Testing & Measurement Exam 3

Stigma, the self-fulfilling prophecy, and passivity are all potential consequences of A. divided loyalties B. labeling C. actuarial prediction D. invasion of privacy

B. Labeling

Which of the following is NOT correct with regard to the rights of test takers? A. In order to evaluate an individual's decisions capacity, examiners are required to obtain the individual's consent B. Individuals have a right to know what their own test scores and interpretations are C. If other people will have access to an individual's test results, the individual has a right to know who these people are D. When an examiner uses tests to make important decisions about an individual's life, the examiner is required to give the individual information about how the decisions were reached

A In order to evaluate an individual's decisions capacity, examiners are required to obtain the individual's consent

Computer-adaptive tests A. adjust to individual examinees' responses to test items B. are typically less precise and efficient than fixed-item tests C. take longer to complete than the same tests presented in a traditional format D. allow test-takers to go back and change previously answered question

A. Adjust to individual examinees' responses to test items

Dr. Bunny found that the test item, "I would rather eat jelly beans on Monday than in Tuesday," successfully discriminated between people with schizophrenia and other psychiatric patients. If Dr. Bunny keeps this item on her Schizophrenia Test for this reason alone, she is probably using the ______ strategy of test construction. A. Criterion-group B. Logical content C. Theoretical D. Factor Analytic

A. Criterion-group

The _____________ published standards that specifically addressed the use of psychological tests in selection procedures. A. Equal Employment Opportunities Commission B. Educational Testing Service C. United States Supreme Court D. Federal Trade Commision

A. Equal employment Opportunities Commissions

Which of the following characteristics describes the Thematic Appreception Test (TAT), but not the Rorschach Inkblot Test? A. It was well-received by the scientific community B. It was oversold with extravagant claims C. It was advertised as a diagnostic instrument D. It is used primarily in clinical settings

A. It was well-received by the scientific community

Which of the following statements is FALSE with regard to the Woodworth Personal Data Sheet? A. It yielded several clinical scores and a "fake bad" score B. It was a mass screening test (administered to groups rather than individuals one at a time) C. It was used to identify military recruits likely to break down in combat. D. It was the first personality inventory ever developed

A. It yielded several clinical scores and a "fake bad" score

Frank is a loner who does not like to socialize with others. Frank is highly anxious in social situation s because he is very insecure about his appearance and personality. Based on this information, Frank's NEO-PI-3 profile would probably show a high score on _______ and a low score on ______. A. Neuroticism; extroversion B. Conscientiousness; agreeableness C. Extroversion; openness D. Agreeableness; neuroticism

A. Neuroticism; extroversion

A tool for evaluating the validity of a test in relation to the amount of information it contributes beyond the base rates is the A. Taylor-Russel tables B. Critical Incident analysis C. selection ratio D. Meta analysis

A. Taylor-Russell tables

One of the primary reasons it is difficult to evaluate the overall psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of the Rorschach is A. because there are several ways to score and interpret the Rorschach, published research findings on the test are difficult to compare B. Users of the Rorschach are almost exclusively clinical practitioners, so very little scholarly research is published on the test C. Reliability and validity are not relevant to the Rorschach, since it is a projective test D. although reliability and validity evidence for the Rorschach has been gathered, it is generally published only in doctoral dissertations rather than academic journals

A. because there are several ways to score and interpret the Rorschach, published research findings on the test are difficult to compare

In the interpretation of the Thematic Appreception Test, press refers to A. environmental forces B. Internal conflicts C. Physiological needs D. Unrealistic demands

A. environmental forces

Which trend has generated concerns about inadequate involvement of clinicians in the assessment process? A. increased use of computers to interpret tests B. Stricter ethical guidelines regarding test use C. the proliferation of tests based on empirical research findings D. Increased cost of psychological testing services

A. increased use of computers to interpret tests

Which of the following findings most clearly reflects test bias? A. significantly different slopes in the regression lines predicting criterion scores for male versus female examinees B. consistent and significant differences in mean test scores between Asian American and Caucasian American examinees C. Significant differences in standard deviations, but not means, of test scores between native speakers of the language and non-native speakers of the language D. the same slopes but different intercepts in the regression lines predicting criterion scores for African American and white American examinees

