The Civil War Begins and The Politics of War

How did the Fort Sumter conflict begin?

-Lincoln received a letter from Fort Sumter commander Major Anderson, it said that if he didn't surrender the fort, the South would attack

What were some of the tactical errors by Gen. McClellan

-delayed battle with CSA after his troops had already trained well enough -failed to pursue the retreating Confederate troops

What was the South's Military strategy?

-mostly defensive, but to invade if the opportunity arose

How many African Americans fought for the Union army?

180,000

On ________1861, ______seceded

April 17, Virginia

_____General Albert Johnson moved his troops from ____into_____where he died in battle

Confederate, Alabama, Tennessee

The _______ _______ only freed slaved behind enemy lines in the Confederacy

Emancipation Proclamation

June 25 - July 1 1862

Gen. McClellan fights Gen. Lee in the Seven Days Battles, Union is unable to take capital

After the victory in lower Mississippi the only CSA strongholds that remained on the Mississippi river were port _______, Louisiana and_______,Mississippi

Hudson, Vicksburg

Britain found new sources of cotton in_____and_____

India, Egypt

The Confederate diplomats were _______and _______

James Mason and John Slidell

July 1 1862

Robert E. Lee retreated before McClellan wiped out his army

Northern or Southern? highly motivated soldiers because they were fighting for their homeland

Southern

Northern or Southern? huge profits from cotton production

Southern

July 21 1861

Stonewall Jackson and the South win the first Battle of Bull Run

The battle at Fort Henry on the Tennessee River, and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River occurred in _______

Tennessee

The battle of Shiloh occurred in _______

Tennessee

May 1861 _____, ______, _____seceded

Tennessee, North Carolina, Arkansas

January 1863

The Emancipation Proclamation passed

March 4 1861

The date of Lincoln's inauguration

February 1862

Union forces under command of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant capture Fort Donelson and Fort Henry in Tennessee

One part of the Anaconda plan called for the Capture of Richmond,________

Virginia

The battle between the Merrimack and the Monitor occurred at the mouth of the James River and the Chesapeake Bay off the coast of ________

Virginia

April 17 1861

Virginia is the 8th state to secede from the Union because the people of the state were unwilling to fight fellow Southerners

The western counties of ______ _______and formed the state of _________that was admitted into the Union in 1863

Virginia seceded, West Virginia

The Battle of Bull Run occurred in the state of _____near_____

Virginia, Maryland

The western counties of __________seceded and became known as ________ in 1863

Virginia, West Virginia

1863 _____is admitted into the Union

West Virginia

What happened in the Trent affair?

a Union ship seized a British ship and captured some Confederate diplomats; the British and the South were outraged

Although Lincoln opposed slavery he did not think the Federal gov't had the power to ______it where it already existed

abolish

Copperheads were northern Democrats who _____with the South

advocated peace

Some in the North disagreed with the Emancipation Proclamation and thought it would only ____and _____the war

anger the South, prolong

What was Lincoln's response to the battle of Bull Run?

called for the enlistment of 1,000,000 men and appointed Gen. McClellan to lead the army

What was the name of the new bullet used in the war?

minie ball

Since the Civil War, American presidents have cited war or _____as a reason to expand the powers of the executive branch

national security

In May 1861 Britain announced its _______

neutrality

After the loss of the fort, the response for ______ to join the ______army was _________

recruits, Union, overwhelming

April 12 1861

the Civil War began when Jefferson Davis ordered Confederate soldiers to take control of Fort Sumter

May 5 1861

the Confederacy commands the Union to give up Fort Sumter

What major river split the Confederacy into two parts?

the Mississippi River

Lincoln did not want to turn the war into a crusade to end slavery, he believed this war was to save the _____

union

Emancipation became a _____of _____

weapon of war

Britain needed Northern_____and______due to crop failure in Europe

wheat, corn

As commander and chief, Lincoln ordered the army to _____slaved in the south

emancipate

Paying a commutation fee would free you from having to do what?

fight in the war

For many the Emancipation Proclamation turned the Civil War into a fight to _____ ______

free slaves

______is a court order that requires authorities to bring __________before_______to determine____he or she is being______

habeas corpus, a person held in jail, the court, why, jailed

September 17 1862

Battle of Antietam, Maryland- single bloodiest battle in US history fought to a draw

What did Lincoln decide?

