The Civil War Begins and The Politics of War
How did the Fort Sumter conflict begin?
-Lincoln received a letter from Fort Sumter commander Major Anderson, it said that if he didn't surrender the fort, the South would attack
What were some of the tactical errors by Gen. McClellan
-delayed battle with CSA after his troops had already trained well enough -failed to pursue the retreating Confederate troops
What was the South's Military strategy?
-mostly defensive, but to invade if the opportunity arose
How many African Americans fought for the Union army?
180,000
On ________1861, ______seceded
April 17, Virginia
_____General Albert Johnson moved his troops from ____into_____where he died in battle
Confederate, Alabama, Tennessee
The _______ _______ only freed slaved behind enemy lines in the Confederacy
Emancipation Proclamation
June 25 - July 1 1862
Gen. McClellan fights Gen. Lee in the Seven Days Battles, Union is unable to take capital
After the victory in lower Mississippi the only CSA strongholds that remained on the Mississippi river were port _______, Louisiana and_______,Mississippi
Hudson, Vicksburg
Britain found new sources of cotton in_____and_____
India, Egypt
The Confederate diplomats were _______and _______
James Mason and John Slidell
July 1 1862
Robert E. Lee retreated before McClellan wiped out his army
Northern or Southern? highly motivated soldiers because they were fighting for their homeland
Southern
Northern or Southern? huge profits from cotton production
Southern
July 21 1861
Stonewall Jackson and the South win the first Battle of Bull Run
The battle at Fort Henry on the Tennessee River, and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River occurred in _______
Tennessee
The battle of Shiloh occurred in _______
Tennessee
May 1861 _____, ______, _____seceded
Tennessee, North Carolina, Arkansas
January 1863
The Emancipation Proclamation passed
March 4 1861
The date of Lincoln's inauguration
February 1862
Union forces under command of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant capture Fort Donelson and Fort Henry in Tennessee
One part of the Anaconda plan called for the Capture of Richmond,________
Virginia
The battle between the Merrimack and the Monitor occurred at the mouth of the James River and the Chesapeake Bay off the coast of ________
Virginia
April 17 1861
Virginia is the 8th state to secede from the Union because the people of the state were unwilling to fight fellow Southerners
The western counties of ______ _______and formed the state of _________that was admitted into the Union in 1863
Virginia seceded, West Virginia
The Battle of Bull Run occurred in the state of _____near_____
Virginia, Maryland
The western counties of __________seceded and became known as ________ in 1863
Virginia, West Virginia
1863 _____is admitted into the Union
West Virginia
What happened in the Trent affair?
a Union ship seized a British ship and captured some Confederate diplomats; the British and the South were outraged
Although Lincoln opposed slavery he did not think the Federal gov't had the power to ______it where it already existed
abolish
Copperheads were northern Democrats who _____with the South
advocated peace
Some in the North disagreed with the Emancipation Proclamation and thought it would only ____and _____the war
anger the South, prolong
What was Lincoln's response to the battle of Bull Run?
called for the enlistment of 1,000,000 men and appointed Gen. McClellan to lead the army
What was the name of the new bullet used in the war?
minie ball
Since the Civil War, American presidents have cited war or _____as a reason to expand the powers of the executive branch
national security
In May 1861 Britain announced its _______
neutrality
After the loss of the fort, the response for ______ to join the ______army was _________
recruits, Union, overwhelming
April 12 1861
the Civil War began when Jefferson Davis ordered Confederate soldiers to take control of Fort Sumter
May 5 1861
the Confederacy commands the Union to give up Fort Sumter
What major river split the Confederacy into two parts?
the Mississippi River
Lincoln did not want to turn the war into a crusade to end slavery, he believed this war was to save the _____
union
Emancipation became a _____of _____
weapon of war
Britain needed Northern_____and______due to crop failure in Europe
wheat, corn
As commander and chief, Lincoln ordered the army to _____slaved in the south
emancipate
Paying a commutation fee would free you from having to do what?
fight in the war
For many the Emancipation Proclamation turned the Civil War into a fight to _____ ______
free slaves
______is a court order that requires authorities to bring __________before_______to determine____he or she is being______
habeas corpus, a person held in jail, the court, why, jailed
September 17 1862
Battle of Antietam, Maryland- single bloodiest battle in US history fought to a draw
What did Lincoln decide?
