Psychology - Chapter 1 (Quiz & Review)

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of

Gestalt psychology

Wundt used ___, a process by which someone examines their own conscious ___ as ___ as possible.

introspection experience objectively

Psychology refers to the ________

scientific study of the mind and behavior.

Which of the following choices refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

scientific theory

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.

the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________.

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

Focuses on the role of a person's unconscious

Psychoanalytic Theory

cognitive revolution

Ulric Neisser

An ___ method for acquiring ___ is one based on ___, including ___.

empirical knowledge observation experimentation

Abraham Maslow

heirarchy of needs

Which choice is an accurate definition of a hypothesis?

A tentative explanation

Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy?

Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment.

The ___ is a professional organization representing psychologists in the United States. It is the largest organization of psychologists in the ___, and it has ___ divisions.

American Psychological Association world 56

Like Watson, ___was a behaviorist. He concentrated on how behavior was affected by its ___. Therefore, Skinner spoke of ___ and ___ as major factors in driving behavior.

B.F. Skinner consequences reinforcement punishment

B.F. Skinner

Behaviorism

John B. Watson

Behaviorism

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?

Francis Cecil Sumner

Which perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.

Humanism

In looking at the area of multicultural psychology, what is a recognized deficit of this particular area of study?

It can describe what happens between cultures, but not explain why those differences occur.

According to William James, what was the true purpose of psychology?

Studying the function of behavior in the world

___ was a German scientist who was the first person to be referred to as a ___.

Wilhelm Wundt psychologist

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________

biopsychologist

Carl Rogers

client-centered therapy

Lucy wants to study changes in physical attributes, cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.

developmental

Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?

favoring women over men

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

forensic

was influenced by Darwin's concept of Natural Selection

functionalism

the word roughly translates to "whole"

gestalt

associated with the work of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

humanistic

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.

industrial-organizational

The empirical method of study is based on ________.

observation of phenomena.

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________.

social psychology

Sigmund Freud believed that understanding the ___ mind was absolutely critical to understanding ___ behavior. Freud relied upon ___ analysis and free ___.

unconscious conscious dream association

Psychology refers to the ___ study of the ___ and ___.

scientific mind behavior

First African American Psychology PhD

Francis Sumner

First Female Psychology PhD

Margaret Floy Washburn

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?

The process was highly subjective

Associated with the University of Leipzig

structuralism

It was not until the late ___ that psychology became ___ as its own ___ discipline.

1800s accepted academic

Unconditional Positive Regard

Carl Rogers

Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method?

Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates.

Sigmund Freud

psychoanalytic theory

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of

personality

Dr. Singh has just completed her PhD program and is now applying for a year-long program at a nationally-recognized hospital. If accepted, she will greatly advance her knowledge of behavioral neuroscience. Dr. Singh is applying for a(n) ________ training program.

postdoctoral

A researcher with a(n) ___ about how or why something ___ will propose a(n) ___ explanation. called a(n) ___.

question happens tentative hypothesis

Which of the following is a common requirement of a PhD across different schools and/or countries?

A dissertation

___ believed that the study of consciousness was ___. He believed that ___ analysis of the ___ was ___. His approach to observing and controlling behavior came to be known as ___

John B. Watson flawed objective mind impossible behaviorism

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

introspection