A. significantly different slopes in the regression lines predicting criterion scores for male versus female examinees

Cattell developed this personality test by first identifying all the adjectives that describe personality traits and then using statistical analyses to arrive at basic dimensions that accounted for all the trait variables. This test is.... A. the 16 PF B. the CPI C. The Neo-PI-R D. the EPPS

A. the 16PF

Which of the following is NOT an example of a nonpictorial projective procedure? A. the Holtzman Inkblot Test B. the Kinetic Family Drawing C. the Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank D. the House-Tree-Person Test

A. the Holtzman Inkblot Test

In one study reported in the text, researchers were able to access 850,000 cases in an evaluation of the psychometric properties of a brief IQ test. The unusually large sample size in this study is explained by the fact that A. the brief IQ test was on the Internet B. Examinees received monetary incentives for completing the IQ test C. the data set was collected over a period of 20 years D. most examinees completed the IQ test several times

A. the brief IQ test was on the internet

Which of the following is not a problem with most cognitive-behavioral self-report measures and procedures? A. there are too few of them available B. they are subject to response biases C. they lack evidence of reliability and validity D. the assume responses have face validity

A. there are too few of them availible

Research on the measurement of positive personality traits has found that A. various measures of different positive personality traits are measuring a single construct B. positive and negative affect are two separate and unique constructs C. the presence of positive affect does not appear to minimize the effects of negative affect D. measures of positive personality traits are more reliable than measures of negative personality traits.

A. various measures of different positive personality traits are measuring a single construct

Research indicates that on standardized aptitude and intelligence tests, African Americans tend to score, on average, about ____ standard deviation(s) lower than white Americans A. 0.5 B. 1.0 C. 1.5 D. 2.0

B. 1.0

The Rorschach Inkblot Test consists of _________ stimulus cards A. 5 B. 10 C. 12 D. 30

B. 10

Imagine that the National Football League was considering using a test to help make decisions about which players would be drafted into the professional league. The percentage of people who are drafted into the National Football League without the use of the test is the A. selection ration B. base rate C. cutting score. D. hit rate

B. Base rate

Sharon is taking the Rorschach Inkblot Test. When shown one of the cards, Sharon says "this whole thing, it looks like one huge butterfly." Sharon's response can easily be scores in terms of its A. location and determinant B. Content and location C. Determinant and content D. Determinant and form quality

B. Content and location

If a test is being used to make a dichotomous decision (e.g., suitable or unsuitable for the job), the __________________ marks the point of decision A. base rate B. cutting score C. hit rate D. criterion score

B. Cutting score

With regard to a central criticism of the Rorschach, the problem of "R" refers to the fact that A. reliability of the test is very low B. Examinees can give as many responses as they wish C. Examinees often cannot remember their responses during the inquiry phase D. Revised versions of the test do not show adequate psychometric properties

B. Examinees can give as many responses as they wish

Which of the following is a problem of BOTH the CPI and MMPI? A. very low test-retest reliability coefficients B. Higher inter-correlations among the subscales C. Lack of standardized scoring procedures D. Very few empirical studies documenting criterion validity

B. Higher inter-correlations among the subscales

Through the use of signal detection procedures, Saccuzzo and his colleagues discovered that information processing speed was slower among _____ than control subjects. A. Intelligent subjects B. Subjects with schizophrenia C. Neurotic subjects D. Subjects with children

B. Subjects with schizophrenia

Which of the following tests specifically addresses the problem of minority children being misclassified as mentally retarded by examining medical, social-system, and pluralistic factors? A. The Chitling Test B. the SOMPA C. The BITCH D. The WISC

B. The SOMPA

Traditional assessment and treatment models focus more on _________, whereas cognitive-behavioral assessment and treatment models target _________. A. Environmental causes of problems; psychological causes of problems B. Underlying causes of symptoms; the symptoms themselves C. Psycholgoical causes of problems; environmental causes of problems D. The symptoms themselves; underlying causes of symptoms

