the 13 colonies

13 colonies

ENGLISH COLONIAL EXPANSION Sixteenth-century England was a tumultuous place. Because they could make more money from selling wool than from selling food, many of the nation's landowners were converting farmers' fields into pastures for sheep. This led to a food shortage; at the same time, many agricultural workers lost their jobs. Did You Know? Virginia Dare, the first American-born child of English parents, was born in Roanoke in 1587. The 16th century was also the age of mercantilism, an extremely competitive economic philosophy that pushed European nations to acquire as many colonies as they could. As a result, for the most part, the English colonies in North America were business ventures. They provided an outlet for England's surplus population and (in some cases) more religious freedom than England did, but their primary purpose was to make money for their sponsors. THE TOBACCO COLONIES In 1606, King James I divided the Atlantic seaboard in two, giving the southern half to the London Company (later the Virginia Company) and the northern half to the Plymouth Company. The first English settlement in North America had actually been established some 20 years before, in 1587, when a group of colonists (91 men, 17 women and nine children) led by Sir Walter Raleigh settled on the island of Roanoke. Mysteriously, by 1590 the Roanoke colony had vanished entirely. Historians still do not know what became of its inhabitants. In 1606, just a few months after James I issued its charter, the London Company sent 144 men to Virginia on three ships: the Godspeed, the Discovery and the Susan Constant. They reached the Chesapeake Bay in the spring of 1607 and headed about 60 miles up the James River, where they built a settlement they called Jamestown. The Jamestown colonists had a rough time of it: They were so busy looking for gold and other exportable resources that they could barely feed themselves. It was not until 1616, when Virginia's settlers learned how to grow tobacco, that it seemed the colony might survive. The first African slaves arrived in Virginia in 1619. In 1632, the English crown granted about 12 million acres of land at the top of the Chesapeake Bay to Cecilius Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore. This colony, named Maryland after the queen, was similar to Virginia in many ways. Its landowners produced tobacco on large plantations that depended on the labor of indentured servants and (later) African slaves. But unlike Virginia's founders, Lord Baltimore was a Catholic, and he hoped that his colony would be a refuge for his persecuted coreligionists. Maryland became known for its policy of religious toleration for all. THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES The first English emigrants to what would become the New England colonies were a small group of Puritan separatists, later called the Pilgrims, who arrived in Plymouth in 1620. Ten years later, a wealthy syndicate known as the Massachusetts Bay Company sent a much larger (and more liberal) group of Puritans to establish another Massachusetts settlement. With the help of local natives, the colonists soon got the hang of farming, fishing and hunting, and Massachusetts prospered. As the Massachusetts settlements expanded, they generated new colonies in New England. Puritans who thought that Massachusetts was not pious enough formed the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven (the two combined in 1665). Meanwhile, Puritans who thought that Massachusetts was too restrictive formed the colony of Rhode Island, where everyone-including Jews-enjoyed complete "liberty in religious concernments." To the north of the Massachusetts colony, a handful of adventurous settlers formed the colony of New Hampshire. THE MIDDLE COLONIES In 1664, King Charles II gave the territory between New England and Virginia, much of which was already occupied by Dutch traders and landowners called patroons, to his brother James, the Duke of York. The English soon absorbed Dutch New Netherland and renamed it New York, but most of the Dutch people (as well as the Belgian Flemings and Walloons, French Huguenots, Scandinavians and Germans who were living there) stayed put. This made New York one of the most diverse and prosperous colonies in the New World. In 1680, the king granted 45,000 square miles of land west of the Delaware River to William Penn, a Quaker who owned large swaths of land in Ireland. Penn's North American holdings became the colony of "Penn's Woods," or Pennsylvania. Lured by the fertile soil and the religious toleration that Penn promised, people migrated there from all over Europe. Like their Puritan counterparts in New England, most of these emigrants paid their own way to the colonies-they were not indentured servants-and had enough money to establish themselves when they arrived. As a result, Pennsylvania soon became a prosperous and relatively egalitarian place. THE SOUTHERN COLONIES By contrast, the Carolina colony, a territory that stretched south from Virginia to Florida and west to the Pacific Ocean, was much less cosmopolitan. In its northern half, hardscrabble farmers eked out a living. In its southern half, planters presided over vast estates that produced corn, lumber, beef and pork, and-starting in the 1690s-rice. These Carolinians had close ties to the English planter colony on the Caribbean island of Barbados, which relied heavily on African slave labor, and many were involved in the slave trade themselves. As a result, slavery played an important role in the development of the Carolina colony. (It split into North Carolina and South Carolina in 1729.) In 1732, inspired by the need to build a buffer between South Carolina and the Spanish settlements in Florida, the Englishman James Oglethorpe established the Georgia colony. In many ways, Georgia's development mirrored South Carolina's. In 1700, there were about 250,000 European and African settlers in North America's thirteen English colonies. By 1775, on the eve of revolution, there were nearly 2.5 million. These colonists did not have much in common, but they were able to band together and fight for their independence.