He decided to neither abandon the fort nor evacuate it, and he let his opponent make the first move
What was the North's Military strategy? (anaconda plan)
-to capture Richmond, VA -conquer their enemy -blockade their enemy's ports so they wouldn't be able to export goods ergo get money -take control of Mississippi River and divided CSA
How many states made up the Confederacy?
11 States- Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia
The battle at Pea Ridge was in ______
Arkansas
In May, 1861, _______,_______, and_______ seceded
Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee
In May _______, ___________,_______ seceded
Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina
The abolitionist movement discouraged ______from supporting the CSA
Britain
Whose support did the Confederacy hope to gain?
Britain
What did Davis decide?
He ordered an attack on the fort in April 1861
April 24 1862
David G. Farragut took New Orleans as a part of the plan to control the Mississippi River and divide the Confederacy
If he did nothing and allowed a foreign fort to remain in his territory, his nation would look neither legitimate or independent...Lincoln or Davis?
Davis
Although many of the citizens in _____,______,______and______ fought for the Confederacy, they never seceded
Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri
July 1863
Draft Riots (esp NY City)
If he ordered the fort evacuated he would be treating the rebellious states as a legitimate new nation...Lincoln or Davis?
Lincoln
If he sent the navy to reinforce the troops at the fort, he would be seen as responsible for starting hostilities and may lose support of some states...Lincoln or Davis?
Lincoln
November 7 1862
Lincoln fired McClellan
______ordered the release of the two captured diplomats and ____was avoided with Britain
Lincoln, war
In the fighting in lower Mississippi River, the cities of New Orleans and Baton Rouge were captured in ______along with the city of Natchez in ______
Louisiana, Mississippi
The Battle of Antietam began when Confederate forces crossed the Potomac River into ______
Maryland
_______, _______,______,________ remained in the Union, even though many of their citizens fought for the Confederacy
Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri
What were the slave states that did not secede and join the Confederacy?
Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri
Northern or Southern? a patient, decisive leader who could balance different political factions (pro or anti slavery)
Northern
Northern or Southern? an extensive rail road system
Northern
Northern or Southern? greater food production
Northern
Northern or Southern? more advantages than their enemy
Northern
Northern or Southern? more factories and manufacturing
Northern
Northern or Southern? more fighting power
Northern
February 4 1861
Seven Southern most states secede from the Union and form the Confederate States of America
August 29, 30 1862
Robert E. Lee defeat the Union at the Second Battle of Bull Run
The _______captured the British merchant ship the ____
San Jacinto, Trent
The battle of _____ occurred in Tennessee, near the border of ______
Shiloh, Mississippi
The fighting at Fort Sumter took place in_______
South Carolina
Fort Sumter was taken over by the _________
South-Confederacy-CSA
Northern or Southern? a tradition of local and limited government and resistance to centralized government
Southern
Northern or Southern? first rate generals
Southern
Northern or Southern? states' rights were put first
Southern
March 9 1862
U.S.S. Monitor v C.S.S. Merrimack-two ironclad ships ships fought to a draw
June 1862
Union General George McClellan began an advance toward the Confederate capital of Richmond, VA
Who was McDowell?
Union General defeated by Stonewall Jackson at Battle of Bull Run
Who was Admiral David Farragut?
Union General who won the victories in lower Mississippi
March 1862
Union and Confederate forces fought to a draw at the Battle of Shiloh, it built confidence in the Anaconda plan
_____General John Pope, moved his troops from _____into _____where he was defeated in battle
Union, Maryland, Virginia
Although the battle of Antietam was a standoff the Confederates retreated back to_____
Virginia
Term for forcing people to serve in the army
conscription
The loss of the fort _____the people of the North against the CSA
united