Textiles Ch 2

single

a continuous stand of yarn.

filament

a fiber of extreme or indefinite length. the length permits a yarn to be made with little or no twist.

EPA

a government agency responsible for control and abatement of pollution of air and water by solid waste, pesticides, and radioactive and toxic substances.

ASTM

a nonprofit organization that develops and establishes test methods for materials, products, systems, and services.

spinneret

a nozzle with 1 to more than 1000 holes

creel

a rack onto which spools are placed to create a warp

synthetic

a term applied to any manufactured fiber other than rayon, acetate, or regenerated protein fiber.

ply

a yarn formed by twisting together two or more single yarns in one operation.

cable

a yarn made with a cable twist as in s/z/s or z/s/z

denier

an international numbering system for describing linear densities of silk and manufactured filament.

slub

an uneven, elongated, and somewhat thick section of a yarn considered a flaw in some fabrics such as satin but valued for adding texture in other fabrics.

bast

woody material such as flax, hemp, jute, or ramie obtained from the inner cortex of the bark.

chenille

French for caterpillar a soft tufted cotton, silk, or worsted yarn.

regenerated fibers

fibers that are chemically processed from cellulose using for example wood chips.

sercin

gum produced by the silk worms gland.

multifilament

manufactured filaments composed of many fine fibers.

retting

process of separating bast fibers from the natural gum and wooden matter of the plant stalk.

nap

protruding fiber ends from the surface of one or both sides of a fabric, giving a fuzzy appearance and produced by brushing and elevating the fibers.

staple

short fibers. require spinning and twisting to create yarn. when manufactured cut in lengths 1in to 1.5 in.

polymers

substances created by the reaction of two or more monomers that have reactive groups allowing them to join forming long chain-like molecules.

thermoplastic

the capability of a yarn or filament to be softened with heat after it had hardened and cooled.

bicomponent

the combing of two polymers of different chemical or physical properties similar compounds into one filament and extruding them through the same spinneret.

wicking

the drawing up and transfer of liquid in fibers or filaments through capillary action.

throwing

the process of making a twisted yarn from reeled silk or adding an additional twist into manufactured filament.

loft

the quality of rebound or springiness in a natural or manufactured yarn.

cord

the result of twisting together ply yarns in a third twisting process.

boll

the seed pod of the cotton plant.