connecticut

Facts about the Connecticut Colony Fact 1 History Year Founded: 1636 by Thomas Hooker and others, at Hartford Fact 2 Cities Major Towns / Cities: Hartford, New Haven Fact 3 Industries Major Industries: Agriculture (wheat, corn, fishing) Fact 4 Geography Geography: Narrow lowlands and hilly eastern upland. The basic geography of New England consisted of mountains thick with trees, rivers and poor rocky soil that was difficult to farm and unsuitable for crops Fact 5 Climate Climate: New England was the coldest of the three regions, mild and short summers leading to long, cold winters but less disease than in the warmer colonies Fact 6 Religion Religion: There was no religious freedom in the areas inhabited by the Puritans as they did not tolerate any other form of religion - refer to Religion in the Colonies Fact 7 Raw Materials Natural Resources: Fish, whales, forests. Imported agricultural products from other colonies. Farming was difficult for crops like wheat because of the poor soil but corn, pumpkins, rye, squash and beans were raised Fact 8 Economy Economics and Trade: Concentrated in manufacture and focussed on town life and industries such as ship building and the manufacture and export of rum Fact 9 Government Government: In 1775 Connecticut was governed as a Charter Colony. Fact 10 Economy Original Name: The original name of the colony was the Connecticut Colony, later Connecticut Fact 11 Trade and Industries In towns along the coast, the colonists made their living fishing, whaling, and shipbuilding. Whale oil was a valuable resource as it could be used in lamps. Industries and trade in the New England colonies included fish, whale products, shipping, shipbuilding, timber products, furs, maple syrup, copper, livestock products, horses, rum, whiskey and beer Fact 12 Economy Farming was difficult for crops like wheat because of the poor soil but corn, pumpkins, rye, squash and beans were planted. Fact 13 History 1637 The Pequot War - The Pequots were defeated by the colonists, who were led by John Underhill and John Mason, and the Narragansetts and Mohegans who were their allies Fact 14 Trade / Exports Fish, timber, furs, ships and livestock

new jersey

Facts about the New Jersey Colony Fact 1 History Year Founded: 1664 by English colonists refer to article on Lords Proprietors Fact 2 Cities Major Towns / Cities: Trenton, Princeton Fact 3 Geography Geography: Mountains in the northeast, lowlands from Lake Ontario along the Canadian border. Atlantic coastal plain. The general geography of the Middle Colonies had a mix of the New England and Southern features but had fertile soil and land that was suited to farming Fact 4 Climate Climate: The Middle Colonies had a mild climate with warm summers and mild winters that were suited to farming and agriculture Fact 5 Religion Religion: Not dominated by a specific religion which gave way to religious freedom for Quakers, Catholics, Lutherans, Jews and others. Refer to Religion in the Colonies Fact 6 Raw Materials Natural Resources: Good farmland, timber, furs and coal. Iron ore was a particularly important natural resource Fact 7 Industries Major Industries: Exported agricultural products and natural resources including cattle, grain, rice, indigo (dye), wheat Fact 8 Manufacturing Manufacturing: Manufactured iron ore products such as plows, tools, kettles, locks, nails and large blocks of iron which they exported to England Fact 9 Government Government: By 1775 New Jersey was governed as a Royal Colony. Fact 10 History Original Name: The original name of the colony was the Province of New Jersey, later New Jersey Fact 11 History Reason for Founding: Trade and profits Fact 12 Economy New Jersey was often referred to as a breadbasket colony because it grew so many crops, especially wheat. The wheat was ground into flour in flour mills then shipped to England. Fact 13 Economy A typical farm was 50 to 150 acres consisting of a house, barn, yard and fields Fact 14 History In 1664 the British take control of New Jersey from the Dutch Fact 15 History In 1676 the New Jersey Colony is divided into East Jersey and West Jersey Fact 16 History In 1702 East and West Jersey combined into one colony Fact 17 History In 1746 Princeton University was founded Fact 18 Trade / Exports The Middle Colonies were the big food producing region that included corn and wheat and livestock including beef and pork. Other industries included the production of iron ore, lumber, textiles, furs and shipbuilding - refer to Colonial Times

