Psychology - Chapter 1 (Quiz & Review)
A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of
Gestalt psychology
Wundt used ___, a process by which someone examines their own conscious ___ as ___ as possible.
introspection experience objectively
Psychology refers to the ________
scientific study of the mind and behavior.
Which of the following choices refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?
scientific theory
Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.
studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes
The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.
the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior
Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________.
thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions
Focuses on the role of a person's unconscious
Psychoanalytic Theory
cognitive revolution
Ulric Neisser
An ___ method for acquiring ___ is one based on ___, including ___.
empirical knowledge observation experimentation
Abraham Maslow
heirarchy of needs
Which choice is an accurate definition of a hypothesis?
A tentative explanation
Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy?
Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment.
The ___ is a professional organization representing psychologists in the United States. It is the largest organization of psychologists in the ___, and it has ___ divisions.
American Psychological Association world 56
Like Watson, ___was a behaviorist. He concentrated on how behavior was affected by its ___. Therefore, Skinner spoke of ___ and ___ as major factors in driving behavior.
B.F. Skinner consequences reinforcement punishment
B.F. Skinner
Behaviorism
John B. Watson
Behaviorism
Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?
Francis Cecil Sumner
Which perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.
Humanism
In looking at the area of multicultural psychology, what is a recognized deficit of this particular area of study?
It can describe what happens between cultures, but not explain why those differences occur.
According to William James, what was the true purpose of psychology?
Studying the function of behavior in the world
___ was a German scientist who was the first person to be referred to as a ___.
Wilhelm Wundt psychologist
Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________
biopsychologist
Carl Rogers
client-centered therapy
Lucy wants to study changes in physical attributes, cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.
developmental
Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?
favoring women over men
Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?
forensic
was influenced by Darwin's concept of Natural Selection
functionalism
the word roughly translates to "whole"
gestalt
associated with the work of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
humanistic
Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.
industrial-organizational
The empirical method of study is based on ________.
observation of phenomena.
Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________.
social psychology
Sigmund Freud believed that understanding the ___ mind was absolutely critical to understanding ___ behavior. Freud relied upon ___ analysis and free ___.
unconscious conscious dream association
Psychology refers to the ___ study of the ___ and ___.
scientific mind behavior
First African American Psychology PhD
Francis Sumner
First Female Psychology PhD
Margaret Floy Washburn
Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?
The process was highly subjective
Associated with the University of Leipzig
structuralism
It was not until the late ___ that psychology became ___ as its own ___ discipline.
1800s accepted academic
Unconditional Positive Regard
Carl Rogers
Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method?
Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates.
Sigmund Freud
psychoanalytic theory
Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of
personality
Dr. Singh has just completed her PhD program and is now applying for a year-long program at a nationally-recognized hospital. If accepted, she will greatly advance her knowledge of behavioral neuroscience. Dr. Singh is applying for a(n) ________ training program.
postdoctoral
A researcher with a(n) ___ about how or why something ___ will propose a(n) ___ explanation. called a(n) ___.
question happens tentative hypothesis
Which of the following is a common requirement of a PhD across different schools and/or countries?
A dissertation
___ believed that the study of consciousness was ___. He believed that ___ analysis of the ___ was ___. His approach to observing and controlling behavior came to be known as ___
John B. Watson flawed objective mind impossible behaviorism
Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.
introspection