B. Underlying causes of symptoms; the symptoms themselves

Studies have shown that professional school entrance exams such as the MCAT and LSAT A. are poor predictors of grades in the relevant professional programs B. Are poor predictors of real-life professional performance and success C. Currently are used much less frequently by professional programs to select students than in the past D. are highly correlated with non-cognitive predictors of success in professional practice

B. are poor predictors of real-life professional performance and success

Unqualified individualists would most likely A. accept the use of quotas in the selection of employees B. Consider race or gender in the selection process if these variables were valid predictors of job success C. Reject the notion that if a test is shown to be a valid predictor, it is a fair test D. Be more concerned about discrimination than about job performance

B. consider race or gender in the selection process if these variables were valid predictors of job success

In recent years, the National Education Association and others have called for the development and use of _____ testing as an alternative assessment approach in the public school system. A. standardized B. performance C. Norm-referenced D. High-stakes

B. performance

According to Beck, ____ are cognitive frameworks that organize prior experience, guide the interpretations of new experiences, and shape expediencies and predictions. A. behavioral deficits B. schemas C. Behavioral excesses D. Psychological disorders

B. schemas

Incremental validity refers to A. the degree to which a test accurately predicts success on a criterion measure B. the amount of information a test provides beyond what is known without using the test C. the extent to which a test is valid for inferences involving success in employment settings D. Evidence that a test is a cost-effective tool to aid in decision-making

B. the amount of information a test provides beyond what is known without using the test

Which of the following would be of least interest to a social ecologist? A. the relationship between room temperature and productivity in the workplace B. the influence of workers' self-esteem on responses to performance feedback C. the impact of an enforced dress code on student learning D. the relationship between number of hours on-call and medical residents' stress levels

B. the influence of workers' self-esteem on responses to performance feedback

Which of the following might be an item on the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) or the Irrational Beliefs Test (IBT)? A. "I prefer to take my time on a project rather than rush through it." B. "I get upset when someone tries to take advantage of me." C. " If I am not involved in a romantic relationship it means I am unlovable". D. "Sometimes I think about changing my career focus."

C. "If I am not involved in a romantic relationship it means that I am unlovable."

Which regard to psychological testing, ethical guidelines concerning ________ focus specifically on the question of who has access to examinees' test results. A. the responsibilities of test developers B. informed consent C. confidentiality D. Test security

C. Confidentiality

Which of the following is NOT a mode through which we experience the world, according to Carl Jung? A. feeling B. sensing C. Creating D. Thinking

C. Creating

Which of the following methods is used to identify biased test items by equating groups on the basis of overall test scores and then evaluating differences between groups of examinees on particular items? A. regression analyses B. adverse impact analysis C. differential item analysis D. Differential validity

C. Differential item analysis

Which of the following strategies is used to assess blood pressure, skin conductance, papillary dilations, and erectile responses? A. Cognitive-functional analysis B. self-monitoring procedures C. Psychophysiological techniques D. SIgnal detection strategies

C. Psychophysiological techniques

Equations based on utility theory to calculate the value of test data used in selection decisions A. requires that the criterion be a dichotomous variable B. are widely used among manager who make personnel decisions C. Require the estimation of dollar values associated with different performance levels D. Shifts the subjective judgement to estimating the coefficient of variation of the criterion.

C. Require the estimation of dollar values associated with different performance levels

JIm was given a battery of tests, including the MMPI, in order to help determine whether he is competent to stand trial for attempted murder. Jim wants to avoid the trail as long as possible, because he believes the prosecutor's case against him is very strong. In other words, Jim is very invested in being found incompetent to stand trial due to severe psychological problems. Given this information, you might expect to see an elevation on which scale of the MMPI? A. The L scale B. The K scale C. The F scale D. The Si scale

C. The F Scale

Cognitive-behavioral assessment involves the valuation of the frequency, intensity, and duration of identified (problematic) critical responses. This evaluation establishes A. possible reasons why the response occurs B. the value of an intervention C. the baseline for the response D. the goal of an intervention

C. The baseline for the response

Which of the following questions would be asked of an examinee during the inquiry phase of a Rorschach examination? A. What might this be? B. Can you see a bat or a butterfly? C. What made it look like a mountain lion? D. Are you finished with this card?