rhode island

Facts about the Rhode Island Colony Fact 1 History Year Founded: 1636 by Roger Williams and others, at Providence Fact 2 Cities Major Towns / Cities: Providence Fact 3 Industries Major Industries: Agriculture (livestock, dairy, fishing). Fish included cod, mackerel, herring, halibut, hake, bass and sturgeon and whales. Manufacturing (lumbering). Breweries and distilleries producing rum Fact 4 Geography Geography: Flat rolling hills and lowlands. The basic geography of New England consisted of mountains thick with trees, rivers and poor rocky soil that was difficult to farm and unsuitable for crops Fact 5 Climate Climate: New England was the coldest of the three regions, mild and short summers leading to long, cold winters but less disease than in the warmer colonies Fact 6 Religion Religion: There was no religious freedom in the areas inhabited by the Puritans as they did not tolerate any other form of religion. Refer to Religion in the Colonies Fact 7 Raw Materials Natural Resources: Fish, whales, forests. Imported agricultural products from other colonies. Farming was difficult for crops like wheat because of the poor soil but corn, pumpkins, rye, squash and beans were raised Fact 8 Trade Economics and Trade: Concentrated in manufacture and focussed on town life and industries such as ship building and the manufacture and export of rum. Industries and trade in the New England colonies included fish, whale products, shipping, shipbuilding, timber products, furs, maple syrup, copper, livestock products, horses, rum, whiskey and beer Fact 9 Government Government: In 1775 Rhode Island was governed as a Charter Colony. Fact 10 History The first Colonists arrived from England aboard the Ark and the Dove Fact 11 Name Original Name: The original name of the colony was the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, later Rhode Island Fact 12 Economy In towns along the coast, the colonists made their living fishing, whaling, and shipbuilding. Whale oil was a valuable resource as it could be used in lamps. Fact 13 Economy Farming was difficult for crops like wheat because of the poor soil but corn, pumpkins, rye, squash and beans were planted. Fact 14 History In 1636 Roger Williams, a religious exile from Massachusetts, was the founder of Providence as a Rhode Island settlement and was followed by Anne Hutchinson Fact 15 History In 1638 the Portsmouth compact was signed Fact 16 History In 1663 King Charles II granted the royal Charter of Rhode Island Fact 17 Trade / Exports Fish, timber, furs, ships and livestock Fact 18 Industries By 1761, Rhode Island, had 22 distilleries and three sugar refineries

