Textiles Ch 2
single
a continuous stand of yarn.
filament
a fiber of extreme or indefinite length. the length permits a yarn to be made with little or no twist.
EPA
a government agency responsible for control and abatement of pollution of air and water by solid waste, pesticides, and radioactive and toxic substances.
ASTM
a nonprofit organization that develops and establishes test methods for materials, products, systems, and services.
spinneret
a nozzle with 1 to more than 1000 holes
creel
a rack onto which spools are placed to create a warp
synthetic
a term applied to any manufactured fiber other than rayon, acetate, or regenerated protein fiber.
ply
a yarn formed by twisting together two or more single yarns in one operation.
cable
a yarn made with a cable twist as in s/z/s or z/s/z
denier
an international numbering system for describing linear densities of silk and manufactured filament.
slub
an uneven, elongated, and somewhat thick section of a yarn considered a flaw in some fabrics such as satin but valued for adding texture in other fabrics.
bast
woody material such as flax, hemp, jute, or ramie obtained from the inner cortex of the bark.
chenille
French for caterpillar a soft tufted cotton, silk, or worsted yarn.
regenerated fibers
fibers that are chemically processed from cellulose using for example wood chips.
sercin
gum produced by the silk worms gland.
multifilament
manufactured filaments composed of many fine fibers.
retting
process of separating bast fibers from the natural gum and wooden matter of the plant stalk.
nap
protruding fiber ends from the surface of one or both sides of a fabric, giving a fuzzy appearance and produced by brushing and elevating the fibers.
staple
short fibers. require spinning and twisting to create yarn. when manufactured cut in lengths 1in to 1.5 in.
polymers
substances created by the reaction of two or more monomers that have reactive groups allowing them to join forming long chain-like molecules.
thermoplastic
the capability of a yarn or filament to be softened with heat after it had hardened and cooled.
bicomponent
the combing of two polymers of different chemical or physical properties similar compounds into one filament and extruding them through the same spinneret.
wicking
the drawing up and transfer of liquid in fibers or filaments through capillary action.
throwing
the process of making a twisted yarn from reeled silk or adding an additional twist into manufactured filament.
loft
the quality of rebound or springiness in a natural or manufactured yarn.
cord
the result of twisting together ply yarns in a third twisting process.
boll
the seed pod of the cotton plant.