The Changing Biosphere Exam 2

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What is primary productivity basic to?

all growth in an ecosystem

What is a population?

all members of a species living in a given area at the same time

What is an ecosystem?

all of the organisms and their physical and chemical environments

What is a species?

all organisms that are genetically similar enough to breed in nature and produce live, fertile offspring

What is a community?f

all populations of organisms living and interacting in area

Seconday Succession

an existing community is disrupted an a new one subsequently develops at the site

zoochory

animals that disperse seeds and pollen

Ecosystem change is...

essential and inevitable

Threats to biodiversity

extinction and natural causes

What are some biodiversity benefits?

food, drugs and medicine, aesthetic and cultural benefits

What do provisioning services provide us with?

food, water, air

What does erosion affect?

forest loss and water

Why is the long leaf pine fire adaptive?

grass stage 3 regeneration

What is outflow?

heat and materials like carbon

What are some resource conflicts?

housing boom, watersheds, wildlife, recreation

hydrochory

offspring grow faster and stronger b/c of water

existence/intrinsic value

organisms have value in themselves

What is at the base of all ecosystems?

photosynthesis

What is primary productivity?

photosynthesis

What do serotinous cones do?

pops out seeds during fire

Vulnerable

populations down, habitats impacted

What is productivity

the amount of biomass produced in a given area at a given point of time

What is the most endangered cat?

The amur leopard

How many extinctions are caused by rainforest clearing?

60%

How much of the smokies is logged?

90%

What must flow in and out of the ecosystem?

energy and matter

What is inflow?

sunlight and materials like carbon, nitrogen and water

Who does disturbance usially disrupt?

superior competitors

What is a better alternative to sustainable development?

sustainable retreat

What are seasonal changes?

temperature, moisture

What was the African Gold Toad used for to contract fungus?

testing in hospitals

What is the most visited National Park?

the Smokies

What is species richness?

total number of species in a community

How many forests, grasslands, ad wetlands are lost?

1/2

How many frogs face extinction?

1/2

How many amphibians are threatened?

1/3

How many mammals face extinction?

1/4

How many billions do Americans spend annually on wildlife recreation?

104

Pioneer Species

1st colonists

HOw much of agriculture shows signs of degradation?

2/3

At what number is population very endangered and hard to save?

200

What Lake Tai feed?

China

What is an example of primary succession?

El Malpais National Monument in NM

What is a special Amazon species?

Freshwater Dolphin

Why are amphibians in a state of collapse?

Fungus is spreading and they have sensitive skin from the African Toad

What does Lake Mead feed?

Las Vegas

Is conservation a wealthy western idea, a luxury, or fantasy even?

No, developing countries are concerned but the Western countries control the issues

What is the rarest HImalayan mammal?

Snow Leopard

Where has air quality especially worsened?

Southern Asia and India

How can habitat destruction and poaching wipe out a population?

They are forced to marginal habitats that are difficult to survive in

Why are ecosystems studied without humans?

They behave differently

What does environmental science study?

all aspecs of the environment and problem solving

What is the Ethiopian national symbol?

Walia Ibex

What is a windshear?

a logged area taht creates pocket for windspeed to accelerate and knock down trees

Strip barking

a tree only produces enough to photosynthesize and produce bark on a strip of trunk

What does ecology study?

abundance and distribution of organisms

supporting services

basic ecosystem processes

What are four target points to maintain human well-being?

basic needs, good health, social stability, personal freedom

Point source pollution

can be tracked

Non-point source pollution

cannot be tracked

What's been done in fisheries?

catch limits, lake stocking

What is a hydrochory example?

coconut tree

Primary succession

community begins to develop on site previously occupied by living organisms

climax community

develops last and remains the longest

What are most landscapes made of?

disturbance adapted species

What do regulating services control?

important conditions and services

In an open system what do you start with?

individual from a population within a species

How is food distributed?

inequitably

What kind of systems are ecosystems?

integrated

What is important of ecosystems?

interaction with others

Who does disturbance allow to persist?

less competitive species

Simple food chain

links basic plants and animals

What are biota?

living organisms

What has new knowledge led to?

management

What is an anemochory example?

maple trees, propeller seeds

What is transformed and exchanged in photosynthesis?

matter and energy in biota and abiotic environ.

Species diversity

measures number of different kinds of organisms within a community

Ecological Diversity

measures richness and complexity of a commuity

Genetic diversity

measures variety of different versions of same genes within a species

What is sustainability?

meeting the needs of the present in an equitable and fair fashion without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

How many prescriptions have natural products?

more than 1/2

Of all the endangered species why do we concentrate on the big, beautiful, and charismatic species?

most attractive, flagship species, umbrella species

Do most landscapes reach a climax?

no

What are abiotic?

nonliving elements of the environment

endangered

probably gonna be extinct

What are plants called?

producers

What is species evenness?

relative abundance of individuals within each species

What's been done in forestry?

replanting

Why do ecosystems constantly change?

response to internal/external actions

How are ecosystems defined?

scales

How are ecosystem processes regulated?

self regulation

What's an incentive to preserve native species?

sharing profits

food web

shows how plants and animals are interconnected by different paths

What are some issues at the Smokies?

smog, trash and sewage

threatened

steady population decrease

Why are most ecosystems open?

they exchange materials with other ecosystems

What has happened to managing resources?

they have dwindled, behaviors have changed

What animal do polar bears now hunt?

walruses

What are the most critical issues of the 21st century?

water quality and quantity

anemochory

wind pushes seeds around


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