south carolina

South Carolina Colony Facts The South Carolina Colony was one of the 13 original colonies in America. The 13 original colonies were divided into three regions including the New England Colonies, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies. The South Carolina Colony was one of the five Southern Colonies which also included the North Carolina Colony, the Georgia Colony, the Virginia Colony, and the Maryland Colony. The South Carolina Colony was originally one colony along with the North Carolina, which was founded in 1633 under the Charter of Carolina. In 1712 the original colony was divided into North and South Carolina. In 1729 the South Carolina Colony became a royal colony. The name 'Carolina' originated from the Latin word for Charles - 'Carolus'. Interesting South Carolina Colony Facts: The original colony that encompassed both North and South Carolina was founded by the Lords Proprietors under a Royal Charter granted by King Charles II. The South Carolina Colony was originally named the Province of South Carolina before being referred to as the South Carolina Colony, and eventually South Carolina. The South Carolina Colony allowed for religious freedom, but relied heavily on slavery for its prosperity in plantation farming. The South Carolina Colony's original settlers were English plantation owners who relied on slavery to keep their operations running and profitable. The South Carolina Colony plantation grew a variety of crops including cotton, tobacco, vegetables, fruit, and livestock. The plantations in the South Carolina Colony were often massive. They included a main house, slave quarters, barns, a smokehouse, blacksmith shop, and laundry, in addition to the farm and agricultural lands. Items that could not be made on the plantations were acquired by trading for the agricultural products they grew. Items they had to acquire through trade often included dishes, shoes, thread, and farming tools. Natural resources in the South Carolina Colony included forests, fish, and land suitable for farming and large plantations. The warm climate of the Southern Colonies made it suitable for farming and agricultural pursuits most of the year. The downside to the warmer climate was that it was much easier for diseases to thrive and spread. Winters and cold climates could help to slow the spread of disease. The population of the South Carolina Colony was largely dominated by African-Americans in the late 1700s due to the prevalence of slavery. During the colonial period the South Carolina Colony region was hit by four major hurricanes. South Carolina leaders on the road to independence included Christopher Gadsden, Arthur Middleton, and Henry Laurens. In 1776 South Carolina set up their own independent government and John Rutledge was appointed president. The South Carolina Colony ratified the United States Constitution in 1788, making it the eighth U.S. state. In 1861 South Carolina seceded from the Union. The first shots fired during the Civil War were fired in South Carolina's Fort Sumter. South Carolina eventually rejoined the Union in 1868. Because of war and destruction and the abolishment of slavery in South Carolina, the economy suffered. It had been dependent largely on agriculture and the free labor was gone.

massachussets

The Plymouth Colony was founded in 1620 by Pilgrim Fathers, or Pilgrims, sail on the Mayflower Ship and founded the colony at Plymouth, Massachusetts based on the Mayflower Compact. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded in 1630 by John Winthrop and other colonists. Fact 2 Cities Major Towns / Cities: Boston, Quincy, Plymouth, Salem, Lexington, Concord Fact 3 Industries Major Industries: Agriculture (fishing, corn, livestock), Manufacturing (lumbering, shipbuilding). Fact 4 Geography Geography: Jagged coast and hills. The basic geography of New England consisted of mountains thick with trees, rivers and poor rocky soil that was difficult to farm and unsuitable for crops Fact 5 Climate Climate: New England was the coldest of the three regions, mild and short summers leading to long, cold winters but less disease than in the warmer colonies Fact 6 Religion Religion: There was no religious freedom in the areas inhabited by the Puritans as they did not tolerate any other form of religion. Refer to Religion in the Colonies Fact 7 Raw Materials Natural Resources: Fish, whales, forests. Imported agricultural products from other colonies. Farming was difficult for crops like wheat because of the poor soil but corn, pumpkins, rye, squash and beans were raised Fact 8 Economy Economics and Trade: Concentrated in manufacture and focussed on town life and industries such as ship building and the manufacture and export of rum Fact 9 Government Government: By 1775 Massachusetts was governed as a royal province while operating under a charter Fact 10 History Original Name: The original name of the colony was the Province of Massachusetts Bay, later Massachusetts and Maine Fact 11 Economy In towns along the coast, the colonists made their living fishing, whaling, and shipbuilding. Whale oil was a valuable resource as it could be used in lamps. Fact 12 Economy Farming was difficult for crops like wheat because of the poor soil but corn, pumpkins, rye, squash and beans were planted. Fact 13 History In 1692 the Salem Witchcraft Trials last for three months from June to September Fact 14 Trade / Exports Fish, timber, furs, ships and livestock Fact 15 Famous Battles Battle of Lexington and the Battle of Concord Fact 16 History The Colony became a state on February 6, 1788. For additional facts and info refer to the Change from Colonies to States Facts Subject Facts about the Massachusetts Colony Massachusetts Colony Fact File

