
True
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder. True False
True
Schizophrenia occurs as a result of an interaction between biological factors and an abusive environment. True False
True
Stressful events, like social rejection, can start boiological reactions which may result in developing depression. True False
True
Temperament is the biologically based tendency to behave in a certain way. True False
True
The 5th edition of the DSM is DSM-5. True False
True
The evolutionary principle of adaptation states that life forms continue to exist as long as they solve the "problems" of surviving and reproducing. True False
True
The humanistic approach focuses on the idea that people are born with the desire to realize their full potential. True False
True
The main idea behind the biological theory of personality is that differences in the DNA makeup of a person result in differences in arousal level for different situations people encounter in life. True False
True
The presence of hallucinations is an example of positive symptoms. True False
True
The shorter DRD4 version of the gene is associated with "thrill seeking" because it produces high levels of dopamine in the brain. True False
True
The term "personality," refers to the unique and consistent behaviors, feelings, thoughts and motivations expressed by a person. True False
True
To be considered disturbed, a behavior must result in a person being unable to function in the world. True False
True