C. What made it look like a mountain lion

The projective hypothesis suggests that: A. we tend to project negative feelings about ourselves onto other people in order to elevate our sense of self-worth B. personality tests should be validated by forming hypotheses about the relation of test scores to external behavior, and making projections about expected correlations C. When we interpret ambiguous stimuli, we project our own thoughts, needs and conflicts onto those stimuli D. Behavior is determined in part by projecting ourselves into the future and attempting to accomplish tasks that will allow us to reach future goals.

C. When we interpret ambiguous stimuli, we project our own thoughts, needs, and conflicts onto those stimuli.

Studies demonstrate the minority children obtain relatively lower scores on contemporary standardized intelligence test (such as the WISC). Most researchers agree that racial differences in test scores A. are obtained because the majority of the items in these tests are culturally loaded B. are a result of only a few, but heavily-weighted, culturally loaded items C. Cannot be attributed to culturally loaded items D. are found in a small minority of studies that examine racial differences in test scores

C. cannot be attributed to culturally loaded terms.

Seven-year-old Candace throws a temper tantrum whenever she is asked to eat vegetables. According to Kanfer and Saslow's model, Candace is exhibiting A. a behavioral deficit B. a psychological disorder C. Immature behavior D. a Behavioral excess

D. A behavioral excess

Christopher was selected for a job on the basis of a test score. However, he performed so poorly he was fired just two months later. This case illustrates A. a false negative B. a base rate C. a hit rate D. a false positive

D. A false positive

Currently, interpretations of the MMPI are based on A. Examination of single scale elevations B. Comparisons of MMPI profiles with MMPI-2 profiles C. Subjective judgments by experienced clinicians D. Analysis of patterns of elevation across two or more scales

D. Analysis of patterns of elevation across two or more scales

Which of the following is true about the use of computers in psychological testing? A. Computer-assisted interviews are typically less valid than traditionally-administered interviews B. Computers have never been used to provide therapeutic support to clients C. Computer-scored projective personality tests have demonstrated adequate validity D. Computers have not been able to successfully score written essays

D. Computers have not been able to successfully score written essays

An item on an intelligence test designed by a British test developer reads, "What does one do in a loo?" Because the term loo is unfamiliar to most American children, they would probably answer the item incorrectly. This is an example of A. adverse impact B. criterion-related bias C. Differential validity D. Content-related bias

D. Content-related bias

The _______ is a personality test that yields ipsative scores? A. 16PF B. CPI C. NEO-PI-3 D. EPPS

D. EPPS

The Thematic Apperception Test was developed by A. Exner B. Freud C. Holtzman D. Murray

D. Murray

Raw scores on the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) are converted into standard scores called _______ that have a mean of ________. A. T-scores; 10 B. Z-scores; 0 C. Sten scores; 50 D. T-scores; 50

D. T-scores; 50

A quick intelligence test used to help make employment decisions in business and industry is the A. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator B. Revised Minnesota Paper Form Board Test C. Differential Aptitude Test D. Wonderlic Personnel Test

D. Wonderlic Personnel Test

The interpretation of test results using a set of rules or formulas reflects a(n) ___________ approach to prediction A. clinical B. unbiased C. inflexible D. actuarial

D. actuarial

One assumption of questionable accuracy made by testers is that human characteristics and traits A. are strongly influenced by the context or environment B. cannot be reliably measured C. Are variable across situations D. Are stable overtime

D. are stable overtime

Quota systems A. result in the selection of few minority group members B. Select individuals with the highest predicted criterion score C. Have been termed "color blind" selection procedures D. select predetermined percentages of individuals from different groups

D. select predetermined percentages of individuals from different groups.

Reviewers of research on employment interviews have concluded that A. interviewers generally look for positive and favorable evidence about an interviewee B. Communication skills, eye contact, and enthusiasm do not influence the outcomes of interviews C. Few if any studies have examined the influence of personal characteristics such as age, gender, and race on interview outcomes D. Structured interview formats are far superior to unstructured interview formats

D. structured interview formats are far superior to unstructured interview formats