Virginia

Virginia. Founded: 1607 by John Smith and others, at Jamestown. Major Industry: Plantation agriculture (tobacco, wheat, corn) Major Cities: Jamestown, Williamsburg, Richmond. Colony Named for: England's "Virgin Queen," Elizabeth I. Became a State: June 25, 1788. More on Colonial Virginia. Jamestown. Colonial Williamsburg.

maryland

Year Founded: 1633 by Lord Baltimore and others as a refuge for English Catholics, at Baltimore Fact 2 Cities Major Towns / Cities: Baltimore, Annapolis Fact 3 Industries Major Industries: Manufacturing (shipbuilding, iron works), Agriculture (corn, wheat, rice, indigo). The Maryland Legislature passed an "Act for the Encouragement of an Iron Manufacture within this Province" in 1719 Fact 4 Geography Geography of Maryland: Coastal plains, peidmont plateau, and the Blue Ridge, separated by the Chesapeake Bay Fact 5 Climate Climate: The Southern colonies were the warmest of the three regions, winters not difficult to survive, but the hot and humid summers gave rise to the spread of disease. The warm climate made it possible to grow crops throughout the year and was ideally suited for plantations Fact 6 Climate Climate: The warm climate made it possible to grow crops throughout the year and was ideally suited for plantations Fact 7 Religion Religion: Not dominated by a specific religion which gave way to religious freedom for Baptists, Catholics, Anglicans and others. Refer to Religion in the Colonies Fact 8 Raw Materials Natural Resources: Fish, forests (timber) and good agricultural land. Farming and Plantations were important. Exported agricultural products to other colonies Fact 9 Economy Economics and Trade: Concentrated on agriculture and developed the plantations exporting tobacco, cotton, corn, vegetables, grain, fruit and livestock Fact 10 Government Government: By 1775 Maryland was governed as a Proprietary Colony. Fact 11 Geography Geography: Maryland is about 250 miles long and 90 miles wide with approximately 9,837 square miles of land area Fact 12 Religion Religion: Religious toleration, which already existed by charter, was further established by a law of the Maryland Assembly, of April 2, 1649 Fact 13 History Original Name: The original name of the colony was the Province of Maryland (later Maryland) Fact 14 History Reason for Founding: Religious freedom, especially for Catholics Fact 15 Economy The Southern Colonies had the largest slave population who worked on the plantations. Plantations grew cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar, indigo (a purple dye), and other crops Fact 16 Economy Some of the plantations were massive and consisted of the main house, slave quarters, a dairy, blacksmith's shop, laundry, smokehouse and barns which made the plantations to large degree, self-sufficient Fact 17 Economy Crops were traded for items that could not be produced on the plantations including shoes, lace, thread, farm tools and dishes Fact 18 History Maryland was originally founded as a haven for those who were Catholic. However, the land prices were so cheap that Protestants also flocked to Maryland which caused much division with the colonists Fact 19 History 1763 - Legal battles were settled by a survey, which resulted in the Mason-Dixon line, surveyed by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, establishing Maryland's northern boundary Fact 20 Trade / Exports Trade in the Southern colonies included Tobacco, cotton, rice, indigo (dye), lumber, furs, farm products - refer to Colonial Times