He decided to neither abandon the fort nor evacuate it, and he let his opponent make the first move

What was the North's Military strategy? (anaconda plan)

-to capture Richmond, VA -conquer their enemy -blockade their enemy's ports so they wouldn't be able to export goods ergo get money -take control of Mississippi River and divided CSA

How many states made up the Confederacy?

11 States- Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia

The battle at Pea Ridge was in ______

Arkansas

In May, 1861, _______,_______, and_______ seceded

Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee

In May _______, ___________,_______ seceded

Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina

The abolitionist movement discouraged ______from supporting the CSA

Britain

Whose support did the Confederacy hope to gain?

Britain

What did Davis decide?

He ordered an attack on the fort in April 1861

April 24 1862

David G. Farragut took New Orleans as a part of the plan to control the Mississippi River and divide the Confederacy

If he did nothing and allowed a foreign fort to remain in his territory, his nation would look neither legitimate or independent...Lincoln or Davis?

Davis

Although many of the citizens in _____,______,______and______ fought for the Confederacy, they never seceded

Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri

July 1863

Draft Riots (esp NY City)

If he ordered the fort evacuated he would be treating the rebellious states as a legitimate new nation...Lincoln or Davis?

Lincoln

If he sent the navy to reinforce the troops at the fort, he would be seen as responsible for starting hostilities and may lose support of some states...Lincoln or Davis?

Lincoln

November 7 1862

Lincoln fired McClellan

______ordered the release of the two captured diplomats and ____was avoided with Britain

Lincoln, war

In the fighting in lower Mississippi River, the cities of New Orleans and Baton Rouge were captured in ______along with the city of Natchez in ______

Louisiana, Mississippi

The Battle of Antietam began when Confederate forces crossed the Potomac River into ______

Maryland

_______, _______,______,________ remained in the Union, even though many of their citizens fought for the Confederacy

Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri

What were the slave states that did not secede and join the Confederacy?

Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri

Northern or Southern? a patient, decisive leader who could balance different political factions (pro or anti slavery)

Northern

Northern or Southern? an extensive rail road system

Northern

Northern or Southern? greater food production

Northern

Northern or Southern? more advantages than their enemy

Northern

Northern or Southern? more factories and manufacturing

Northern

Northern or Southern? more fighting power

Northern

February 4 1861

Seven Southern most states secede from the Union and form the Confederate States of America

August 29, 30 1862

Robert E. Lee defeat the Union at the Second Battle of Bull Run

The _______captured the British merchant ship the ____

San Jacinto, Trent

The battle of _____ occurred in Tennessee, near the border of ______

Shiloh, Mississippi

The fighting at Fort Sumter took place in_______

South Carolina

Fort Sumter was taken over by the _________

South-Confederacy-CSA

Northern or Southern? a tradition of local and limited government and resistance to centralized government

Southern

Northern or Southern? first rate generals

Southern

Northern or Southern? states' rights were put first

Southern

March 9 1862

U.S.S. Monitor v C.S.S. Merrimack-two ironclad ships ships fought to a draw

June 1862

Union General George McClellan began an advance toward the Confederate capital of Richmond, VA

Who was McDowell?

Union General defeated by Stonewall Jackson at Battle of Bull Run

Who was Admiral David Farragut?

Union General who won the victories in lower Mississippi

March 1862

Union and Confederate forces fought to a draw at the Battle of Shiloh, it built confidence in the Anaconda plan

_____General John Pope, moved his troops from _____into _____where he was defeated in battle

Union, Maryland, Virginia

Although the battle of Antietam was a standoff the Confederates retreated back to_____

Virginia

Term for forcing people to serve in the army

conscription

The loss of the fort _____the people of the North against the CSA

united