Delaware

Year Founded: 1638 by Peter Minuit and others Fact 2 Cities Major Towns / Cities: Wilmington Fact 3 Industries Major Industries: Exported agricultural products and natural resources including cattle, grain, rice, indigo (dye), wheat Fact 4 Manufacturing Manufacturing: Manufactured iron ore products such as plows, tools, kettles, locks, nails and large blocks of iron which they exported to England Fact 5 Geography Geography of Delaware: Flat lowland, Atlantic Coastal Plain. The southern boundary is swampland with over 30,000 acres of swamp. The general geography of the Middle Colonies had a mix of the New England and Southern features but had fertile soil and land that was suited to farming Fact 6 Climate Climate: The Middle Colonies had a mild climate with warm summers and mild winters that were suited to farming and agriculture Fact 7 Religion Religion: Not dominated by a specific religion which gave way to religious freedom for Quakers, Catholics, Lutherans, Jews and others. Refer to Religion in the Colonies Fact 8 Raw Materials Natural Resources: Good farmland, timber, furs and coal. Iron ore was a particularly important natural resource Fact 9 Economy Economics and Trade: Exported agricultural products and natural resources but were also able to manufacture iron ore products such as plows, tools, kettles, locks, nails and large blocks of iron which they exported to England Fact 10 Government Government: By 1775 Delaware was governed as a Proprietary Colony. Fact 11 History Original Name: The original name of the colony was the Delaware Colony (before 1776, the Lower Counties on Delaware), later Delaware Fact 12 History Reason for Founding: Trade and profits Fact 13 Economy Delaware was often referred to as a breadbasket colony because it grew so many crops, especially wheat. The wheat was ground into flour in flour mills then shipped to England. Fact 14 Economy A typical farm was 50 to 150 acres consisting of a house, barn, yard and fields Fact 15 History In 1639 the first African on the Delaware, Black Anthony, is brought from the Caribbean Fact 16 History In 1655 the Dutch defeat the Swedes on the Delaware, ending the New Sweden Colony. Delaware becomes a part of New Netherland Fact 17 History In 1664 Sir Robert Carr drives the Dutch off the Delaware and Delaware becomes an English colony Fact 18 Trade / Exports The Middle Colonies were the big food producing region that included corn and wheat and livestock including beef and pork. Other industries included the production of iron ore, lumber, textiles, furs and shipbuilding - refer to Colonial Times

new hampshire

Year Founded: 1638 was founded by John Mason and established by John Wheelwright and others Fact 2 Cities Major Towns / Cities: Concord Fact 3 Industries Major Industries: Agriculture (potatoes, fishing), Manufacturing (textiles, shipbuilding) - refer to Colonial Times Fact 4 Geography Geography: Low coast, hills, mountains and plateau. The basic geography of New England consisted of mountains thick with trees, rivers and poor rocky soil that was difficult to farm and unsuitable for crops Fact 5 Climate Climate: New England was the coldest of the three regions, mild and short summers leading to long, cold winters but less disease than in the warmer colonies Fact 6 Religion Religion: There was no religious freedom in the areas inhabited by the Puritans as they did not tolerate any other form of religion. Refer to Religion in the Colonies Fact 7 Raw Materials Natural Resources: Fish, whales, forests. Imported agricultural products from other colonies. Farming was difficult for crops like wheat because of the poor soil but corn, pumpkins, rye, squash and beans were raised Fact 8 Economy Economics and Trade: Concentrated in manufacture and focussed on town life and industries such as ship building and the manufacture and export of rum Fact 9 Government Government: By 1775 New Hampshire was governed as a Royal Colony. Fact 10 History The original names of the New England Colonies were the Province of New Hampshire, later New Hampshire Fact 11 Economy In towns along the coast, the colonists made their living fishing, whaling, and shipbuilding. Whale oil was a valuable resource as it could be used in lamps. Fact 12 Economy Farming was difficult for crops like wheat because of the poor soil but corn, pumpkins, rye, squash and beans were planted. Fact 13 History 1641 Massachusetts Colony gained control of New Hampshire Fact 14 History In 1679 England forms New Hampshire as a separate royal colony Fact 15 Trade / Exports Fish, timber, furs, ships and livestock

north carolina

Year Founded: 1653 by Virginia colonists Fact 2 Cities Major Towns / Cities: Raleigh Fact 3 Geography Geography of North Carolina: Coastal plains, plateau and mountain ranges Fact 4 Climate Climate: The Southern colonies were the warmest of the three regions, winters not difficult to survive, but the hot and humid summers gave rise to the spread of disease. The warm climate made it possible to grow crops throughout the year and was ideally suited for plantations Fact 5 Climate Climate: The warm climate made it possible to grow crops throughout the year and was ideally suited for plantations Fact 6 Religion Religion: Not dominated by a specific religion which gave way to religious freedom for Baptists, Anglicans and others. Refer to Religion in the Colonies Fact 7 Raw Materials Natural Resources: Fish, forests (timber) and good agricultural land. Farming and Plantations were important. Exported agricultural products to other colonies Fact 8 Economy Economics and Trade: Concentrated on agriculture and developed the plantations exporting tobacco, cotton, corn, vegetables, grain, fruit and livestock Fact 9 Government Government: By 1775 North Carolina was governed as a Royal Colony. Fact 10 History Original Name: The original name of the colony was the Province of North Carolina, later North Carolina and Tennessee Fact 11 Economy The Southern Colonies had the largest slave population who worked on the plantations.Plantations grew cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar, indigo (a purple dye), and other crops Fact 12 Economy Some of the plantations were massive and consisted of the main house, slave quarters, a dairy, blacksmith's shop, laundry, smokehouse and barns which made the plantations to large degree, self-sufficient Fact 13 Economy Crops were traded for items that could not be produced on the plantations including shoes, lace, thread, farm tools and dishes Fact 14 History In 1653 Nathaniel Batts ( 1620-1679 ) becomes the earliest permanent settler in North Carolina Fact 15 History In 1691 the land assumed the name of North Carolina Fact 16 History In 1712 North Carolina becomes a separate Colony Fact 17 History In 1729 North Carolina becomes a royal English colony Fact 18 History The Colony became a state on November 21, 1789. For additional facts and info refer to the Change from Colonies to States Fact 19 Trade / Exports Trade in the Southern colonies included Tobacco, cotton, rice, indigo (dye), lumber, furs, farm products - refer to Colonial Times Facts Subject Facts about the North Carolina Colony North Carolina Colony Fact File

pennsylvania

Year Founded: 1682 by William Penn and others, at Philadelphia Fact 2 Cities Major Towns / Cities: Philadelphia, Lancaster, York Fact 3 Geography Geography: Mountains, coastal plain and plateau areas to Lake Erie lowlands. The general geography of the Middle Colonies had a mix of the New England and Southern features but had fertile soil and land that was suited to farming Fact 4 Climate Climate: The Middle Colonies had a mild climate with warm summers and mild winters that were suited to farming and agriculture Fact 5 Religion Religion: Not dominated by a specific religion which gave way to religious freedom for Quakers, Catholics, Lutherans, Jews and others. Refer to Religion in the Colonies Fact 6 Raw Materials Natural Resources: Good farmland, timber, furs and coal. Iron ore was a particularly important natural resource Fact 7 Economy Economics and Trade: Exported agricultural products and natural resources but were also able to manufacture iron ore products such as plows, tools, kettles, locks, nails and large blocks of iron which they exported to England Fact 8 Government Government: By 1775 Pennsylvania was governed as a Proprietary Colony. Fact 9 History Original Name: The original name of the colony was the Province of Pennsylvania, later Pennsylvania Fact 10 History Reason for Founding: Religious freedom for Quakers; trade and profits Fact 11 Economy Pennsylvania was often referred to as a breadbasket colony because it grew so many crops, especially wheat. The wheat was ground into flour in flour mills then shipped to England. Fact 12 Economy A typical farm was 50 to 150 acres consisting of a house, barn, yard and fields Fact 13 History In 1682 William Penn (1644 - 1718) lands at New Castle, Delaware Fact 14 Trade / Exports The Middle Colonies were the big food producing region that included corn and wheat and livestock including beef and pork. Other industries included the production of iron ore, lumber, textiles, furs and shipbuilding - refer to Colonial Times. Fact 15 Industry Flax and hemp farms were established in the Middle Colonies furthering the textiles industry

Georgia

Year Founded: 1732 by James Oglethorpe and others Fact 2 Cities Major Towns / Cities: Savannah Fact 3 Industries Major Industries: Agriculture (indigo, rice, sugar) Fact 4 Climate Climate: The Southern colonies were the warmest of the three regions, winters not difficult to survive, but the hot and humid summers gave rise to the spread of disease. The warm climate made it possible to grow crops throughout the year and was ideally suited for plantations Fact 5 Climate Climate: The warm climate made it possible to grow crops throughout the year and was ideally suited for plantations Fact 6 Geography Geography: Hilly coastal plains with plenty of forests Fact 7 Religion Religion: Not dominated by a specific religion which gave way to religious freedom for Baptists, Anglicans and others. Refer to Religion in the Colonies Fact 8 Raw Materials Natural Resources: Fish, forests (timber) and good agricultural land. Farming and Plantations were important. Exported agricultural products to other colonies Fact 9 Economy Economics and Trade: Concentrated on agriculture and developed the plantations exporting tobacco, cotton, corn, vegetables, grain, fruit and livestock Fact 10 Government Government: By 1775 Georgia was governed as a Royal Colony. Fact 11 History Original Name: The original name of the colony was the Province of Georgia, later Georgia Fact 12 History William Stephens was named president of the entire colony of Georgia as James Oglethorpe was primarily focused on the defense of the colony during the war with Spain Fact 13 History The last American colony was Georgia, founded 50 years after the other twelve. Fact 14 History The colony provide a refuge for persecuted protestants and a military presence between the other colonies and Spanish Florida Fact 15 Economy The Southern Colonies had the largest slave population who worked on the plantations.Plantations grew cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar, indigo (a purple dye), and other crops Fact 16 Economy Some of the plantations were massive and consisted of the main house, slave quarters, a dairy, blacksmith's shop, laundry, smokehouse and barns which made the plantations to large degree, self-sufficient Fact 17 Economy Crops were traded for items that could not be produced on the plantations including shoes, lace, thread, farm tools and dishes Fact 18 History Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe who founded it as a haven for debtors Fact 19 Trade / Exports Trade in the Southern colonies included Tobacco, cotton, rice, indigo (dye), lumber, furs, farm products - refer to Colonial Times

new york

ear Founded: 1626 by Peter Minuit and others, on Manhattan Island Fact 2 Cities Major Towns / Cities: New York City, Albany Fact 3 Geography Geography: Mountains in the northeast, lowlands from Lake Ontario along the Canadian border. Atlantic coastal plain. The general geography of the Middle Colonies had a mix of the New England and Southern features but had fertile soil and land that was suited to farming Fact 4 Climate Climate: The Middle Colonies had a mild climate with warm summers and mild winters that were suited to farming and agriculture Fact 5 Religion Religion: Not dominated by a specific religion which gave way to religious freedom for Quakers, Catholics, Lutherans, Jews and others. Refer to Religion in the Colonies Fact 6 Raw Materials Natural Resources: Good farmland, timber, furs and coal. Iron ore was a particularly important natural resource Fact 7 Economy Economics and Trade: Exported agricultural products and natural resources but were also able to manufacture iron ore products such as plows, tools, kettles, locks, nails and large blocks of iron which they exported to England Fact 8 Government Government: By 1775 New York was governed as a Royal Colony. Fact 9 History Original Name: The original name of the colony was the Province of New York, later New York and Vermont Fact 10 History Reason for Founding: Trade and profits Fact 11 Economy New York was often referred to as a breadbasket colony because it grew so many crops, especially wheat. The wheat was ground into flour in flour mills then shipped to England. Fact 12 Economy A typical farm was 50 to 150 acres consisting of a house, barn, yard and fields Fact 13 History In 1638 the Swedish settlement led by Peter Minuit starting the New Sweden Colony Fact 14 History In 1646 Peter Stuyvesant (1602-1672) became Dutch Governor of the New Netherlands Fact 15 History In 1655 the Dutch defeat the Swedes on the Delaware and Stuyvesant took possession of the New Sweden Colony Fact 16 History In 1664 the Dutch lose New Amsterdam to the British which is re-named as New York, after the Duke of York Fact 17 Trade / Exports The Middle Colonies were the big food producing region that included corn and wheat and livestock including beef and pork. Other industries included the production of iron ore, lumber, textiles, furs and shipbuilding - refer to Colonial Times Fact 18 Industry Flax and hemp farms were established in the Middle Colonies furthering the textiles industry